Ignition Pattern Analysis for Automotive Engine Trouble Diagnosis Using Wavelet Packet Transform and Support Vector Machines

Engine spark ignition is an important source for diagnosis of engine faults.Based on the waveform of the ignition pattern,a mechanic can guess what may be the potential malfunctioning parts of an engine with his/her experience and handbooks.However,this manual diagnostic method is imprecise because many spark ignition patterns are very similar.Therefore,a diagnosis needs many trials to identify the malfunctioning parts.Meanwhile the mechanic needs to disassemble and assemble the engine parts for verification.To tackle this problem,an intelligent diagnosis system was established based on ignition patterns.First,the captured patterns were normalized and compressed.Then wavelet packet transform（WPT） was employed to extract the representative features of the ignition patterns.Finally,a classification system was constructed by using multi-class support vector machines（SVM） and the extracted features.The classification system can intelligently classify the most likely engine fault so as to reduce the number of diagnosis trials.Experimental results show that SVM produces higher diagnosis accuracy than the traditional multilayer feedforward neural network.This is the first trial on the combination of WPT and SVM to analyze ignition patterns and diagnose automotive engines.

WEAR FAILURE MECHANISM AND MULTI-IMPACT PROPERTY OF AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE CHAIN

The multi-impact characteristics and failure mechanism of two kinds of automotive engine chain made in China are studied through engine assembly and road-drive tests. The worn surface morphologies of rubbing area between pin, bush and roller are also analyzed based on scanning electron microscope. The results show that the main wear mechanism of automotive engine chain is fatigue wear, and its failure mechanism is the forming, extending and flaking of cracks on top layer of pin and bush. In addition, the material, hot-treatment method and shaping technique for roller have a great influence upon the resistance to multi-impact. Ensuring sufficient strength and plasticity of roller, as well as adopting suitable shaping technique are the effective method to increase its resistance to multi-impact.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON HIGH-SPEED CHARACTERISTICS OF AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL-PUMP CHAIN

The high-speed multi-cycle impact and speed, load fluctuant characteristics of a kind of narrow-width automotive engine oil-pump chain 06BN-1 are studied through engine assembly and road-drive tests to satisfy the light-weight demand of engine. The worn surface morphologies of rubbing area between pin, bush and roller are also analyzed based on scanning electron microscope. The results show that the main wear mechanism of automotive engine oil-pump chain is fatigue wear, and it＇s failure mechanism is the forming, extending and flaking of cracks on top layer of pin and bush. Pin and bush both occurred cycle-soften phenomenon, and roller occurred cycle-harden. Fretting wear is one of the most important ＂fall to pieces＂ failure causes of automotive chain. Ensuring sufficient strength and plasticity of roller, as well as adopting suitable shaping technology are the effective methods to increase its resistance to multi-cycle impact.

Modelling of modern automotive petrol engine performance using Support Vector Machines

Modern automotive petrol engine performance is significantly affected by effective tune-up. Current practice of engine tune-up relies on the experience of the automotive engineer, and tune-up is usually done by trial-and-error method and then the vehicle engine is run on the dynamometer to show the actual engine performance. Obviously the current practice involves a large amount of time and money, and then may even fail to tune up the engine optimally because a formal performance model of the engine has not been determined yet. With an emerging technique, Support Vector Machines (SVM), the approximate per- formance model of a petrol vehicle engine can be determined by training the sample engine performance data acquired from the dynamometer. The number of dynamometer tests for an engine tune-up can therefore be reduced because the estimated engine performance model can replace the dynamometer tests to a certain extent. In this paper, the construction, validation and accuracy of the model are discussed. The study showed that the predicted results agree well with the actual test results. To illustrate the significance of the SVM methodology, the results were also compared with that regressed using multilayer feedforward neural networks.

Numerical Study on Application of CuO-Water Nanofluid in Automotive Diesel Engine Radiator

Application of CuO-water nanofluid with size of the nanoparticles of 20 nm and volume concentrations up 2% is numerically investigated in a radiator of Chevrolet Suburban diesel engine under turbulent flow conditions. The heat transfer relations between airflow and nanofluid coolant have been obtained to evaluate local convective and overall heat transfer coefficients and also pumping power for nanofluid flowing in the radiator with a given heat exchange capacity. In the present study, the effects of the automotive speed and Reynolds number of the nanofluid in the different volume concentrations on the radiator performance are also investigated. The results show that for CuO-water nanofluid at 2% volume concentration circulating through the flat tubes with Renf = 6000 while the automotive speed is 70 km/hr, the overall heat transfer coefficient and pumping power are approximately 10% and 23.8% more than that of base fluid for given conditions, respectively.

