A Historical Approach on the Opportunity to Acquire Technology Development Capability in Turkish Automobile Industry

Turkey has given importance to the development of the automobile industry since the Ottoman period.While the Ottomans,who were aware of the development process of the automobile industry in the world,provided transportation by horse-drawn carriage,they thought of importing automobiles for the Sultan and high-level bureaucrats in an effort to switch to automobile transportation.However,after the proclamation of the Republic,automobile production started,just like airplanes.While a factory was established for the production of a domestic aircraft,the first automobile production facility was established in Istanbul in 1929 by the American Ford company.This factory was closed after a short time due to the world economic crisis.After the activities of the Kayseri Aircraft Factory,which lasted until 1948,came to an end,this time,Revolution car prototypes could be manufactured completely domestically in 1961.After the project,which did not go into mass production,the KoçGroup started to produce the domestically-made Anadol car with technology transfer from multiple sources in 1967,but the production of Anadol continued until 1984.In 1971,Renault cars started to be produced under the French Renault license,and TOFAŞcars under the Italian FIAT license.Towards the end of the 1970s,creative imitation applications were made in TOFAŞcars with the bird series.In the 1990s,the production of Japanese Honda and Toyota and South Korean Hyundai cars started.In 2011,the idea of producing a domestic automobile emerged,the Devrim automobile was taken as an example in this project,the first Togg prototype was manufactured with technology transfer from multiple sources in December 2018,and it was announced that mass production would begin in March 2023.The 12-year period from 2011 to 2023 is too long for the creation of a domestic automobile.It has been understood that this long process has been passed in order to regain the pre-1980 level of technological ability.However,the most important thing is the transition from the creative imitation stage to the innovation stage.Our wish is that this process can be shortened with phase skipping approaches.

Foreign-Related Tax Policy and Regime and Its Tendency of Development

China’s foreign--related tax system was established and developed in theprocess of deepening the reform and opening to the outside world begin-ning in 1979. Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh CentralCommittee of the Chinese Communist Party, to meet the demands of thenew situation of opening to the outside world, several laws were promul-

Current status and technology development tendency of research reactors in China

The current status and development history of domestic and abroad research reactors (RRs) are mentioned.The representative RRs and their respective technology characteristics are introduced.The utilizations of China's RRs,mainly included as nuclear engineering technology,basic research applications of nuclear technology,teaching and personnel training,are explained.

Deformation and Development Tendency of Shiliushubao Landslide by Numerical Modeling

On the basis of analysing basic features of Shiliushubao landslide, the landslide＇s deformation and development tendency are quantitatively studied by using FLA^3D program. The results accord with monitoring results. The results are indicated that resevoir impounding accelerates the landslide＇s deformation, and the variation of reservoir water level is key factor of affecting the deformation; The landslide has the characters of pull-behind move ment according to the displacement of the landslide body gradually reducing from leading edge to trailing edge; Excavating and deloading slow down the landslide＇s deformation in the certain degree. On the basis, the deformation developmental tendency of Shiliushubao landslide is predicted by the established simulating model.

An Analysis of the Development Tendency of Chinese Folk Music under the Linear Thinking Background

This paper conducts the analysis of the development tendency of Chinese folk music under the linear thinking background. Complexity thinking is to use the basic theory of complexity science, viewpoint and method to the problem of a kind of the thinking, analysis, and to explore ways, it is the general nonlinear and integrity, relational, process as the main characteristics of a modern way of the thinking. China’s traditional music has the extremely glorious history, as it has included the folk music which the working people collective wisdom condenses becomes, that but also has the writer music, the sacred music, palace music, quantity is quite rich as spreads until now work to pass through the long years elutriate that is in our country traditional culture treasure. Under this basis, this paper proposes the novel idea of the issue that will be meaningful.

Research on Development Tendency of College Campus Environmental Landscape Design in China

At the background that existing colleges largely construct campuses,the paper has illustrated the importance,significance and function of college campus environmental landscape design,and factors affecting it.It considers that college campuses tend to be developed into green ecological campus,regional humanistic campus,and knowledge research campus.Finally,by taking the East Lake Campus of Zhejiang A & F University for example,the campus division planning and scientific achievements' application planning have been illustrated.

