Design Optimization of Permanent Magnet Eddy Current Coupler Based on an Intelligence Algorithm

The permanent magnet eddy current coupler(PMEC)solves the problem of flexible connection and speed regulation between the motor and the load and is widely used in electrical transmission systems.It provides torque to the load and generates heat and losses,reducing its energy transfer efficiency.This issue has become an obstacle for PMEC to develop toward a higher power.This paper aims to improve the overall performance of PMEC through multi-objective optimization methods.Firstly,a PMEC modeling method based on the Levenberg-Marquardt back propagation(LMBP)neural network is proposed,aiming at the characteristics of the complex input-output relationship and the strong nonlinearity of PMEC.Then,a novel competition mechanism-based multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm(NCMOPSO)is proposed to find the optimal structural parameters of PMEC.Chaotic search and mutation strategies are used to improve the original algorithm,which improves the shortcomings of multi-objective particle swarm optimization(MOPSO),which is too fast to converge into a global optimum,and balances the convergence and diversity of the algorithm.In order to verify the superiority and applicability of the proposed algorithm,it is compared with several popular multi-objective optimization algorithms.Applying them to the optimization model of PMEC,the results show that the proposed algorithm has better comprehensive performance.Finally,a finite element simulation model is established using the optimal structural parameters obtained by the proposed algorithm to verify the optimization results.Compared with the prototype,the optimized PMEC has reduced eddy current losses by 1.7812 kW,increased output torque by 658.5 N·m,and decreased costs by 13%,improving energy transfer efficiency.

Visualization and Quantitative Evaluation of Eddy Current Loss in Bar-Wound Type Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Mild-Hybrid Vehicles

This paper describes the conductor eddy current loss that occurs in a permanent magnet type synchronous motor with a distributed winding stator using a rectangular copper wire designed for mild hybrid system applications for small vehicles.Compared with the conventional round wire inserter method,the space factor can be improved and the coil-end length can be shortened by applying a so-called hairpin windings using a pre-formed into hairpin shape of bar conductor,and as a result,DC current resistance of the armature winding can be reduced.However,since the conductor cross-sectional area tends to increases,the conductor eddy current loss generated by the space harmonics linkage becomes too large to ignore.In order to study the reduction of the conductor eddy current loss,it is important to visualize the spatial leakage flux distribution which causes loss and finely analyze how the magnetic path is formed.Therefore,analysis of the conductor eddy current loss distribution generated in the bar-wound conductor is performed using the CAE model that faithfully reproduces the coil-end shape of the actual machine.Furthermore,it was qualitatively clarified what ratio of conductor eddy current loss at various driving points.Finally,the results of preliminary study on reduction of conductor eddy current loss are reported.

Novel Rotors with Low Eddy Current Loss for High Speed Permanent Magnet Machines

Due to the large rotor eddy current loss and low thermal conductivity of carbon fiber sleeve,the high temperature usually occurs in high speed permanent magnet machines(HSPMMs)at the rated operation condition,resulting in irreversible demagnetization of the permanent magnet(PM).To obtain low rotor temperature,two novel rotor structures with low rotor eddy current loss are proposed in this paper.With the output torque and air gap flux density unchanged,the performance of HSPMMs with the two proposed rotor structures are analyzed based on finite element algorithm(FEA),including eddy current loss and temperature.Finally,the appropriate parameters of the proposed rotor structures are selected,and the electromagnetic(EM)performance,rotor stress and temperature are compared with those of the conventional rotor structure.Index Terms-Eddy current loss,finite element algorithm(FEA),electromagnetic(EM)performance,high speed permanent magnet machines(HSPMMs).

Research on Long Stroke Moving Secondary Permanent Magnet Linear Eddy Current Brake

In this paper,a long stroke moving secondary permanent magnet linear eddy current brake is proposed.Without exciting coils,the permanent magnet eddy current brake possesses the advantage of saving copper and better reliability.The topology and operating principle are presented.The mathematical model was derived with the layer theory.The braking force characteristic was analyzed using the finite element method.The structural parameters of the long stroke moving secondary permanent magnet linear eddy current brake were studied by referring the design progress of the other types of eddy current brakes.Finally,a prototype of long stroke moving secondary permanent magnet linear eddy current brake was built and tested,and the experimental result verifies the correctness of the above analysis.

