Numerical and Experimental Investigation of High-efficiency Axial-flow Pump

The experimental investigation of axial-flow pump has been rapidly developed to meet the needs of South-to-North Water Diversion Project of China. Owing to the boundary conditions of hub, blade tip clearance, much of the physical phenomena and laws involved in this complex flow field can＇t be fully determined. The flow characteristics of the high efficiency axial-flow pump have been simulated by RNG k-e turbulence model and SIMPLEC arithmetic based on FLUENT software. Numerical results indicate that the data from the prediction show agreement with the experimental results, static pressure on pressure side of blades increases slightly at circumferential direction with radius increasing, and keep almost constant at the same radial while increasing gradually from inlet to exit on the suction side along flow direction at design conditions. The static pressure, total pressure and velocity at inlet, impeller outlet and vane outlet were measured by a five-hole probe, and a contrastive experiment was done to investigate the influence of hub leakage. The experimental results show that inlet flow is almost axial and the prerotation is very small at various conditions. The meridional velocity and circulation distribution are almost identical at impeller outlet at design conditions due to steady flow and high efficiency. The residual circulation exits at downstream of the guide vane, and the circumferential velocity component increases linearly from hub to tip at small flow rate conditions. Hub leakage in adjustable blades results in the decrease of the meridional velocity and circulation at blade exit near hub. The results of numerical simulation and experiments supply important flow structure information for the high-efficiency axial-flow pump.

A prediction method of operation trend for large axial-flow fan based on vibration-electric information fusion

As the critical equipment,large axial-flow fan(LAF)is used widely in highway tunnels for ventilating.Note that any malfunction of LAF can cause severe consequences for traffic.Specifically,fault deterioration is suppressed tremendously when an abnormal state is detected in the stage of early fault.Thus,the monitoring of the early fault characteristics is very difficult because of the low signal amplitude and system disturbance(or noise).In order to overcome this problem,a novel early fault judgment method to predict the operation trend is proposed in this paper.The vibration-electric information fusion,the support vector machine(SVM)with particle swarm optimization(PSO),and the cross-validation(CV)for predicting LAF operation states are proposed and discussed.Finally,the results of the experimental study verify that the performance of the proposed method is superior to that of the contrast models.

Multi-point airfoil optimization for axial-flow fan

Airfoil is the element of fan blade design. It is strongly anticipated to design a fan of ave- raged high performance over a wide operation range. Multi-point optimization design of airfoil for axial flow fan was proposed over specific operation range. Weighted objective function of airfoil lift-drag ratio was constructed for several operation points around the designing one. Airfoil was defined by parametric B-spline curve of limited shape controlling points. Results show that normal standard airfoils have remained spaces to be optimized under specific operation conditions. Airfoil performance is sensitive to flow′s Reynolds number and cascade solidity. Predicting flow transition along airfoil profile is essential to search for optimized one. Optimized airfoil of wide operation range is possible to obtain with prescribed fitness function. Obtainments of multi-point optimization may be relatively lower at design point, but positive obtainments are achieved at off-design ones. Resulted airfoil is specially suitable for axial flow fans operating frequently at off-design point such as air condition coolers.

Hybrid URANS/LES Method of Flow Fields in Axial-flow Compressor Rotor Rotor

Accurate and efficient prediction of the aerodynamic performance and flow details of axial-flow com-pressors is of great engineering application value for the aerodynamic design and flow control of axial-flow compres-sors.In this work,a delayed detached eddy simulation method is developed and applied to numerically simulate the tur-bulent channel flow and the aerodynamic performance of NASA Rotor 35.Several acceleration techniques including parallel implementation are also used to speed up the iteration convergence.The mean velocity distribution and Reyn-olds stress distribution in the boundary layer of turbulent channel flow and the aerodynamic performance curve of NASA Rotor 35 are predicted.The good agreement between the present delayed detached eddy simulation results and the available direct numerical simulation results or experimental data confirms the effectiveness of the developed meth-od in the accurate and efficient prediction of complex flow in turbomachinery.

凯斯Axial-Flow~30系列轴流滚筒联合收割机

182年前，凯斯（CASEIH）发明了收获机械；37年前，凯斯发明了轴流滚筒联合收割机。凯斯机械的高品质使其成为行业中同类产品在收获质量、谷物损失、作物适应性、使用简便性、机器作业效率和产品保值方面的标杆。

凯斯Axial-Flow~轴流滚筒联合收割机

183年前,凯斯（Case IH）发明了收割机;37年前,凯斯创立了轴流滚筒收获技术;今天,凯斯轴流滚筒联合收割机在收获质量、谷物损失、作物适应性、使用简便性、作业效率和产品保值方面,已成为全球收割机行业的标杆。●采用凯斯轴流滚筒设计,收获质量更高;●可以收获玉米、大豆、水稻、小麦等多种农作物,适应性更强;●采用凯斯技术设计,整机结构更轻,低湿地的通过性更好,油耗率更低;●驾驶室宽敞舒适,多功能手柄操作简单,让驾驶员集中精力进行田间收获。