Research and Review on the Java Multi-thread Programming and Its Further Development Tendency

In this paper, we conduct research on the Java multi-thread programming and its further development tendency. Multithreading mechanisms can run several programs at the same time, make the program run effi ciency becomes higher that also can overcome the problem of basic traditional programming language design while its design is the key to the realization of the synchronous thread. Multithreading is a mechanism that allows concurrent execution of multiple instruction stream in the program, each instruction stream is called a thread, independent from each other between each other. Thread is also known as a lightweight process, it have independent execution and process control. Our research starts from the analysis of the corresponding mechanism to enhance the performance that is innovative and meaningful.

Research progress and development tendency on storage mechanism of multi-principal element alloys for hydrogen/tritium storage

Sustainable clean energy is gradually replacing traditional fossil energy sources in important industrial applications and is placing higher demands on the technologies of energy storage and transportation.The development of multi-principal element alloys(MPEAs)offers a new idea for safe solid-state hydrogen storage materials.Owing to the unique characteristics of complex components and severe lattice distortion,MPEAs are predicted to have better hydrogen storage performance and more probability for modulation and enhancement,allowing them to meet the requirements of different hydrogen storage applications.The unique structure characteristic potentially devotes the improvement of thermodynamic and kinetic performance,such as the hydrogen storage capacity and hydrogen adsorption/desorption properties.Recently,several important modulation factors originating from components and structures facilitate the understanding of the correlation between hydrogen storage properties and microstructure.Here,we highlight the correlations of hydrogen storage mechanism,with the degree of lattice distortion,the element variation or segregation and valence electron concentration.Moreover,the development tendency on the hydrogen storage mechanism based on the advanced microscopy and computational approach is proposed.Especially,the chemically short-range ordered structure in MPEAs is predicted as a potential modification factor of the hydrogen/tritium storage properties.

Development Tendency in Main Fields of Reading Researches

The last few decades have witnessed the publication of a considerable amount of empirical evidence supporting what Krashen has called "the power of reading"(Krashen,1993).There is a widespread approval that reading itself leads to better reading,better vocabulary,better writing,and better control of grammar in both first and second languages.In this article,the following research areas will be discussed,which can be mainly divided into the following 20 categories.

Historical Development in the Automotive Industries of Argentina and Turkey

It is possible to say that the automotive industries of Argentina,Brazil,and Turkey are each developed as an assembly industry and show great similarities to each other in this context.Since the 1980s,the development direction of the world automotive industry has been trying to make the country’s investment environment attractive for foreign international companies to produce in their countries in all three countries.However,with the 1980s,their adaptation to the flexible production system and other new technologies being implemented in the Japanese automotive industry took time,meaning that the learning time took a long time,and local contribution rates fell.This has made the slow development mechanism that has been going on since the past work even slower,and they have suffered the punishment for not being able to develop technologies in all three countries by falling behind in the automotive industry.In the 2000s,with technological advances in electric vehicles,when the use of electric vehicles began to become widespread,we can say that all three countries began to experience a new adaptation problem in the automotive industry more severely.In Turkey,this problem was experienced with all its weight along with the other country;in 2006,the policy of attracting foreign investment to the automotive industry was partially abandoned and the approach to producing domestic cars began to be considered,and in 2011,a decision was made to produce domestic cars.As of December 2019,a prototype of the domestic car has been produced by the automobile initiative group of Turkey and work has started for mass production.Thus,the problem of adaptation to the production of electric vehicles was desired to be overcome by moving to a new stage in the path of technology development.The South Korean automotive industry used this approach in the 1980s and was successful and soon gained the ability to develop technology.In order to see the success of the application of this method in Turkey,it is thought that it is necessary to wait for the result of the domestic car project.

