This study was conducted using seeds in Petri dish containing agar medium in order to determine acetyl-CoA carboxylase （ACCase） herbicides resistance （R） in Avena sterilis that was grown in wheat fields at Adana p...This study was conducted using seeds in Petri dish containing agar medium in order to determine acetyl-CoA carboxylase （ACCase） herbicides resistance （R） in Avena sterilis that was grown in wheat fields at Adana province, Turkey. Seeds were collected from one large suspected field, where clodinafop-propargyl （Aryloxyphenoxypropionate “FOPs”） and pinoxaden （Phenylpyrazoline “DEN”） have been applied for many years. Susceptible （S） population was collected from the road side on the same region. Agar media of concentration 14 g/L was prepared and it was melted in microwave. Then the amount of 20 mL agar media was added into each Petri dish. Five seeds were placed on agar mediums containing discriminating dose of clodinafop and pinoxaden. Petri dishes were placed in growth incubator operating at 10 °C. After 15 d, both radicle and hypocotyl length were measured. The percentage of germinated seed and dose-response curves were determined. At these different concentration levels, there were more than 50% of R and less than 40% of S seed germinated for pinoxaden. However, for clodinafop, more than 60% of R and less than 50% of S seeds were germinated. At higher concentration levels, the populations of resistant and susceptible were not germinated for both herbicides. The resistance value of R population was then compared with that of the S biotype. From the resistance index （RI）, the population was more resistant to pinoxaden （7.43 for radicle and 2.47 for hypocotyl） than the clodinafop-propagyl （1.39 for radicle and 3.77 for hypocotyl）. The method provided a simple, quick and cost effective way to identify ACCase herbicides resistance in most grass weeds.展开更多
【目的】对一个水稻矮化剑叶卷曲突变体进行鉴定与基因定位,为水稻等禾谷类作物剑叶形态发育及分子改良奠定基础。【方法】在籼型水稻恢复系缙恢10号的甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)突变库中筛选到一个隐性矮化剑叶卷曲突变体,命名为dcfl1(dwarf an...【目的】对一个水稻矮化剑叶卷曲突变体进行鉴定与基因定位,为水稻等禾谷类作物剑叶形态发育及分子改良奠定基础。【方法】在籼型水稻恢复系缙恢10号的甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)突变库中筛选到一个隐性矮化剑叶卷曲突变体,命名为dcfl1(dwarf and curled flag leaf 1)。田间小区种植,全生育期内观察dcfl1和野生型的株型变化。苗期利用扫描电镜观察叶鞘内表皮细胞大小;孕穗期和抽穗期利用石蜡切片观察剑叶基部形态;开花期测定剑叶、倒2叶和倒3叶的叶绿素含量;成熟期考查株高、有效穗数、穗实粒数、结实率和千粒重等主要农艺性状。配制西农1A/dcfl1杂交组合,利用F1和F2群体进行遗传分析,并利用F2隐性群体进行基因定位。【结果】生育期内,突变体dcfl1都表现出矮化性状。dcfl1叶鞘内表皮细胞长度明显比野生型要短,达到了极显著水平。与野生型相比,穗长、倒1节间和倒2节间均显著变短,倒3节间和倒4节间无显著变化。抽穗期dcfl1剑叶的叶片和叶鞘连接处硬化,剑叶基部展开受阻,半边叶片向内卷曲,剑叶上部和中部正常,其他叶片也正常。农艺性状调查发现,dcfl1的有效穗数为14.24,极显著高于野生型的11.62,穗粒数、实粒数、结实率和千粒重等则无显著变化。此外,dcfl1的叶色略深,剑叶、倒2叶和倒3叶的叶绿素a含量均极显著高于野生型,类胡萝卜素含量也略有升高,但仅剑叶达到极显著差异水平,叶绿素b的含量则无显著变化。西农1A/dcfl1的F1群体中,株高和剑叶表型与野生型一致。F2群体中分离出正常和突变两种表型,突变表型与dcfl1类似,植株株高变矮,剑叶基部特异卷曲,说明矮化和剑叶基部特异卷曲是一对共分离性状。且两种表型分离比符合3﹕1,表明dcfl1突变型受1对隐性核基因控制。利用620株F2隐性单株,最终将DCFL1精细定位在第3染色体短臂In Del标记Ind03-11和Ind03-6之间78 kb的物理范围内,包含15个注释基因,为DCFL1的克隆和水稻剑叶形态发育机理研究奠定了基础。【结论】dcfl1是一个水稻矮化剑叶基部特异卷曲突变体,基因精细定位在第3染色体78 kb的物理范围内。展开更多
The use of productive cultivars with adaptability and stability and less demanding to fungicide use are critical to the sustainability of production factors. The objective of this work was to determine the per se perf...The use of productive cultivars with adaptability and stability and less demanding to fungicide use are critical to the sustainability of production factors. The objective of this work was to determine the per se performance of white oat cultivars and parameters of adaptability and stability on yield and grain quality in the proposition of cultivars more responsive