Design and Performance Analysis of Permanent Magnet Claw Pole Machine with Hybrid Cores

Permanent magnet claw pole machine(PMCPM) is a special kind of transverse flux permanent magnet machine. Compared with other electrical machines, it has the advantages of high torque density and high efficiency for high speed operation. However, because of its complex irregular structure, the manufacturing process using silicon sheets is complicated. Soft magnetic composite material(SMC) is manufactured by powder metallurgy technology, which can produce various shapes of stator core structures, so it is easier to produce various irregular shapes of the stator core. However, the raw SMC material is relatively expensive, and the mechanical strength of SMC is weak. In this paper, a PMCPM with hybrid cores is proposed. With the adoption of hybrid silicon sheet-SMC cores and amorphous alloy-SMC cores, the torque ability of PMCPM can be improved greatly and it can have higher efficiency for more wide operation frequency. Meanwhile, its mechanical strength has been improved and it can be designed for high torque direct drive applications as it is a modular machine. Furthermore, three methods are proposed to reduce the additional eddy current loss which resulted from the employment of hybrid cores in PMCPM.

Analysis for Rotor Losses of High Speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

This paper presents an analysis based on analytical method for solid rotor motors for determining the rotor eddy current losses due to the current harmonics of the stator winding. The accuracy of the analytical results is verified by experiments.

Feasibility study of a large-scale tuned mass damper with eddy current damping mechanism

Tuned mass dampers （TMDs） have been widely used in recent years to mitigate structural vibration. However, the damping mechanisms employed in the TMDs are mostly based on viscous dampers, which have several well-known disadvantages, such as oil leakage and difficult adjustment of damping ratio for an operating TMD. Alternatively, eddy current damping （ECD） that does not require any contact with the main structure is a potential solution. This paper discusses the design, analysis, manufacture and testing of a large-scale horizontal TMD based on ECD. First, the theoretical model of ECD is formulated, then one large-scale horizontal TMD using ECD is constructed, and finally performance tests of the TMD are conducted. The test results show that the proposed TMD has a very low intrinsic damping ratio, while the damping ratio due to ECD is the dominant damping source, which can be as large as 15% in a proper configuration. In addition, the damping ratios estimated with the theoretical model are roughly consistent with those identified from the test results, and the source of this error is investigated. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the damping ratio in the proposed TMD can be easily adjusted by varying the air gap between permanent magnets and conductive plates. In view of practical applications, possible improvements and feasibility considerations for the proposed TMD are then discussed. It is confirmed that the proposed TMD with ECD is reliable and feasible for use in structural vibration control.

轮缘推进永磁电机-护套-介质系统建模与仿真

为了降低轮缘推进器永磁电机的涡流损耗,研究护套材料与厚度对永磁电机涡流损耗的影响,基于有限元电磁分析软件ANSYSElectronicsDesktop,建立电机-护套-介质系统模型,并通过仿真结果与数值计算结论的对比验证模型准确性;计算永磁电机定转子护套、永磁体涡流密度分布,分析护套材料与厚度对涡流损耗的影响规律。结果表明:护套材料电导率较高时护套中的涡流密度远大于永磁体中的,电导率较低时两者大小相近;采用电导率较低的护套材料时电机产生的涡流损耗远小于采用电导率较高的护套材料;护套材料对护套单位体积涡流损耗影响较大,对永磁体影响较小;定转子护套的厚度比与产生的涡流损耗呈正相关;随着护套厚度比增大,采用电导率较低的护套对永磁体及护套单位体积涡流损耗影响较小,而电导率较高的护套因为屏蔽作用能够通过降低永磁体的涡流密度来降低永磁体涡流损耗;气隙介质在空气、淡水、海水中的变化对电机的磁通密度分布没有显著影响。研究成果可为轮缘推进器永磁电机护套设计提供参考。

双层复合护套高速永磁电机转子涡流损耗解析模型

在表贴式高速永磁电机中,双层复合护套可以有效抑制转子涡流损耗。目前,针对双层复合护套转子涡流损耗的研究主要采用有限元法,但该方法存在耗时、对薄护套网格剖分较困难等问题,因此该文基于精确子域法提出了一种考虑定子开槽、涡流反作用的双层复合护套高速永磁电机转子涡流损耗通用解析模型。该模型同时考虑了永磁磁场励磁和电枢磁场励磁,可以计算负载磁场作用下的双层复合护套转子涡流损耗。此外,该模型还可进一步拓展至多层复合护套转子涡流损耗计算。通过该解析模型研究了双层复合护套不同护套厚度配比、不同护套材料对转子涡流损耗的影响。最后,将解析计算结果与有限元及C型铁心实验结果进行对比,验证了该解析模型的有效性。