Exhaust gas energy recovery system of pneumatic driving automotive engine

Almost the same quantity to net output work of energy has been carried out and wasted by exhaust gas in typical automotive engine. Recovering the energy from exhaust gas and converting to mechanical energy will dramatically increase the heat efficiency and decrease the fuel consumption. With the increasing demand of fuel conservation, exhaust gas energy recovery technologies have been a hot topic. At present, many researches have been focused on heating or cooling the cab, mechanical energy using and thermo-electronic converting. Unfortunately, the complicated transmission of mechanical energy using and the depressed efficiency of thermo-electronic converting restrict their widely applying. In this paper, a kind of exhaust gas energy recovery system of pneumatic driving automotive engine, in which highly compressed air acts as energy storing and converting carrier, has been established. Pneumatic driving motor can produce moderate speed and high torque output, which is compatible for engine using. The feasibility has been certificated by GT-Power simulation and laboratory testes. The technologies about increasing recovery efficiency have been discussed in detail. The results demonstrated that the in parallel exhaust gas energy recovery system, which is similar to the compound turbo-charger structure can recovery 8 to 10 percent of rated power output. At last, a comprehensive system, which includes Rankine cycle based power wheel cycle unit etc., has been introduced.

Engineering Intelligent Racing Concepts Using Design Research Methods

The automotive seat market is positioned to significantly grow over the next five years. Research into how sensor implementation in every day driver cars can enhance driver wellness is becoming increasingly popular and visible in the automotive seat industry. However, in the competitive race car industry,?drivers prioritize driving ability over wellness. To further examine this phenomenon, the Human-Machine Interaction?Lab at the Georgia Institute of Technology took a unique approach to developing strong use cases for implementing sensor technology to improve driving ability for race car drivers by combining qualitative and quantitative research data obtained through modern design research and planning methodology. Following a process relying heavily on user-centered design methods, the authors developed a business case concept?for?a sensor-based seat accessory that acts as a competitive racer’s?driving coach?that is able to identify the mechanics of braking, turning, and accelerating through pressure sensors in the driver’s seat pan surface. This technology allows drivers to precisely understand when and how hard to brake, turn, or accelerate out of turns, thus reducing heat times and financial burden for drivers.

Adaptive Back-Stepping Control of Automotive Electronic Control Throttle

Back-stepping control (BSC), which is deemed effective for a non-holonomic system, is applied to improving both responsiveness and resolution performance of an electronic control throttle (ECT) used in automotive engines. This paper is characterized by the use of a two-step type BSC in a manner that achieves an improvement in responsiveness with the ETC operated in a fully opened state by adding a derivative term in Step 1 and the improvement in resolution performance with the ETC operated in a minutely opened state by adding an adaptive feature in the form of an integral term using the control deviation in Step 2. This paper presents an ECT control expressed as a second-order system including nonlinearities such as backlash of gear train and static friction in sliding area, a BSC system designed based on Lyapunov stability, and a determination method for control parameters. Also, a two-step type BSC system is formulated using Matlab/Simulink with a physics model as a control object. As a result of simulation analyses, it becomes clear that the BSC system can achieve quicker response because the derivative term works effectively and finer resolution because the adaptive control absorbs the error margin of the nonlinear compensation than conventional PID control.

Investigation into precision engineering design and development of the next-generation brake discs using Al/SiC metal matrix composites

Substantially lightweight brake discs with high wear resistance are highly desirable in the automotive industry.This paper presents an investigation of the precision-engineering design and development of automotive brake discs using nonhomogeneous Al/SiC metal-matrixcomposite materials.The design and development are based on modeling and analysis following stringent precision-engineering principles,i.e.,brake-disc systems that operate repeatably and stably over time as enabled by precision-engineering design.The design and development are further supported by tribological experimental testing and finite-element simulations.The results show the industrial feasibility of the innovative design approach and the application merits of using advanced metal-matrix-composite materials for next-generation automotive and electric vehicles.