in reducing the use fungicide. The study was conducted in Augusto Pestana, RS, Brazil, between the years 2010 and 2013. The experimental design was randomized blocks with six replicates, three with and three without fungicide. The study evaluated 14 white oat cultivars for yield and industrial capability. The white oat cultivars FAEM 4 Carlasul and URS Corona indicate high grain yield with stability and general adaptability, independent of chemical control. The cultivar URS Corona shows together high yield and thousand grain weight and hectoliter with general adaptability and stability in the absence of fungicide. Although no stability has been detected in industrial yield without the use of fungicides, cultivars of URS Charrua, URS Corona and URS Taura show high means with general adaptability.展开更多
The oat panicle components were changed by the forms of nitrogen use influencing productivity. The aim of the study was to determine the direct and indirect effects of oat panicle components on grain yield by N-fertil...The oat panicle components were changed by the forms of nitrogen use influencing productivity. The aim of the study was to determine the direct and indirect effects of oat panicle components on grain yield by N-fertilizer rates in succession systems of high and reduced release of N-residual. The study was conducted in the years 2013 and 2014 in a randomized complete block with four replications in a factorial 3 × 2, for nitrogen rates (30, 60 and 120 kg·ha<sup>-1</sup>) and oat cultivars (Barbarasul and Brisasul) the soybean/oat and corn/oat systems. The panicle weight and grain per panicle show greater sensitivity to the change of nitrogen rates. Grain yield was favored by the direct effect of harvest index panicle and indirect by grain weight per panicle. In the system soybean/ oat, the grain weight of panicle shows greater efficiency in promoting positive direct effects on grain yield.展开更多
文摘This study was conducted using seeds in Petri dish containing agar medium in order to determine acetyl-CoA carboxylase （ACCase） herbicides resistance （R） in Avena sterilis that was grown in wheat fields at Adana province, Turkey. Seeds were collected from one large suspected field, where clodinafop-propargyl （Aryloxyphenoxypropionate “FOPs”） and pinoxaden （Phenylpyrazoline “DEN”） have been applied for many years. Susceptible （S） population was collected from the road side on the same region. Agar media of concentration 14 g/L was prepared and it was melted in microwave. Then the amount of 20 mL agar media was added into each Petri dish. Five seeds were placed on agar mediums containing discriminating dose of clodinafop and pinoxaden. Petri dishes were placed in growth incubator operating at 10 °C. After 15 d, both radicle and hypocotyl length were measured. The percentage of germinated seed and dose-response curves were determined. At these different concentration levels, there were more than 50% of R and less than 40% of S seed germinated for pinoxaden. However, for clodinafop, more than 60% of R and less than 50% of S seeds were germinated. At higher concentration levels, the populations of resistant and susceptible were not germinated for both herbicides. The resistance value of R population was then compared with that of the S biotype. From the resistance index （RI）, the population was more resistant to pinoxaden （7.43 for radicle and 2.47 for hypocotyl） than the clodinafop-propagyl （1.39 for radicle and 3.77 for hypocotyl）. The method provided a simple, quick and cost effective way to identify ACCase herbicides resistance in most grass weeds.