Historical Development in Brazil and Turkish Automotive Industry

It is possible to say that the automotive industries of Brazil and Turkey have developed as assembly industries and showed great similarities in this context.In the 1980s,in line with the development direction of the world’s automotive industry,Turkey tried to make the country’s investment environment attractive for foreign international companies to produce in their country.We can say that while Brazil created the state incentive system in order to attract foreign investments to its country since the 1950s,it tried to increase its dose with the 1990s.Although,like Turkey,Brazil has thought of producing local cars,the difference between Turkey and Brazil is that it has considered exporting and was able to export not only to South America,but also to African countries.Another difference of Brazil is that it has implemented incentive policies for the automotive sector and has been able to rearrange its incentive elements according to changing conditions.Turkey,on the other hand,has decided to return from the policy of attracting foreign investments to its country since 2006,and in 2011,it was decided to produce domestic automobiles.As of December 2019,a prototype of the domestic car was produced by Turkey’s Automobile Initiative Group and work for mass production began.Thus,the problem of adaptation to electric vehicle production was tried to be overcome by moving to a new phase in the way of technology development.This approach was used by the South Korean automotive industry in the 1980s and it was successful and technology development capability was gained in a short time.In order to see the success of the application of this method in Turkey,it is thought that it is necessary to wait for the result of the domestic automobile project.Brazil,on the other hand,was able to rank high in world automotive industry production with its sectoral incentive policies that can adapt to changing conditions and its structure that considers exports from the past,while Turkey lagged behind.

Historical Development in Brazil and Turkish Automotive Industry and Innovation Policies

It is possible to say that the automotive industries of Brazil and Turkey have developed as assembly industries and show great similarities in this context.In the 1980s,in line with the development direction of the world’s automotive industry,Turkey tried to make the country’s investment environment attractive for foreign international companies to produce in the country.We can say that while Brazil created the state incentive system in order to attract foreign investments to its country since the 1950s,it tried to increase its dose with the 1990s.Although,like Turkey,Brazil has thought of producing local cars,the difference between Turkey and Brazil is that it has considered exporting and was able to export not only to South America,but also to African countries.Another difference of Brazil is that it has implemented incentive policies for the automotive sector and has been able to rearrange its incentive elements according to changing conditions.Turkey,on the other hand,has decided to return from the policy of attracting foreign investments to its country since 2006,and in 2011,it decided to produce domestic automobiles.As of December 2019,a prototype of the domestic car was produced by Turkey’s Automobile Initiative Group and work for mass production began.Thus,the problem of adaptation to electric vehicle production was tried to be overcome by moving to a new phase in the way of technology development.This approach was used by the South Korean automotive industry in the 1980s and it was successful and technology development capability was gained in a short time.In order to see the success of the application of this method in Turkey,it is thought that it is necessary to wait for the result of the domestic automobile project.Brazil,on the other hand,was able to rank high in world automotive industry production with its sectoral incentive policies that can adapt to changing conditions and its structure that considers exports from the past,while Turkey lagged behind.

A Case Study on Empathic Tendency of Academicians in the Context of Interpersonal Relations

The originating of this study is to examine the empathic tendency of academicians. Having empathic tendency means it is easy to understand the feelings of the others and keeping up with the rapidly globalizing world. The research consists of screening model. The Scale of Empathic Tendency （SET）, developed by DSkmen, was used as the data collection tool in this case study. In spite of not being taught, it is true that the education, cultural surroundings play a big role for the self development. Due to the relationship between impulse and response, interpersonal relations functions as multiple dimensions, one of which leads to empathic tendency. This study aims to make a survey on lecturers since they are the ones who play an important role for the pupils to be more successful in their future career. Total field under survey is 70 lecturers： Half of them are working at State and the other half at Private Universities in Istanbul, in Turkey. In spite of not observing big statistical differences between the two group Universities, according to Mann Whitney ＂U＂ test, it is so clear that having empathic tendency as lecturers affects classroom communication as the most important factor.This is the reason for the achievement of the students in their major. Furthermore, it gives an opportunity to get through the perception view of the others. This can give the perspective view of problem solving skills.