概率融合的抗侧翻智能主动悬架控制研究

为了提升高质心车辆的侧倾稳定性和平顺性,降低车辆侧翻事故造成的伤亡率,提出一种基于概率融合隶属度函数构建理论的侧翻工况预测和控制方法。首先,通过采集车辆侧翻工况数据,选取车辆状态变量,基于影响权重确定与车辆侧翻相关的关键影响因子。其次,根据时间序列对数据进行时间片段划分,设计动态贝叶斯预测网络,对下一时间片段内车辆侧翻概率进行预测。最后,根据车辆性能参数与控制器参数的映射规则,建立概率融合的Takagi-Sugeno(T-S)模糊隶属度函数,设计车辆主动悬架抗侧翻鲁棒控制器。CARSIM/Simulink联合仿真结果表明,与被动悬架、半主动悬架、多目标控制主动悬架相比,所提方法可以平稳且高效地防止车辆侧翻,提升车辆行驶的安全性。

中国混合动力汽车动力总成技术进展

在国家政策与市场需求的双重驱动下,2021年以来,中国品牌混合动力汽车动力总成技术实现突破,围绕中国市场特点与消费者用车习惯推出一批具有中国特色、世界范围内领先的混合动力汽车产品。近期混合动力汽车市场销量呈爆发式增长,2023年中国市场混合动力乘用车销售超300万辆,同比增长83%。然而,受近年来汽车领域电动化浪潮影响,行业内尚存关于混合动力汽车仅为过渡性技术的观点,部分消费者对国产混动汽车技术产品力仍存质疑。为纠正对混合动力汽车的片面性、偏见性认识,该文围绕中国混合动力汽车动力总成技术路线展开,聚焦多样化的混动架构与专用化的核心部件,提出新的混合度定义作为动力总成电气化程度的统一评价标准,探讨国内外主流混动技术异同,剖析当下中国最前沿的混动技术特点与发展趋势,厘清中国混动汽车动力总成的发展脉络。研究表明:中国式混动汽车以大容量动力电池与插电式混合动力为技术特色,实现发动机、电机两大驱动动力源以及动力电池、增程系统两大动力能量源的灵活混合与优势互补。与纯内燃机车相比,得益于电驱动技术辅助,混合动力汽车聚焦提高发动机热效率、发动机高效区利用率以及整车燃油经济性。与纯电动车相比,混合动力汽车则基于发动机的增程发电,以高性价比和高便利度解决纯电动车的补能焦虑;并通过结合发动机直驱、变速器动力放大等机械驱动技术,以更低的硬件成本实现更稳定的强劲动力输出。混合动力汽车的独特优势使其作为长期性技术路线,将成为带动汽车产业向碳中和方向转型升级的关键,该文对当下市场的深度分析和未来趋势的理性推测将为中国混动技术的进一步发展提供有益参考。

智能汽车轨迹跟踪多目标显式模型预测控制

针对现有智能汽车轨迹跟踪控制算法难以同时保证跟踪精确性、横向稳定性、舒适性以及控制实时性的问题,提出了一种基于多目标优化和显式模型预测控制理论的轨迹跟踪控制策略(MO-EMPC)。首先,建立考虑跟踪精确性、横向稳定性、舒适性的多目标函数及约束。然后,针对传统MPC控制实时性低的问题,设计基于EMPC的多目标优化轨迹跟踪控制器,通过引入多参数二次规划(MPQP)理论,将反复在线优化求解过程转化为等价的分段仿射系统(PPWA),离线计算得到最优显式控制律以供实时控制调用,减少在线运算时间。最后,基于CarSim/Simlink联合仿真方法,将所设计控制器的轨迹跟踪多目标优化效果与MPC控制效果进行对比验证。研究结果表明,所提出的轨迹跟踪策略在保证良好的跟踪精度前提下,横向稳定性、舒适性方面的表现更优于MPC控制器,且算法在线运行速度提高56.63%。

汽车发动机的能效与环保性能研究

随着城市化进程的不断加快,越来越多的人选择汽车出行,汽车的生产和应用为人们的生活提供了极大的便利,但是由汽车尾气等所导致的环境污染问题也越来越严重。发动机作为汽车的核心部件,其决定着汽车的能效,同时其设计工作也关乎汽车环保性,因此汽车发动机能效与环保性兼具成为当前研究的重点,本文将一次为基础,对汽车发动机节能原理进行分析,提出汽车发动机保持能效和提升环保性的措施,以及未来发展趋势,旨在为相关人员提供参考借鉴价值。

