Numerical Study of Solid-Liquid Two-Phase Flow in Stirred Tanks with Rushton Impeller (Ⅰ) Formulation and Simulation of Flow Field

The critical impeller speed, N_(JS), for complete suspension of solidparticles in the agitated solid-liquid two-phase system in baffled stirred tanks with a standardRushton impeller is predicted using the computational procedure proposed in Part Ⅰ. Three differentnumerical criteria are tested for determining the critical solid suspension. The predicted N_(JS)is compared with those obtained from several empirical correlations. It is suggested the mostreasonable criterion for determining the complete suspension of solid particles is the positive signof simulated axial velocity of solid phase at the location where the solid particles are mostdifficult to be suspended.

Numerical Simulation of Gas-Liquid Flow in a Stirred Tank with a Rushton Impeller

The gas-liquid flow field in a stirred tank with a Rushton diskturbine, including the impeller region, was numerically simulatedusing the improved inner-outer iterative procedure. Thecharacteristic features of the stirred tank, such as gas cavity andaccumulation of gas at the two sides of wall baffles, can be capturedby the simulation. The simulated results agree well with availableexperimental data. Since the improved inner-outer iterative algorithmdemands on empirical formula and experimental data for the impellerregion, and the approach seems generally applicable for simulatinggas-liquid stirred tanks.

Effect of pitched short blades on the flow characteristics in a stirred tank with long-short blades impeller

This work focuses on the design improvement of the long-short blades(LSB)impeller by using pitched short blades(SBs)to regulate the flow field in the stirred vessel.After mesh size evaluation and velocity field validation by the particle image velocimetry,large eddy simulation method coupled with sliding mesh approach was used to study the effect of the pitched SBs on the flow characteristics.We changed the inclined angles of the SBs from 30°to 60°and compared the flow characteristics when the impeller was operated in the down-pumping and up-pumping modes.In the case of down-pumping mode,the power number is relatively smaller and vortexes below the SBs are suppressed,leading to turbulence intensification in the bottom of the vessel.Whereas in the case of up-pumping mode,the axial flow rate in the center increased significantly with bigger power number,resulting in more efficient mass exchange between the axial and radial flows in the whole vessel.The LSB with 45°inclined angle of the SBs in the up-pumping mode has the most uniform distributions of flow field and turbulent kinetic energy compared with other impeller configurations.

CFD Prediction of Mean Flow Field and Impeller Capacity for Pitched Blade Turbine

This work focused on exploring a computational fluid dynamics(CFD)method to predict the macromixing characteristics including the mean flow field and impeller capacity for a 45° down-pumping pitched blade turbine(PBT)in stirred tanks. Firstly, the three typical mean flow fields were investigated by virtue of three components of liquid velocity. Then the effects of impeller diameter(D)and off-bottom clearance(C)on both the mean flow field and three global macro-mixing parameters concerning impeller capacity were studied in detail. The changes of flow patterns with increasing C/D were predicted from these effects. The simulation results are consistent with the experimental results in published literature.

Study on the solid-liquid suspension behavior in a tank stirred by the long-short blades impeller

We investigated the solid–liquid suspension characteristics in the tank with a liquid height/tank diameter ratio of 1.5 stirred by a novel long-short blades(LSB) impeller by the Euler granular flow model coupled with the standard k–ε turbulence model. After validation of the local solid holdup by experiments,numerical predictions have been successfully used to explain the influences of impeller rotating speed,particle density, particle size, liquid viscosity and initial solid loading on the solid suspension behavior,i.e. smaller particles with lower density are more likely to be suspended evenly in the liquid with higher liquid viscosity. At a low impeller rotating speed(N), increase in N leads to an obvious improvement in the solid distribution homogeneity. Moreover, the proposed LSB impeller has obvious advantages in the uniform distribution of the solid particles compared with single Rushton turbine(RT), dual RT impellers or CBY hydrofoil impeller under the same power consumption.

NUMERICAL SIMULATION BY COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON STIRRED BIOREACTOR WITH PUNCHED IMPELLER

Instantaneous flow field and temperature field of the two-phase fluid are measured by particle image velocimetry （PIV） and steady state method during the state of onflow. A turbulent two-phase fluid model of stirred bioreactor with punched impeller is established by the computational fluid dynamics （CFD）, using a rotating coordinate system and sliding mesh to describe the relative motion between impeller and baffles. The simulation and experiment results of flow and temperature field prove their warps are less than 10% and the mathematic model can well simulate the fields, which will also provide the study on optimized-design and scale-up of bioreactors with reference value.