Oil and Gas Supply and Demand in China and Its Development Strategy

The paper makes a comprehensive prediction of China＇s future demand for oil and gas with two methods, i.e. the prediction method based on the demand for individual oil and gas products and the method for predicting the total demand. According to the demand prediction of, and the historical data on, the oil and gas consumption, we conduct an analysis of the oil and gas consumption trends, which can be described as six different development periods. On the other hand, the paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the domestic oil and gas resources and, on this basis, makes a basic prediction of the domestic output of oil and gas. The supply and demand situation is also analyzed. By using the SWOT analysis method, the paper puts forward the development strategies for China＇s oil and gas industry and gives some related strategic measures.

An analysis on present situation and development of Medical Delivery System in China

Objective:To explore the present situation and development of Medical Delivery System in China.Methods:The data in three Nation Health Service Investigations were compared and analyzed by applying literature meta-analysis,Delphi and cross-sectional investigation,etc.Results:The Medical Ser- vice resource develops fast,and public cost for medical treatment keeps increasing.Organization structure presents a vertical and flat trend.Inhabitant health level rises year by year,and it is hard to resolve the problem of potential medical demand transformed.Conclusion:Medical Delivery System in China has formed,but the development of Medical Service System still exists structural problems in the deeper lay- er.The development trend predicts that the supervision of the government is gradually reinforcing and community health service develops step by step.

The Change and Prospect of “Automobile Electromechanical Maintenance Skills Competition” under the Chinese Model

This paper analyzes the origin, status, changes and characteristics of theautomotive electromechanical maintenance skills competition in China,and presents the developing trend in the future.

Historical Development in Mexico and Turkish Automotive Industries

It is possible to say that each of the Mexican and Turkish automotive industries is developed as an assembly industry and shows great similarities to each other within this framework.However,due to its geographical proximity,the role of US-based automotive companies in the formation of the Mexican automotive industry has become greater,while the Ford Motor company,which entered the US automotive industry in Turkey,was able to take part only with the initiatives of the Otosan company in the 1960s.Another feature of the 1960s is that there were efforts to manufacture domestic cars in Turkey.Since the 1980s,in line with the direction of development of the world automotive industry,Turkey has been trying to make the country’s investment environment attractive for foreign international companies to produce in their countries.In Mexico,even with the possibility of reaching new markets by providing 1990 regional agreements NAFTA ruling party of the Mexican automotive industry,we can say that U.S.firms were largely determined by the direction of development,Turkey’s automotive industry development direction of the company is determined by the first European,then we can say that companies are becoming more efficient in the Far East countries.On the other hand,the US Ford Motor company considered it sufficient to be involved in the Turkey directly.Turkey has decided to return from the policy of attracting foreign investments to its country since 2006,and in 2011 it was decided to produce domestic cars.As of December 2019,a prototype of a domestic car has been produced by the Automobile Enterprise Group of Turkey and work has begun on mass production.Thus,the problem of adaptation to the production of electric vehicles was decided to be overcome by moving to a new stage on the way to technology development.This approach was used by the South Korean automotive industry in the 1980s and was successful,and the ability to develop technology was acquired in a short time.In order to see the success of the application of this method in Turkey,it is thought that it is necessary to wait for the result of the domestic automobile project.Mexico’s policy of opening up more to foreign investments has been successful since the 1990s,and Mexico has become the most productive country in Latin America,surpassing Brazil in automotive industry production.

Present State And Development Tendency of Research On Modern Theory of Sports Trainology

To different extents and the threeaspects of sports training principle,event group training theory and specif ic event training theory,the modern theory of sports training has achieved development and gradually formed, the theory system of competitive sports together with the learnings of sports ta1ents indentificaion,sports competition,and management of copetitive sports. The researches on the training of competitive ability, the process of sports training and the social factors affecting training competition has developed in depth, with some new reseach focuses having come into being. A wide,deep involvement of modern science and technology into the development of theory and prac tice of sports training has become an importannt phenomenon and a significant tendency.

Status Quo,Development,Tendency,and to be Solved Problems of Pilot Boat in China

Pilot boat is the main means and essential equipment of transport during ships transferring pilot.Ensuring pilot embarking or disembarking the ship on time is important for regulating port operation and ship’s safety.However,the pilot boat is a very small number of ship’s type whether domestic or abroad.This paper discusses the issues of pilot boat to be drawn attentions and solved,and proposes some recommendations for solving the pilot boat issues.