Application study of the awning measure to obstruct solar radiation in permafrost regions on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

With globe warming, road safety will change dramatically, especially within the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau permafrost regions. Because of higher elevation and better almospheric transparency, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has stronger radiation than other regions, which can change the daily variation of ground surface temperature on the Plateau. The awning measure （shading board） is one of the actively protected permafrost measures, which was adopted along the Qinghai-Tibet railway and highway and the Qing-Kang Highway in China. Field test results show that embankment surface month mean net radiation is 60-130 W/m2, but the value is below 20 W/m2 under the shading board, and the reducing level of naRn-al net radiation is 80%-90%. The shading board reduced the heat flow entering into the embankment by 80%,90% or more, with heat entering into the soil on the common embankment, but emitting from the embankment under the shading board. At the same time, ground surface temperature under the shading board is 6-8 ℃ lower than the exposed embankment. Test results show that the shading board measure can rapidly and effectively reduce net radiation and heat flow into the embankment, decrease embankment surface and interior temperature, effectively delay increase rate of soil temperature under globe warming, ensure stability and safety of the embankment, and guarantee unblocked road projects in cold and permafrost regions.

俞蛟《潮嘉风月》六篷船空间叙事研究

作为潮州嘉应地区水域繁盛一时的记忆,载妓六篷船存在于清代乾隆朝到光绪朝间,前后约一百五十年,如今已不复可见。清代俞蛟的文言小说《潮嘉风月》记录潮州嘉应地区韩江、梅江水域的风物特色,描绘六篷船上诸妓与士子商贾间的各类轶事,具有独特的地域文化价值。俞蛟笔下的载妓六篷船,既是叙事过程中的空间元素,在承载潮州工夫茶等民俗文化、推动情节发展以及塑造群体形象方面起到了重要作用;同时也是一个叙事空间整体,本身又被赋予了多层次的象征意味,在折射清中期士人心态的同时,也反映了岭南疍民群体悲欢离合的人生境遇。

Copy number variation of B1 controls awn length in wheat

Wheat awns contribute to photosynthesis and grain production.In this study,an F2population and F2:3families from a cross between the awned line 7D12 and the Chinese awnless variety Shiyou 20(SY20)were used to identify loci associated with awn length.Bulked-segregant RNA sequencing and linkage mapping identified a single dominant locus in a 0.3 cM interval on chromosome 5AL.Five genes were in the interval,including the recently cloned awn inhibitor B1.Although a single copy of the B1 gene was detected in 7D12,SY20 carried five copies of the gene.Increased copy number of B1 in SY20enhanced gene expression.Based on sequence variation among the promoter regions of five B1 gene copies in SY20,two dominant markers were developed and found to cosegregate with B1 in a population of 931 wheat accessions.All 77 awnless accessions harbored sequence variations in the B1 promoter regions similar to those of SY20 and thus carried multiple copies of the gene,whereas 15 randomly selected awned wheats carried only one copy.These results suggest that an increase in copy number of the B1 gene is associated with inhibition of awn length.

高粱芒基因Awn3.1的精细定位

为了确定高粱有、无芒表型的遗传特性,以无芒高粱品种Btx623和有芒品种7361为亲本做杂交,分析了F1植株和F2分离群体中的1 155个单株的芒性基因遗传规律,结果显示有芒性状是受1个隐性单基因Awn3.1控制的质量性状。利用覆盖高粱10条染色体的自行开发的250对SSR引物在两亲本间筛选多态性标记,利用这些标记和22个表型有芒的F2隐性单株对芒性基因进行初定位,将目标基因定位在第3号染色体SSR标记sm03100和sm03108之间,与两标记的遗传距离分别为11.4 cM和4.5 cM。为了进一步缩小定位区间,对亲本7361的相关区段进行了测序,与已公布的Btx623序列比对后设计了InDel标记,并把定位群体扩大到214个F2隐性单株。通过扩大群体和开发新的标记,将目的基因Awn3.1精细定位在标记InDel-1和InDel-2之间的约115 kb范围内。

Analysis of a Concrete Structure that Was Exposed to Fires in the Metropolitan Region of Recife

In large cities, news about fires in buildings are powered by problems such as old wiring and no maintenance. Accidents with chemicals and human error, which when added to the different characteristics of each fire and structures can generate the factors causing these disasters. The gradual rise in temperature causes a different effect in mortar and concrete parts, verifying the change in coloring provided to loss of mechanical strength and surface crumbling, cracking and disintegration of the structure itself. This paper presents a case study in which a building that is located in the metropolitan region of Recife was exposed to a fire situation. The metropolitan region of Recife is composed of several old buildings that by virtue of their age may have delayed construction methods, and may expose the fragility of the concrete used in its construction on a fire situation. The concrete structures are recognized by the good resistance to fire because of the thermal characteristics of the material, however, the temperature rise in the concrete elements in characteristic causes a reduction in strength and modulus of elasticity of the material, the loss in stiffness leading to polyphase degradation of reinforced concrete, structural parts can lead to ruin, but when properly sized and executed, the concrete can serve as a proactive agent to be exposed to high temperatures, as the same may be subjected to high temperatures accidentally or they may be part of their normal work.

