Terahertz quasi-perfect vortex beam with integer-order and fractional-order generated by spiral spherical harmonic axicon

We propose a new method to generate terahertz perfect vortex beam with integer-order and fractional-order. A new optical diffractive element composed of the phase combination of a spherical harmonic axicon and a spiral phase plate is designed and called spiral spherical harmonic axicon. A terahertz Gaussian beam passes through the spiral spherical harmonic axicon to generate a terahertz vortex beam. When only the topological charge number carried by spiral spherical harmonic axicon increases, the ring radius of terahertz vortex beam increases slightly, so the beam is shaped into a terahertz quasi-perfect vortex beam. Importantly, the terahertz quasi-perfect vortex beam can carry not only integer-order topological charge number but also fractional-order topological charge number. This is the first time that vortex beam and quasi-perfect vortex beam with fractional-order have been successfully realized in terahertz domain and experiment.

无衍射光路中 axicon 透镜倾斜允差的计算

通过基尔霍夫衍射积分来分析ａｘｉｃｏｎ透镜倾斜时衍射图发生的变化，根据衍射图变化的不同特征，确定各种应用条件下对ａｘｉｃｏｎ透镜倾斜量的允差要求．

倾斜 axicon 透镜的衍射特性

通过对ａｘｉｃｏｎ透镜的基尔霍夫衍射的分析，导出了合适的衍射图计算公式，分析了平行光倾斜入射时的衍射图特性，给出了模拟计算和实验结果，并探讨了在调整允差方面的应用．

Experimental investigation on partially coherent higher-order non-diffractive beams

We experimentally study the generation of a partially coherent non-diffractive beam by focusing a partially coherent vortex beam with an axieon. The investigation results show that when the partially coherent vortex beam is focused by the axicon, the beam is transferred into a partially coherent higher-order non-diffractive beam. In the non-diffractive zone, the transverse intensity distribution of the partially coherent higher-order non-diffractive beam is invariant during propagation. In addition, the range of the non-diffractive zone is related to the coherence of the partially coherent vortex beam. The poorer the coherence of the partially coherent vortex beam, the shorter the range of the non-diffractive zone.

Generalization and propagation of spiraling Bessel beams with a helical axicon

A generalized type of spiral Bessel beam has been demonstrated by using a spatially displaced helical axicon （HA）. The topological charge of the spiraling Bessel beams is determined by the order of the input Laguerre Gaussian （LG） beam and the topological charge of the HA. The obtained spiraling Bessel beams have an LG type of modulation along their propagation direction and exhibit annihilation-reconstruction properties. Theoretical analysis is presented, including that of the stability, propagation distance, topological charge, and spiraling dynamic characteristics. The mathematical and numerical results show that the propagation distance and helical revolution of the spiraling Bessel beams can be controlled through choosing appropriate radius of the HA.

Generation of shaping nondiffracting structured caustic beams on the basis of stationary phase principle

On the basis of the stationary phase principle,we construct a family of shaping nondiffracting structured caustic beams with the desired morphology.First,the analytical formula of a nondiffracting astroid caustic is derived theoretically using the stationary phase method.Then,several types of typical desired caustics with different shapes are numerically simulated using the obtained formulas.Hence,the key optical structure and propagation characteristics of nondiffracting caustic beams are investigated.Finally,a designed phase plate and an axicon are used to generate the target light field.The experimental results confirm the theoretical prediction.Compared with the classical method,the introduced method for generating nondiffracting caustic beams is high in light-energy utilization;hence,it is expected to be applied conveniently to scientific experiments.

Nondiffracting Beams With Finite Beam Width

Since Durnin reported the first experiment of Bessel beams, the related researchwork has developed extensively because of their 'nondiffracting' property andinteresting potential applications. It was shown that nearly nondiffracting Besselbeams can be realized experimentally by using various methods, such as an annularslit system, holographic amplification, an F-P interferometer, axicon and refractingsystem. This note presents the investigation results of the authors on nondiffractingBessel beams with finite beam width, i.e. beams limited by an aperture. Experimentshave been performed to illustrate the advantages of generating Bessel beams with anaxicon. A detailed study of the axial intensity and maximum nondiffracting range ofBessel beams vs. aperture size, and the conversion efficiency of the axicon as a Besselbeam convertor has been given. Within the experimental errors the result are ingood agreement with the theory.

Theoretical analysis of a collimated hollow-laser-beam generated by a single axicon using diffraction integral

A novel method to generate a collimated hollow-laser-beam (HLB) by only a single axicon is proposed. With some reasonable assumptions, the radial light intensity distribution is calculated in detail by diffraction integral theory.The result of numerical simulation shows that this method is valid.Compared with other methods of generating HLB,this scheme is extraordinarily simple in principle and can be utilized experimentally to construct a light trap in atomic fountain for convenience.