文摘【目的】对一个水稻矮化剑叶卷曲突变体进行鉴定与基因定位,为水稻等禾谷类作物剑叶形态发育及分子改良奠定基础。【方法】在籼型水稻恢复系缙恢10号的甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)突变库中筛选到一个隐性矮化剑叶卷曲突变体,命名为dcfl1(dwarf and curled flag leaf 1)。田间小区种植,全生育期内观察dcfl1和野生型的株型变化。苗期利用扫描电镜观察叶鞘内表皮细胞大小;孕穗期和抽穗期利用石蜡切片观察剑叶基部形态;开花期测定剑叶、倒2叶和倒3叶的叶绿素含量;成熟期考查株高、有效穗数、穗实粒数、结实率和千粒重等主要农艺性状。配制西农1A/dcfl1杂交组合,利用F1和F2群体进行遗传分析,并利用F2隐性群体进行基因定位。【结果】生育期内,突变体dcfl1都表现出矮化性状。dcfl1叶鞘内表皮细胞长度明显比野生型要短,达到了极显著水平。与野生型相比,穗长、倒1节间和倒2节间均显著变短,倒3节间和倒4节间无显著变化。抽穗期dcfl1剑叶的叶片和叶鞘连接处硬化,剑叶基部展开受阻,半边叶片向内卷曲,剑叶上部和中部正常,其他叶片也正常。农艺性状调查发现,dcfl1的有效穗数为14.24,极显著高于野生型的11.62,穗粒数、实粒数、结实率和千粒重等则无显著变化。此外,dcfl1的叶色略深,剑叶、倒2叶和倒3叶的叶绿素a含量均极显著高于野生型,类胡萝卜素含量也略有升高,但仅剑叶达到极显著差异水平,叶绿素b的含量则无显著变化。西农1A/dcfl1的F1群体中,株高和剑叶表型与野生型一致。F2群体中分离出正常和突变两种表型,突变表型与dcfl1类似,植株株高变矮,剑叶基部特异卷曲,说明矮化和剑叶基部特异卷曲是一对共分离性状。且两种表型分离比符合3﹕1,表明dcfl1突变型受1对隐性核基因控制。利用620株F2隐性单株,最终将DCFL1精细定位在第3染色体短臂In Del标记Ind03-11和Ind03-6之间78 kb的物理范围内,包含15个注释基因,为DCFL1的克隆和水稻剑叶形态发育机理研究奠定了基础。【结论】dcfl1是一个水稻矮化剑叶基部特异卷曲突变体,基因精细定位在第3染色体78 kb的物理范围内。
文摘The use of productive cultivars with adaptability and stability and less demanding to fungicide use are critical to the sustainability of production factors. The objective of this work was to determine the per se performance of white oat cultivars and parameters of adaptability and stability on yield and grain quality in the proposition of cultivars more responsive in reducing the use fungicide. The study was conducted in Augusto Pestana, RS, Brazil, between the years 2010 and 2013. The experimental design was randomized blocks with six replicates, three with and three without fungicide. The study evaluated 14 white oat cultivars for yield and industrial capability. The white oat cultivars FAEM 4 Carlasul and URS Corona indicate high grain yield with stability and general adaptability, independent of chemical control. The cultivar URS Corona shows together high yield and thousand grain weight and hectoliter with general adaptability and stability in the absence of fungicide. Although no stability has been detected in industrial yield without the use of fungicides, cultivars of URS Charrua, URS Corona and URS Taura show high means with general adaptability.
文摘The oat panicle components were changed by the forms of nitrogen use influencing productivity. The aim of the study was to determine the direct and indirect effects of oat panicle components on grain yield by N-fertilizer rates in succession systems of high and reduced release of N-residual. The study was conducted in the years 2013 and 2014 in a randomized complete block with four replications in a factorial 3 × 2, for nitrogen rates (30, 60 and 120 kg·ha<sup>-1</sup>) and oat cultivars (Barbarasul and Brisasul) the soybean/oat and corn/oat systems. The panicle weight and grain per panicle show greater sensitivity to the change of nitrogen rates. Grain yield was favored by the direct effect of harvest index panicle and indirect by grain weight per panicle. In the system soybean/ oat, the grain weight of panicle shows greater efficiency in promoting positive direct effects on grain yield.