Assessment of SNP and InDel Variations Among Rice Lines of Tulaipanji x Ranjit

Genotyping by sequencing(GBS) is the recent approach of next-generation sequencing technique for discovering and genotyping single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) in crop species. Genotypic variation studies(SNPs and insertion-deletions/In Dels) were performed using four rice lines based on GBS data by aligning to the reference genome Nipponbare. Local aromatic rice landrace Tulaipanji was crossed with Ranjit, and two distinct lines were identified from the progenies: one line with awns and aroma traits and the other without awns and aroma. Total number of SNPs and In Dels identified were 52 810 and 4 327 at read depth 10, respectively. Out of the total polymorphic SNPs/In Dels, 16 490 were intergeneric, 7 812 were inside gene, and 4 435 were intronic. Phylogenetically, Tulaipanji was closer to the reference genome nipponbare. Based on recurrent parent genome analysis, out of 10 013 alleles, 92.52% was introgressed into progeny-awn from Tulaipanji and 7.48% from Ranjit, whereas progeny-awnless carried 89.19% alleles from Ranjit and only 10.81% alleles from Tulaipanji. In addition, progeny-awn was the highest heterozygous(83.88%) and progeny-awnless was the least(2.24%) at this fifth generation of recombinant inbred lines. These SNP variations may be linked to the phenotypic traits and can be utilized in crop improvement through linkage mapping. These results suggest that adding a high density of SNP markers to a mapping or breeding population through GBS has a great value for numerous applications in rice breeding and genetics research.

Experience of Professor Shao Mingxi in treating knee osteoarthritis based on "Bin Si Xue" acupuncture

Objective: To introduce the clinical experience and treatment characteristics of Professor Shao Mingxi's acupuncture penetrating "Four Four Points" to treat knee osteoarthritis. Methods:By following the teacher's professor Shao Mingxi, he should learn to pierce "Four Points", collect their test cases for the diagnosis and treatment of knee osteoarthritis, and summarize their diagnosis and treatment experience and clinical characteristics. Results: The method of Professor Shao Ming-Xi's "Bin Si Xue" connected with four fingers push in treatment of knee osteoarthritis is notably effective. Conclusions: Professor Shao Mingxi's unique experience in treating knee osteoarthritis with acupuncture needles at "Four Points" The effect is remarkable, and the preliminary summary is summarized to inherit the experience of famous old Chinese medicine.

Efficacy and safety of awn needle in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation:A meta-analysis

Objective:To evaluate the intervention effect of awn needle in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation through meta-analysis.Methods:In CNKI,Wanfang Data,PubMed,VIP and other databases,we searched the clinical observation studies on the treatment of patients with lumbar disc herniation with awn needle.The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated using Cochrane 5.1.0 bias risk assessment criteria and Jadad scale.Revman 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis.Results:A total of 14 randomized controlled trials involving 1186 patients were included,with 595 in the awn needle treatment group and 591 in the control group.Meta-analysis showed that the awn needle treatment group was better than that of the control group in the total effective rate[RR=1.17;95%CI(1.12,1.22);Z=6.66;P<0.00001];the awn needle treatment group was better than the control group in ameliorating VAS score[WMD=-1.07,95%CI(-1.19,-0.95),Z=17.87,P<0.00001];the awn needle treatment group was better than the control group in ameliorating JOA score[WMD=3.18,95%CI(2.64,3.71),Z=11.57,P<0.00001];the awn needle treatment group was better than the control group in the amelioration of ADL score[SMD=2.44,95%CI(0.54,4.35),Z=2.52,P=0.01];the awn needle treatment group was better than the control group in the improvement of SLRT angle[WMD=12.71,95%CI(3.21,22.21),Z=2.62,P=0.009].Conclusion:Awn needle treatment can improve the total effective rate of patients with lumbar disc herniation,relieve the pain of patients,improve the straight leg elevation angle of patients,alleviate the disease development,relieve the symptoms,and improve the quality of life of patients.It is worthy of clinical application.

