Background: Concerns for bird collisions with wind turbines affect the deployment of onshore and offshore windpower plants.To avoid delays in consenting processes and to streamline the construction and operation phase...Background: Concerns for bird collisions with wind turbines affect the deployment of onshore and offshore windpower plants.To avoid delays in consenting processes and to streamline the construction and operation phase,functional mitigation measures are required which efficiently reduces bird mortality.Vision is the primary sensory system in birds,which for a number of species also includes the ultraviolet spectrum.Many bird species that are known to collide with offshore wind turbines are sensitive in the violet or ultraviolet spectrum.For species that are mainly active at lower ambient light levels,lighting may deter birds from the lit area.Utilizing(ultra)violet lights may in addition not disturb humans.However,we do not know whether UV-sensitive birds in flight actually respond behaviourally to UV lights.Methods: We therefore tested the efficacy of two types of lights within the violet(400 nm) and ultraviolet(365 nm) spectrum to deter birds from the lit area.These lights were placed vertically and monitored continuously between dusk and dawn using an avian radar system.Results: Relative to control nights,bird flight activity(abundance) was 27% lower when the ultraviolet light was on.Violet light resulted in a 12% decrease in overall abundance,and in addition,a vertical displacement was seen,increasing the average flight altitude by 7 m.Although temporal changes occurred,this effect persisted over the season below 40 m above sea level.Conclusions: Although the results from this pilot study are promising,we argue there still is a long way to go before a potentially functional design to mitigate collisions that has proven to be effective in situ may be in place.展开更多
鸟类扑动的翅膀产生的微多普勒包含了目标的尺寸与微动特征信息,可用于鸟类目标参数估计,对探鸟雷达目标识别具有重要意义。首先建立鸟类目标雷达回波模型,推导了鸟翅膀散射点的微多普勒数学表达式,并通过计算回波的自相关函数估计目标...鸟类扑动的翅膀产生的微多普勒包含了目标的尺寸与微动特征信息,可用于鸟类目标参数估计,对探鸟雷达目标识别具有重要意义。首先建立鸟类目标雷达回波模型,推导了鸟翅膀散射点的微多普勒数学表达式,并通过计算回波的自相关函数估计目标扑翼频率;然后对微多普勒表达式进行泰勒级数展开,利用展开系数与扑翼幅度之间的关系得到扑翼幅度的估计值;最后根据半翼展与微多普勒谱宽之间的关系得到半翼展的估计值。仿真实验证明了所提方法的有效性和抗噪性:对扑翼幅度大于30"、半翼展大于0.3 m的目标,在信噪比高于0 d B的噪声环境下估计精度高。展开更多
为满足鸟击问题中对鸟情全天候实时预报的需求,提出一种基于外辐射源雷达探鸟新技术的研究方案,并开展相关实验研究。首先简述探鸟雷达的研究现状,其次介绍外辐射源雷达的基本工作原理,最后对实验场景配置进行说明并展示初步实验结果。...为满足鸟击问题中对鸟情全天候实时预报的需求,提出一种基于外辐射源雷达探鸟新技术的研究方案,并开展相关实验研究。首先简述探鸟雷达的研究现状,其次介绍外辐射源雷达的基本工作原理,最后对实验场景配置进行说明并展示初步实验结果。实验结果表明,工作在特高频(Ultra High Frequency,UHF)频段的外辐射源雷达能够长时间对体长约30 cm以上鸟类目标进行跟踪定位,同时进一步说明外辐射源雷达技术是一种可行的飞鸟探测手段。该项技术的研发有助于为机场管理和鸟类生态学研究提供宝贵的鸟情数据。展开更多
基金executed as part of the Innovative Mitigation Tools for Avian Conflicts with wind Turbines(INTACT)projectfinanced by a consortium consisting of the Research Council of Norway(Grant 226241)Vattenfall,Statkraft,Statoil,Energy Norway,Tronder Energi Kraft,Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate and NINA
文摘Background: Concerns for bird collisions with wind turbines affect the deployment of onshore and offshore windpower plants.To avoid delays in consenting processes and to streamline the construction and operation phase,functional mitigation measures are required which efficiently reduces bird mortality.Vision is the primary sensory system in birds,which for a number of species also includes the ultraviolet spectrum.Many bird species that are known to collide with offshore wind turbines are sensitive in the violet or ultraviolet spectrum.For species that are mainly active at lower ambient light levels,lighting may deter birds from the lit area.Utilizing(ultra)violet lights may in addition not disturb humans.However,we do not know whether UV-sensitive birds in flight actually respond behaviourally to UV lights.Methods: We therefore tested the efficacy of two types of lights within the violet(400 nm) and ultraviolet(365 nm) spectrum to deter birds from the lit area.These lights were placed vertically and monitored continuously between dusk and dawn using an avian radar system.Results: Relative to control nights,bird flight activity(abundance) was 27% lower when the ultraviolet light was on.Violet light resulted in a 12% decrease in overall abundance,and in addition,a vertical displacement was seen,increasing the average flight altitude by 7 m.Although temporal changes occurred,this effect persisted over the season below 40 m above sea level.Conclusions: Although the results from this pilot study are promising,we argue there still is a long way to go before a potentially functional design to mitigate collisions that has proven to be effective in situ may be in place.
文摘鸟类扑动的翅膀产生的微多普勒包含了目标的尺寸与微动特征信息,可用于鸟类目标参数估计,对探鸟雷达目标识别具有重要意义。首先建立鸟类目标雷达回波模型,推导了鸟翅膀散射点的微多普勒数学表达式,并通过计算回波的自相关函数估计目标扑翼频率;然后对微多普勒表达式进行泰勒级数展开,利用展开系数与扑翼幅度之间的关系得到扑翼幅度的估计值;最后根据半翼展与微多普勒谱宽之间的关系得到半翼展的估计值。仿真实验证明了所提方法的有效性和抗噪性:对扑翼幅度大于30"、半翼展大于0.3 m的目标,在信噪比高于0 d B的噪声环境下估计精度高。
文摘为满足鸟击问题中对鸟情全天候实时预报的需求,提出一种基于外辐射源雷达探鸟新技术的研究方案,并开展相关实验研究。首先简述探鸟雷达的研究现状,其次介绍外辐射源雷达的基本工作原理,最后对实验场景配置进行说明并展示初步实验结果。实验结果表明,工作在特高频(Ultra High Frequency,UHF)频段的外辐射源雷达能够长时间对体长约30 cm以上鸟类目标进行跟踪定位,同时进一步说明外辐射源雷达技术是一种可行的飞鸟探测手段。该项技术的研发有助于为机场管理和鸟类生态学研究提供宝贵的鸟情数据。