凯斯Axial-Flow6140轴流滚筒联合收割机——品质传承 性能优异

凯斯作为农机行业领导品牌,拥有悠久的历史。20世纪40年代,麦考密克收割机和凯斯脱粒机的推出彻底改变了机械收获过程,收获机械也因此成为凯斯的拳头产品。

Investigation of Stator Wake Variability in Single Stage Axial-Compressor

In this paper, we investigate the stator wake variability along the axial direction under different rotating speeds and mass flow conditions, in the terms of wake-core position, wake depth, wake width and wake velocity gradient. Experimental study is carried out in a single stage axial compressor by using Hot-wire Anemometer (HWA). Simultaneously, the numerical calculation is brought out in the same experiment rig. Firstly, we analyze the time-averaged velocity and radial vorticity at different axial positions, and explore the wake variability along the axial direction. Then, we present the effects of operation conditions on the wake-core position, and find out the inlet Mach number and incident angle are both the key influence factors of the wake-core position. Finally, we summarize four preliminary conclusions of the wake variability.

Experimental study on inlet vortex in pump sump

In order to study the mechanism of the vortex generation at the bottom of the pump sump below the flare tube,twenty pressure pulsation monitoring points were arranged at the bottom of the pump sump below the flare tube,and the pressure fluctuation experiments were carried out under different flow conditions.The experimental results show that the frequency of pressure fluctuation at the bottom of the pump sump is twice of the rotational frequency of the impeller blade.The vortex below the flare tube is easy to generate under the large flow conditions and mainly concentrates at the right front position below the flare tube.The position of the vortex occurring is corresponding to the position of the low-pressure region below flare tube.

Perioperative Nursing Management of an Animal Model of Axial Flow Blood Pump Implantation

This study aimed to explore the characteristics of perioperative nursing of experimental goats using self-made axial-flow blood pump implantation and provided theoretical nursing knowledge and practice-based evidence for the clinical application of domestically manufactured artificial cardiac pumps. Methods: Seven experimental goats were used in this study, three for pre-testing and four for the formal experiments. According to the surgical requirements for axial-flow blood pump implantation into the cardiac apex, we creatively designed and made a series of highly practical animal surgical instruments including a composite disassemblable bed for experimental animal transferring and monitoring, a multifunctional animal surgery bed, and portable medical supporting equipment. We also applied for two national invention patents and one utility model patent. Active measures were taken to ensure careful preparation before surgery, close collaboration during surgery, and effective management of complications after surgery. Results: Two of the four experimental goats died during surgery because of a massive hemorrhage caused by distal anastomotic failure and air embolism-induced cardiac arrest caused by air leakage from the outlet into the heart due to poor connection of the auxiliary pressure tap (used to measure left ventricular pressure). The mean survival time of the remaining three experimental goats was 22.7 hours. Conclusion: This study was the first to systematically and comprehensively investigate the perioperative nursing management of axial-flow blood pump implantation using animal models. These findings could greatly promote further clinical applied nursing research of self-made artificial cardiac pump implantation in experimental goats.

NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF PERFORMANCE OF AN AXIAL-FLOW PUMP WITH INDUCER

The interaction of flow through the inducer and impeller of an axial-flow pump equipped with an inducer has significant effect on its performance. This article presents a recent numerical investigation on this topic. The studied pump has an inducer with 3 blades mounted on a conical hub and a 6-blade impeller. The blade angle of the impeller is adjustable to generate different relative circumferential angles between the inducer blade trailing edge and the impeller blade leading edge. A computational fluid dynamics code was used to investigate the flow characteristics and performance of the axial-flow pump. For turbulence closure, the RNG k-ε model was applied with an unstructured grid system. The rotor-stator interaction was treated with a Multiple Reference Frame （MRF） strategy. Computations were performed in different cases： 7 different relative circumferential angles （ Δθ ） between the inducer blade trailing edge and the impeller blade leading edge, and 3 different axial gaps （G） between the inducer and the impeller. The variation of the hydraulic loss in the rotator was obtained by changing Δθ . The numerical results show that the pressure generated is minimum in the case of （ G = 3%D）, which indicates that the interference between inducer and impeller is strong if the axial gap is small. The pump performances were predicted and compared to the experimental measurements. Recommendations for future modifications and improvements to the pump design were also given.