基于槽极比选择的切向永磁同步电机永磁体涡流损耗抑制措施

为抑制切向永磁同步电机的永磁体涡流损耗,基于麦克斯韦方程和本构方程,对永磁体形状进行近似假设,构建了永磁体涡流损耗的估算模型。使用一种基于卡特系数概念的磁导函数来估算由于定子开槽引起的槽下磁感应强度变化。基于五台槽极比分别为1.05、1.20、1.30、2.40和3.60的电机设计方案对理论分析结论进行了验证。在负载电流和两倍负载电流下,分析永磁体损耗,得到了每台电机的径向气隙磁密曲线及其谐波含量。考虑到增加槽极比对定子铁耗和永磁体涡流损耗的削弱效果,给出了电机槽极比选择策略。研究结果表明,增加槽极比能减弱定子槽下磁感应强度变化,从而抑制气隙磁场中低次谐波含量,减小永磁体涡流损耗,使电机运行更加可靠,但也会引入更多高次谐波,从而增加定子铁耗。

直升机涵道尾桨永磁同步电机设计与仿真

针对直升机涵道尾桨机械传动系统传动链长、噪声大、结构复杂、传动轴刚度差和安装维护周期长等缺陷,设计一种适用于直升机涵道尾桨的永磁同步电机。通过探究悬停工况下电机主要尺寸与尾桨桨叶长度、宽度以及安装角度的关系,明确一定范围内电机主要尺寸最小时的功率、转矩和转速;采用分数槽集中绕组进一步提升了功率密度,基于14极18槽完成了电机设计。建立电磁场和温度场有限元仿真模型,验证电磁设计的合理性以及永磁体分段降温的有效性。与未分段相比,当永磁体沿周向分4段时,永磁体平均温度降低了55.43%。结果表明:该电机功率密度较高,输出特性良好并且温升较低,能够长时间可靠运行。

表贴式轴向磁通电机梯形削极分段结构研究

采用多极少槽结构和分数槽集中绕组可有效提高轴向磁通永磁(AFPM)电机的转矩密度,但磁动势谐波含量较大、频率较高,会引起永磁体涡流损耗增大和温度升高。通过优化表贴式轴向磁通永磁电机的永磁体结构可有效降低永磁体涡流损耗并抑制转矩波动,因此提出梯形削极分段结构。首先,基于精确子域法分别建立不同永磁体结构的解析模型。其次,通过解析模型和三维有限元模型对不同永磁体结构的气隙磁密、输出转矩和涡流损耗进行分析对比。然后,通过研究永磁体分段对永磁体涡流损耗的影响,确定梯形削极分段结构的参数。最后,制造一台样机并进行实验,实验结果证明,梯形削极分段结构可有效降低永磁体涡流损耗并且改善轴向磁通永磁电机输出性能。

分块充磁永磁体对磁齿轮磁密及涡流损耗影响

在大功率大变速比磁齿轮中,整体充磁式大块永磁体空心化问题是提升永磁齿轮性能的主要障碍之一。分块充磁工艺能够有效解决这一问题,明显提升大块永磁体性能。通过构建3D模型,对采用分块充磁技术的永磁体的永磁齿轮完成了磁热仿真分析。结果表明,分块充磁技术能够有效抑制大尺寸永磁体的磁场空心化,显著提高其剩磁,改善永磁齿轮的磁密,进而提升永磁齿轮的最大输出转矩;分块充磁永磁体块间绝缘能够有效缩减永磁体圆周弧长和轴向长度与永磁体磁场透入深度的差距,大大降低永磁体的涡流损耗。

基于Riccati传递矩阵法的永磁涡流联轴器固有频率分析

在对永磁涡流联轴器进行模态特性研究时,为了提高对联轴器转子系统的固有频率分析计算的准确度,利用传递矩阵法构建了转子的动力学分析模型。将永磁体的磁力统一化为零质量铰链连接,简化了涡流联轴器的磁电作用力,将复杂的研究模型转化为一个机械强度问题,使用Riccati传递矩阵法对完成等效化处理的转子进行模态分析,得到联轴器的固有频率与对应振型。在此基础上,将分析结果与精细三维有限元仿真结果进行了对比。结果表明,该方法能够较准确地对永磁涡流联轴器进行固有频率分析,与高精度仿真模型分析产生的结果误差不超过8%。通过改进计算数据与有限元分析结果进行对比研究,为永磁涡流联轴器的动力学特性研究提供了理论依据。