The TaTCP4/10-B1 cascade regulates awn elongation in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)

Awns are important morphological markers for wheat and exert a strong physiological effect on wheat yield.The awn elongation suppressor B1 has recently been cloned through association and linkage analysis in wheat.However,the mechanism of awn inhibition centered around B1 remains to be clarified.Here,we identified an allelic variant in the coding region of B1 through analysis of re-sequencing data;this variant causes an amino acid substitution and premature termination,resulting in a long-awn phenotype.Transcriptome analysis indicated that B1 inhibited awn elongation by impeding cytokinin-and auxinpromoted cell division.Moreover,B1 directly repressed the expression of TaRAE2 and TaLks2,whose orthologs have been reported to promote awn development in rice or barley.More importantly,we found that TaTCP4 and TaTCP10 synergistically inhibited the expression of B1,and a G-to-A mutation in the B1 promoter attenuated its inhibition by TaTCP4/10.Taken together,our results reveal novel mechanisms of awn development and provide genetic resources for trait improvement in wheat.

越府艺都——浅析绍兴大剧院的文化及生态理念

文章从构思、立意、功能、空间、环境和设备等方面详尽介绍了绍兴大剧院的设计。重点阐明了在建筑创作中设计者们对地域文脉特色的追求和生态环保理念的贯彻。

An-2 Encodes a Cytokinin Synthesis Enzyme that Regulates Awn Length and Grain Production in Rice

A wide range of morphological and physiological traits have changed between cultivated rice Oryza sativa and wild rice Oryza rufipogon under domestication. Here, we report cloning of the An-2 gene, encoding the Lonely Guy Like protein 6 （OsLOGL6）, which catalyzes the final step of cytokinin synthesis in O. rufipogon. The near-isogenic line harboring a wild allele of An-2 in the genetic background of the awnless indica Guangluai 4 shows that An-2 promotes awn elongation by enhancing cell division, but decreases grain production by reducing grains per panicle and tillers per plant. We reveal that a genetic variation in the An-2 locus has a large impact on reducing awn length and increasing tiller and grain numbers in domesticated rice. Analysis of gene expression patterns suggests that An-1 reg- ulates the formation of awn primordial, and An-2 promotes awn elongation. Nucleotide diversity of the An-2 locus in cultivated rice was found to be significantly reduced compared with that of wild rice, suggesting that the An-2 locus was subjected to artificial selection. We therefore propose that the selection of genetic variation in An-2 was due to reduced awn length and increased grain yield in cultivated rice.

水稻长芒基因LA1(Long Awn 1)的遗传分析与基因定位

为研究水稻芒的遗传调控机制,本研究在‘日本晴’/‘93-11’染色体片段代换系群体中筛选出一个长芒材料‘CSSL14’,研究了其主要农艺性状和长芒的遗传方式,并对长芒基因LA1进行了基因定位。结果表明‘CSSL14’的芒长、芒着生率、分蘖数和单株产量与‘93-11’存在极显著(p<0.01)或显著(p<0.05)差异,分别为‘93-11’的2.98倍、2.82倍、0.68倍和0.76倍。遗传分析表明‘CSSL14’的长芒表型受一对半显性基因LA1控制。通过图位克隆的方法,将LA1定位在第4染色体长臂标记M3和M4之间12.14 kb的范围内,该定位区间内只有1个预测的候选基因Os04g0518800,与已知的野生稻长芒基因An-2/LABA1等位。本研究结果为进一步研究LA1的功能提供了参考。

Gene duplication drove the loss of awn in sorghum.

Loss of the awn in some cereals including sorghum is a key transition during cereal domestication or improvement that has facilitated grain harvest and storage.The genetic basis for the loss of awn in sorghum during domestication or improvement remains unknown.Here,we identified a transcription factor gene awn1 encoding an ALOG domain,which is responsible for awn loss during sorghum domestication or improvement.awn1 arose from a gene duplication from chromosome 10 that translocated to chromosome 3,recruiting a new promoter from the neighbouring intergenic region filled with"noncoding DNA",and recreating the first exon and intron.The awn1 acquires high expr`ession after duplication and represses the elongation of awns in domesticated sorghum.Comparative mapping revealed a high collinearity at awn1 paralog locus on chromosome 10 across cereals and awn growth and development was successfully reactivated on the rice spikelet by inactivating rice awn1 orthologue.Further RNA-seq and DAP-seq revealed that as a transcription repressor,AWN1 directly bound to the motif in the regulatory regions from three MADS genes related to flower development and two genes DL and LKS2 for the development of awn,downregulated the expressions of these genes,and then repressed the elongation of awn.The preexistence of regulatory elements in the neighbouring intergenic region of awn1 before domestication signified that noncoding DNA may serve as a treasure trove for evolution during adaptation to a changing world.Our results supported that gene duplication can promptly drive the evolution of gene regulatory network.