UNSTEADY FLOW ANALYSIS AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF AXIAL-FLOW PUMP

The three-dimensional unsteady turbulent flow in axial-flow pumps was simulated based on Navier-Stoke solver embedded with k - ε RNG turbulence model and SIMPLEC algorithm. Numerical results show that the unsteady prediction results are more accurate than the steady results, and the maximal error of unsteady prediction is only 4.54%. The time-domain spectrums show that the static pressure fluctuation curves at the inlet and outlet of the rotor and the outlet of the stator are periodic, and all have four peaks and four valleys. The pressure fluctuation amplitude increases from the hub to the tip at the inlet and outlet of the rotor, but decreases at the outlet of the stator. The pressure fluctuation amplitude is the greatest at the inlet of the rotor, and the average amplitude decreases sharply from the inlet to the outlet. The frequency spectrums obtained by Fast Fourier Transform （FFT） show that the dominant frequency is approximately equal to the blade passing frequency. The static pressure on the pressure side of hydrofoil on different stream surfaces remains almost consistent, and increases gradually from the blade inlet to the exit on the suction side at different time steps. The axial velocity distribution is periodic and is affected by the stator blade number at the rotor exit. The experimental results show that the flow is almost axial and the pre-rotation is very small at the rotor inlet under the conditions of 0.8 QN -1.2 QN Due to the clearance leakage, the pressure, circulation and meridional velocity at the rotor outlet all decrease near the hub leakage and tip clearance regions.

Numerical analysis of cavitation within slanted axial-flow pump

In this paper, the cavitating flow within a slanted axial-flow pump is numerically researched. The hydraulic and cavitation performance of the slanted axial-flow pump under different operation conditions are estimated. Compared with the experimental hydraulic performance curves, the numerical results show that the filter-based model is better than the standard k-ε model to predict the parameters of hydraulic performancE. In cavitation simulation, compared with the experimental results, the proposed numerical method has good predicting ability. Under different cavitation conditions, the internal cavitating flow fields within slanted axial-flow pump are investigated. Compared with flow visualization results, the major internal flow features can be effectively grasped. In order to explore the origin of the cavitation performance breakdown, the Boundary Vorticity Flux （BVF） is introduced to diagnose the cavitating flow fields. The analysis results indicate that the cavitation performance drop is relevant to the instability of cavitating flow on the blade suction surface.

DESIGN OF IMPLANTABLE AXIAL-FLOW BLOOD PUMP AND NUMERICAL STUDIES ON ITS PERFORMANCE

This article presents the design of a new implantable axial-flow blood pump. The special feature of the flow channel inside the blood pump is that the blood is driven by a big-small tandem impeller installed in the inner hole of the cylinder magnet of a brushless direct current motor. The inner hole makes the main flow channel possible, while the gap between the inner end of the stator and the outer end of the cylinder magnet gives the shape of the tributary flow channel. There is no motor magnet inside the main flow channel, therefore, more blood can pass through it. The gap of the tributary flow channel is very small, but the blood flow in it is not blocked. Thus, the efficiency is increased and the volume and weight of blood pump can be reduced greatly. The outer diameter, length and weight of the manufactured implantable axial-flow blood pump are 29.6 mm, 76 mm and 158 g, respectively. The impeller spins at the speed of 9000 rpm and can generate a pressure head of 100 mmHg and a flow rate of 8 L/rain. In an animal experiment, the blood pump has been successfully applied as a Ventricular Assist Device （VAD） in the chest of a small cow. Besides a mathematical model is established to simulate the flow inside an axial-flow blood pump of implantable VAD. The numerical studies on the performance of the implantable axial-flow blood pump are carried out by combining this mathematical model and the Fluent software. The numerical results agree well with those of experiments, with the maximum error less than 10%.

Three-Dimensional Viscous Numerical Simulation of Tip Clearance Flow in Axial-Flow Pump

The blade tip clearance flow in axial-flow pump is simulated based on three-dimensional N-S equations, RNG k -e turbulence model, and SIMPLEC algorithm. It shows that numerical results agree well with experiment data measured by 5-hole probe through validation. Flow fields at the blade tip and velocity distribution at the exit of rotor are analyzed in detail. The numerical results show that the increase in tip clearance reduces hydro-head, especially at small flow rate. Experiment equipment is also introduced.