表贴式永磁电机在PWM激励下永磁体涡流损耗计算模型

针对现有模型难以计算PWM激励下表贴式永磁电机永磁体涡流损耗问题,提出了一种计算由PWM谐波引起的永磁体内涡流损耗计算模型。该模型通过磁导率分布函数获取气隙径向磁密,能够考虑定子开槽及谐波电流影响。首先,在忽略涡流反作用情况下解析计算了永磁体内磁密变化率;然后,应用有限差分法数值计算了永磁体内电位,综合得到了涡流损耗;最后,用有限元法验证了模型的准确性。研究结果表明:随着永磁体分段数的增大,涡流损耗减小,涡流反作用也随之减弱;永磁体涡流损耗主要由1倍、2倍开关频率附近电流谐波引起。

永磁线性涡流制动的性能分析与试验研究

为弥补电磁涡流制动系统在重量和发热方面的不足,文中设计了一种永磁式线性涡流制动装置样机,基于等效磁路法推导制动力及吸力解析公式,并用于指导设计参数初始值的选取。通过有限元仿真,对比分析了永磁涡流制动与电磁涡流制动的制动力及吸力特性。搭建永磁涡流制动试验装置,测试不同速度、不同气隙的涡流制动特性,并与解析法及有限元法的计算结果进行对比和误差分析。结果表明:在与原电磁涡流制动装置长度相同的前提下,设计的永磁涡流制动装置样机可以达到与其相当的制动力水平,且在200~400 km/h区间永磁涡流制动力更稳定,吸力更低;解析计算和有限元仿真结果均与试验曲线变化趋势一致,有限元仿真精度更高;当气隙达到70 mm时,制动力和吸力均趋于0,此缓解高度与原电磁涡流制动装置的缓解高度一致。从制动力及吸力特性的角度分析,永磁线性涡流制动适合高速列车应用。

铜合金接触线夹杂物缺陷的新型涡流检测探索

针对传统涡流检测法在铜合金接触线检测中的不足,提出了一种应用于铜合金接触线生产过程的新型在线涡流检测法,由永磁体和磁场传感器分别代替传统涡流检测法的激励和接收线圈。经实验测试表明,新型涡流检测法原理可行,实验装置简单有效,在现有实验条件下可达到100μm量级的检测精度。

基于转子永磁分段优化的轴向磁通永磁电机涡流损耗分析与试验

轴向磁通永磁电机永磁体中的涡流损耗将使转子温度升高,致使永磁体产生不可逆退磁风险,影响电机的正常运行。该文推导了轴向磁通永磁电机永磁体涡流损耗的数学模型,分析得到永磁体表面涡流路径长度及永磁体表面积对涡流损耗的影响规律;结合理论分析,在永磁体完全分段的基础上,提出了三种永磁体部分分段的优化新方法;利用有限元软件建立了电机有限元分析模型,对永磁体的电流密度分布、涡流损耗、抗退磁能力、静力学强度等进行了仿真分析与比较,获得了较合适的永磁体部分分段数和永磁体保留尺寸。最后制作了样机,测试了电机效率、永磁体磁性能和永磁体温升情况,验证了所提优化方法的有效性及理论分析的准确性。

永磁涡流柔性传动技术在大型驱动设备上的应用研究

带式输送机驱动装置中偶合器是重要的能量传递设备,是连接电机和减速机的重要部分。目前,主流使用的是传统的液力偶合器,但是液力偶合器存在较大的转差率和较低的效率,并且更换维护的工作量比较大。为了提升设备性能,在设备中使用永磁涡流柔性传动联轴器,主要提供了永磁偶合器替换液力偶合器的一个案例,并在设备稳定性和能耗两个方面进行了对比分析。

风机水泵应用转差调速设备节能效果分析

风机、水泵调速运行具有很大的节能潜力。阐述液力偶合调速器、涡流永磁调速器及绕组永磁调速器这三类转差调速设备的工作原理,分析其在风机水泵调速运行时的功率损耗。对比相同调速工况下风机水泵应用不同转差调速设备的节能数据及节能效果。