基于应力等效关系的汽车零部件疲劳寿命预测模型

对于预测多级应力加载下的汽车零部件疲劳寿命,已有的相关非线性模型通常需要依赖大量的试验数据,或者较难选取合适的基准值,使得疲劳可靠性理论在汽车领域的应用存在一定局限性。针对此问题,基于材料疲劳寿命特性曲线,通过分析两级应力之间疲劳损伤转化过程,建立了一种考虑相邻载荷作用的等效转化关系,推导了两级、三级及更高应力等级情况下相邻应力之间的疲劳累积损伤等效公式和剩余疲劳寿命的表达式,进而提出了一种基于应力等效关系的疲劳寿命预测模型。该模型的计算过程仅需不低于两级应力的材料疲劳寿命试验结果。采用二级、三级、四级及五级应力加载试验数据,分别计算并对比了Miner模型、Manson模型、Subramanyan模型、Hashin模型及新模型的相对误差平均值和最大值,进一步汇总了两级至五级应力下各模型疲劳累积损伤与疲劳累积寿命的预测结果、各模型预测疲劳损伤与试验疲劳损伤之差的分布。结果表明,基于相邻载荷作用等效转化的新模型在疲劳寿命的整体预测结果优于Miner模型、Manson模型、Subramanyan模型及Hashin模型,可更为准确地应用于材料多级应力下的疲劳寿命/损伤预测。

汽车发动机冷却系统故障诊断及维修关键技术探索

文章首先阐述了汽车发动机冷却系统的概念,介绍了该系统的设计原理及工作特点,在此基础上总结了系统故障成因,综合分析了导致冷却系统故障的各种因素及其具体表现,针对这些情况,提出针对性的诊断和维修关键技术。这不仅能显著提升发动机的功率和效率,还能降低系统故障率,提高车辆的可靠性,同时实现安全、节能和延长发动机寿命的目标。

基于代理遗传优化的智能驾驶系统加速测试方法

提出了一种基于代理遗传优化的智能驾驶系统加速测试方法。首先,通过场景要素层次分析权值与优解区域特征改进参数采样模块中的拉丁超立方采样区间,实现了采样效率与优化效果的协同提升;其次,利用参数采样结果和重复度筛选机制增加遗传寻优模块的种群多样性,克服了传统遗传算法的局部收敛难题;然后,利用基于循环更新机制的代理筛选模块对场景测试结果进行预测,平衡了加速算法与代理模型应用之间的效率与精度矛盾;最后,搭建仿真平台在高维时序分解的前车变速场景下对待测智能驾驶系统进行加速测试与验证。结果表明,本文提出的方法可有效搜寻大量关键场景并提升测试效率。

汽车轻量化设计与制造综合实验课程思政建设的路径探索

课程思政是国家思想铸魂工程教育战略的关键举措,是传承中华优秀传统文化的重要途径,是助力行业突破技术封锁的客观需求,是高校落实全方位育人的必然选择,是推动研究生全面发展的本质要求。汽车轻量化设计与制造综合实验课程为车辆工程核心专业课,是学生步入汽车行业必备知识体系的重要组成部分。该文在阐释课程思政建设深刻内涵的基础上,总结课程思政建设过程中面临的现实困境,提出课程思政建设的思路与举措,以期为车辆工程专业相关课程的思政建设与教学提供借鉴和启示。

海拔高度对车用柴油发动机性能的影响

基于高原模拟试验台架开展不同海拔高度下柴油发动机的性能排放试验。结果表明:随着海拔高度的增加,进气质量流量减少,空气中氧气含量减少,对高转速和低转速下的最大扭矩输出有较大影响,但在中间转速下其影响较小;随着海拔高度的增加,缸内燃烧效率下降,做功能力下降;随着海拔高度的增加,排气烟度增大,其中在低转速、大负荷下烟度对海拔高度更为敏感;海拔高度为1900m时NO_(x)排放体积分数与平原基本相当,当海拔高度增加到2400m时,NO_(x)排放体积分数显著高于平原下的情况。

新工科背景下汽车专业《毕业实习》课程考核和评价体系的探索与研究

毕业实习是高职院校汽车专业教育的重要环节,给学生提前进入社会实践的机会,使学生在进入实际的社会工作环境后能尽快适应工作,增强竞争力。文章通过比较研究法分析国内多所高校的先进经验,针对当前汽车类毕业实习的主要问题提出具有针对性的策略和建议。

智能自动化技术在汽车工程中的应用

在当今时代,人工智能技术作为一项革新性的技术,已在汽车工程领域中得到了广泛的应用。这项技术的应用不仅改变了汽车工程的面貌,还为其带来了前所未有的机遇。本文从多个角度探讨人工智能技术在汽车工程中应用的必要性、存在的问题及提升策略,以期能够促进汽车工程智能化、自动化水平的提升,推动汽车产业长远健康发展。