双层三窄叶旋桨搅拌槽内流场特性研究

以甘油-水溶液为流动介质,采用计算流体动力学和粒子图像测速技术相结合的方法,针对双层三窄叶旋桨搅拌槽,研究了旋桨参数离底距C_(1)、桨间距C_(2)及转速N对槽内流场特性的影响。结果表明,随着C_(1)的增大,下层桨叶的推动作用先增强后减弱,在C_(1)=0.25h(h为槽内液位高度)时槽底流体混合状态最佳。在C_(2)=0.24h时,上层旋桨影响区域形成高速涡旋,槽内两层旋桨桨叶间的流体流动状态最佳。在N=120 r/min时,槽内流体的湍动能及流速分布均较均匀,能耗较低。

改进型三斜叶-Rushton组合桨槽内流场特性的粒子图像测速技术

通过粒子图像测速技术(PIV)对装配三斜叶-Rushton组合桨搅拌槽内流场进行了实验研究,在甘油-水溶液中研究了该组合桨在不同转速N、离底距C_(1)以及桨叶间距C_(2)时的槽内流场变化情况。研究结果表明:当转速N=100 r·min^(-1)时,上桨叶区的混合效果有所改善,桨叶间速度分布相对均匀;当离底距C_(1)=0.3H时,上桨叶区低速区域最小,搅拌槽内的混合效果达到最佳;当桨间距C_(2)=0.25H时,上桨叶区的低速区得到改善,混合效果有所提升,两桨叶间速度分布趋于平稳有利于混合和传质。

无挡板CSTR内部流场及颗粒分布的CFD模拟研究

为探究无挡板连续搅拌式反应釜(CSTR)内部流场分布及颗粒运动情况,采用计算流体力学(CFD),在欧拉-拉格朗日模型的基础上对三种搅拌釜工况进行了研究分析。同时,探讨了粒径为100,300和500μm的颗粒在各个工况下的混合情况。研究表明:在时间为0~100 s时,初始搅拌釜内颗粒的平均速度相较于初始时增加了39.22%,达到了1.4797 m/s,搅拌釜内的流场平均速度为1.7372 m/s,颗粒的平均速度与流场速度呈现相近的趋势;搅拌桨位于罐内中间位置时,颗粒分布最为均匀;采用双层搅拌桨时,颗粒速度得到了显著的提升,最大颗粒速度可达到4.2383 m/s。

双层改进型推进式搅拌桨桨间距对 搅拌槽内流场的影响

采用粒子图像测速技术对不同桨间距C_(2)下双层改进型推进式搅拌桨槽内流场特性进行实验研究,并分别采用大涡模拟模型、标准k-ε模型以及RNGk-ε模型对搅拌槽内流场进行模拟预测。研究结果表明,桨间距C_(2)对搅拌槽内流型及速度分布有较大影响。当C_(2)=0.23H(H为液位高度)时,受上桨排出和卷吸作用的影响,下桨区域的旋涡无法成型,搅拌槽内物料混合效果不佳;当C_(2)=0.26H时,上桨叶区的高速区域较C_(2)=0.23H时增大了20%左右,下桨叶区高速区域增大了近25%,下桨叶区开始形成区域自循环;当C_(2)增大到0.29H时,两桨间逐渐出现低速旋涡和流动死区,同时混合效率降低。对比r/T(r/T为周向距离比)=0.4处的无因次化速度分布,发现采用大涡模拟模型得到的模拟结果与搅拌槽内流场的实验结果更接近。研究结果可为双层改进型推进式搅拌桨的实际应用提供参考。

穿流-四斜叶组合桨桨间距对搅拌槽内流场特性的影响

基于计算流体力学中的大涡模拟方法,对不同桨间距C_(2)下的穿流-四斜叶组合桨搅拌槽内的流动特性进行了模拟分析,并采用粒子成像测速技术进行了实验对比研究。研究结果表明,桨间距对两桨叶之间的连接流作用及整体混合效果的影响较大。C_(2)=0.24H(H为搅拌槽高度)时两桨叶之间的连接流较为稳定,但搅拌槽上层区域流动较差;当C_(2)增大到0.29H时,搅拌槽内两搅拌桨间的连接流呈现S型,整体的混合能力更强;当C_(2)增大到0.34H时,两桨叶间的连接流能力减弱,且搅拌槽内的流型依据搅拌桨位置分化为上下2个较大的局部混合区域。

轴流式搅拌器湍流运动特性

Single-phase flow patterns generated by axial impeller are investigated by 3D Particle Dynamic Analyzer. Mean flow and turbulence intensities are measured for the impeller zone and the bulk regions. The effect of D/T and blade tip angle on flow pattern is studied as well. The measured results show that the flow in impeller zone oscillates periodically at the frequency of blade sweep. The flow patterns generated by different ratios of impeller diameter to tank diameter impeller are approximately the same below impellers,but a small second recirculation loop is formed in the upper part of vessel at the ratio of impeller diameter to tank diameter D/T=0.35.