Influence of double-inlet design on the flow-head characteristics of axial-flow pump

The internal flow field of an axial-flow pump under low flow rate conditions is extremely turbulent. The unstable flow region is formed due to the tip leakage and the rotating stall, and is distinguished by a saddle patterned zone in its flow-head curve that demonstrates restrictions in its workable flow range. It is therefore important to understand and improve the operational characteristics of an axial-flow pump under low flow rate conditions. In this study, experiments are performed for the performances of an axial-flow pump at the flow rate in a range between 0.8Qd and 1.2Qd, with the internal flow field measured by the particle image velocimetry (PIV), and with the pump performances and the internal flow field simulated by the Ansys CFX. The simulation results agree well with the experimental results. From the predicted heads at the flow rate in the range between 0.1Qd and 0.7Qd by the numerical simulation, the complete flow-head curves are obtained. The streamlines and the velocity contours in the region in front of the impeller leading edge under different flow conditions are analyzed. By adopting the double-inlet structures, the flow-head characteristics are studied by varying the values of δ and σ respectively, where δ denotes the gap between the inner cylinder end and the impeller leading edge, and σ denotes the gap between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder. The findings indicate that with the double-inlet design, the velocity distribution can be effectively improved in the region in front of the impeller leading edge, as well as the head performance under the low flow rate conditions, and the positive slope value of the head curve is reduced in the unstable flow range. The optimal δ and σ values are determined.

Numerical Investigation of a High-subsonic Axial-flow Compressor Rotor with Non-axisymmetric Hub Endwall

The major source of loss in modem compressors is the secondary loss. Non-axisymmetric endwall profile contouring is now a well established design methodology in axial flow turbines. However, flow development in axial compressors is differ from turbines, the effects of non-axisymmetric endwall to axial compressors requires flow analysis in detail. This paper presents both experimental and numerical data to deal with the application of a non-axisymmetric hub endwall in a high-subsonic axial-flow compressor. The aims of the experiment here were to make sure the numerically obtained flow fields is the physical mechanism responsible for the improvement in efficiency, due to the non-axisymmetric hub endwall. The computational results were first compared with avail- able measured data of axisymmetric hub endwall. The results agreed well with the experimental data for estima- tion of the global performance. The coupled flow of the compressor rotor with non-axisymmetric hub endwall was simulated by a state-of-the-art multi-block flow solver. The non-axisymmetric hub endwall was designed for a subsonic compressor rotor with the help of sine and cosine functions. This type of non-axisymmetric hub end- wall was found to have a significant improvement in efficiency of 0.45% approximately and a slightly increase for the total pressure ratio. The fundamental mechanisms of non-axisymmetric hub endwall and their effects on the subsonic axial-flow compressor endwall flow field were analyzed in detail. It is concluded that the non-axisymmetric endwall profiling, though not optimum, can mitigate the secondary flow in the vicinity of the hub endwall, resulting in the improvement of aerodynamic performance of the compressor rotor.

Identification and analysis of the inlet vortex of an axial-flow pump

Axial-flow pumps are widely employed in urban flood control and drainage pumping stations.The inlet vortex is one factor that seriously threaten the safe,stable and efficient operation of axial-flow pump units.In this paper,the vortex recognition performances of two vortex identification methods,the Q—criterion and Liutex methods,are compared based on an axial-flow pump,and the interactions between the impeller and vortex are explored.A flat plate vortex generator is installed in front of the impeller to continuously induce a stable vortex.The numerical simulation results show that the Liutex method can not only simultaneously identify strong and weak vortices but also reduce the influence of shear force at the sidewall.The vortex and the impeller influence each other.Under the influence of rotating blades,the vortex changes from a low frequency to the blade frequency,and the vortex significantly changes the tangential velocity inside the impeller.The accuracy of the numerical simulation results is verified by experiments on the external and internal characteristics.

A Rapid and Automatic Optimal Design Method for Six-Stage Axial-Flow Industry Compressor

Existing aerodynamic design systems for multi-stage axial-flow compressor suffer from several limitations,such as experience dependent models and time costly simulations.Few attempts,however,have been devoted to the rapid and automatic optimization of aerodynamic performance at the preliminary design phase,which plays a crucial role in the final aerodynamic performance.In this work,a rapid and automatic aerodynamic optimal design method is developed for the multi-stage axial-flow compressor based on one-dimensional meanline design method,radial-equilibrium equation and genetic algorithm.The one-dimensional performance prediction model includes some popular empirical correlations to calculate the flow loss,incidence angle,deviation angle and flow blockage.The radial-equilibrium equation is solved to obtain the spanwise distribution of aerodynamic and thermodynamic parameters at the inlet and outlet of each blade row.The genetic algorithm is used for an automatic search of the global optimal compressor configuration aiming at maximizing the design efficiency.The developed method is illustrated with the aerodynamic optimal design of a 6-stage axial-flow industry compressor and verified by computational fluid dynamics simulations.The results show that the developed method is capable of improving effectively the design efficiency and predicting accurately the aerodynamic performance of the 6-stage axial-flow industry compressor in a few minutes.This work is of scientific significance to improve the axial-flow compressor design system and of engineering importance to release the designers from the heavy experience dependence especially at the preliminary design phase.