轴流式翼型桨的流动分析

采用激光多普勤测速仪，对水、甘油和羧甲基纤维素（ＣＭＣ）三种介质中带有轴流式翼型桨的搅拌釜内的流场进行测定。并就流型转变、剪切速率、表观粘度分布和泵送能力进行了详细的研究和分析。结果表明，搅拌釜内流型仅随雷诺数和桨叶结构变化；剪切速率及表观粘度在全釜分布相当不均匀，在研究范围内，剪切速率相差５０倍，表观粘度为４．５倍；对粘稠物系，翼型桨泵送能力有所下降，并随雷诺数的减小而减小。

偏心空气射流双层桨搅拌反应器流场结构的分形特征

搅拌槽内流场分为混沌混合区和隔离区。为提高搅拌槽内流体的混合效率、降低搅拌过程的能耗,调控流场结构特征是重要的途径。结合图像处理软件,实验研究了偏心空气射流双层桨搅拌槽内空气-水体系的流场结构分形维数的变化规律。实验结果表明,流场结构分形维数受搅拌转速和空气流速的共同作用;偏心空气射流能改变流场结构分形维数,使流体混沌混合特性增强;机械搅拌转速增大,能改变射流场的拟序结构,提高气液混合效率。

搅拌槽内三维流场的数值模拟

应用商业计算流体力学软件CFX对搅拌槽内的流场进行了模拟 ,并与PIV测试结果进行了比较 ,流型吻合良好 .速度分量的对比结果表明不同情况与各种模型的吻合情况不尽相同 ,标准k ε双方程模型、RNGk

多层新型桨搅拌槽内气-液两相流动的实验与数值模拟

对三层新型组合桨气-液两相搅拌槽内的流体流动进行了实验研究,并采用计算流体力学(CFD)的方法对气-液两相搅拌槽的通气搅拌功率、流场、局部气含率及总体气含率进行了数值模拟,数值模拟采用了欧拉-欧拉方法,数值模拟结果与实验值吻合良好,同时考察了通气流量和搅拌转速对通气搅拌功率和气含率的影响规律.研究结果表明,欧拉-欧拉方法能较好地模拟搅拌槽内气-液两相流的流动状况.

椭圆底封头十字形挡板搅拌釜内流场研究

以底部椭圆形封头十字形挡板搅拌反应釜为研究对象,采用Fluent软件分析搅拌桨流型、离底高度、直径、底部加装挡板及其高度和长度对该搅拌釜内流场的影响,利用标准k-ε湍流模型对其在单相流体水中产生的流场进行模拟。开展搅拌轴转矩的试验研究,并与模拟值进行对比。研究表明,径向流搅拌桨更适合于底部加装挡板搅拌釜流场的研究。与六直叶圆盘涡轮搅拌桨相比,六直叶开启涡轮搅拌桨更有利于反应釜内物料的悬浮及混合。搅拌桨离底高度取0.7倍液面高比0.6倍更合适。搅拌桨直径越大,轴向速度越大,反应釜中心部位形成的螺旋向上轴向流越明显。在十字形挡板高度或长度固定时,搅拌桨下部区域中心部位的轴向速度比其他部位大,搅拌釜内上桨、下桨叶区将形成一个循环。同等条件下,随着搅拌转速不断增大,搅拌轴转矩随之增大。搅拌轴转矩的模拟值与试验值的相对误差在10%左右,两者具有很好的一致性。

变速搅拌混沌混合的PIV试验研究

针对搅拌槽内部的流体混合在湍流状态不成问题,但当流体处于层流状态下如何提高混合效率的实际问题,为提高层流状态下搅拌槽内流体的混合效率,采用混沌混合使叶轮以变转速做周期性运动。利用粒子图像测速技术对层流搅拌槽变速混沌混合流场进行试验研究,对所测得的粒子图像采用相应图像处理软件处理。得到了六个不同角度处流体径向速度分布云图,并对比分析变速搅拌与常速搅拌混合流场速度分布曲线的不同。试验结果表明,叶轮变转速运动时,搅拌槽内径向速度范围宽,扰动区域大,说明变转速运动比常转速运动的搅拌混合效果好、搅拌效率高。所做研究对充分认识变速层流搅拌诱发混沌混合的机理,为大型层流混沌混合搅拌槽的设计提供指导性建议,具有重要理论意义及实际应用价值。

两级动叶可调轴流风机内流特征的数值模拟

采用Fluent软件对某600MW机组配套的两级动叶可调轴流一次风机进行了全三维定常数值模拟,分析了风机第一、第二级叶轮内流特征和动叶安装角对风机性能的影响.结果表明:第二级叶轮出口总压整体呈现高压区和次高压区交替分布的特征,且比第一级叶轮的对称性差;第一、第二级叶轮叶片压力面、吸力面的总压和静压分布规律相似;第二级叶轮叶片压力面和吸力面相应位置上的静压值均大于第一级叶轮叶片;随着动叶安装角的增大,第一、第二级叶轮的总压升系数和静叶的扩压系数均增大,且第二级叶轮大于第一级叶轮,表明第二级叶轮的做功能力和静叶的扩压能力均比第一级叶轮的大.

应用SSTk-ω湍流模型计算Rushton搅拌釜流场

应用SSTkω-湍流模型对Rushton搅拌釜流场进行了计算,并与文献报道实验数据以及标准k-ε模型、RNGkω-模型预测结果进行了比较。结果表明SSTkω-模型所计算的排除流量准数与实验值相差较小,桨叶区速度场与实验数据吻合较好,略优于标准k-ε模型,同时也给出了近壁区的计算结果。在湍动动能的预报上,SSTk-ω模型值与标准k-ε模型比较接近,优于RNGkε-模型,但与实验值都还不同程度地存在着一些差异。