Applying an Ordinal Priority Approach Based Neutrosophic Fuzzy Axiomatic Design Approach to Develop Sustainable Geothermal Energy Source

Geothermal energy is considered a renewable,environmentally friendly,especially carbon-free,sustainable energy source that can solve the problem of climate change.In general,countries with geothermal energy resources are the ones going through the ring of fire.Therefore,not every country is lucky enough to own this resource.As a country with 117 active volcanoes and within the world’s ring of fire,it is a country whose geothermal resources are estimated to be about 40%of the world’s geothermal energy potential.However,the percentage used compared to the geothermal potential is too small.Therefore,this is the main energy source that Indonesia is aiming to exploit and use.However,the deployment and development of this energy source are still facing many obstacles due to many aspects from budget sources due to high capital costs,factory construction location,quality of resources,and conflicts of the local community.In this context,determining the optimal locations for geothermal energy sites(GES)is one of the most important and necessary issues.To strengthen the selection methods,this study applies a two-layer fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making method.Through the layers,the Ordinal Priority Approach(OPA)is proposed to weight the sub-criteria,the main criterion,and the sustainability factors.In layer 2,the Neutrosophic Fuzzy Axiomatic Design(NFAD)is applied to rank and evaluate potential locations for geothermal plant construction.Choosing the right geothermal energy site can bring low-cost efficiency,no greenhouse gas emissions,and quickly become the main energy source providing electricity for Indonesia.The final ranking shows Papua,Kawah Cibuni,and Moluccas as the three most suitable cities to build geothermal energy systems.Kawah Cibuni was identified as the most potential GES in Indonesia,with a score of 0.46.Papua is the second most promising GES with a score of 0.45.Next is the Moluccas,with a score of 0.39.However,the three least potential sites among the 15 studied sites are Lumut Balai,Moluccas and Patuha,with scores of 0.08,0.11 and 0.17,respectively.The conclusion of this study also classifies positions into groups to aid in decision-making.

SELF-ORGANIZED SEMANTIC FEATURE EVOLUTION FOR AXIOMATIC DESIGN

Aiming at the problem existing in the computer aided design process that how to express the design intents with high-level engineering terminologies, a mechanical product self-organized semantic feature evolution technology for axiomatic design is proposed, so that the constraint relations between mechanical parts could be expressed in a semantic form which is more suitable for designers. By describing the evolution rules for semantic constraint information, the abstract expression of design semantics in mechanical product evolution process is realized and the constraint relations between parts are mapped to the geometric level from the semantic level; With semantic feature relation graph, the abstract semantic description, the semantic relative structure and the semantic constraint information are linked together; And the methods of semantic feature self-organized evolution are classified. Finally, combining a design example of domestic high-speed elevator, how to apply the theory to practical product development is illustrated and this method and its validity is described and verified. According to the study results, the designers are able to represent the design intents at an advanced semantic level in a more intuitional and natural way and the automation, recursion and visualization for mechanical product axiomatic design are also realized.

Method for Functional Design of Axiomatic Design Based on Connections

Axiomatic design（AD） is a popular design method,and satisfying the independence axiom is the basis of AD.However,AD doesn＇t provide methods to decompose functions then keep them independent and to handle coupled design.A few of ways of handling coupled design are mainly passive resolutions when coupled design exists,but not efficient to each product design.Hence,this paper presents an innovative approach to design and decompose functions of complex products based on functional connections,aiming at actively avoiding functional coupling.By contrasting with component networks,four kinds of relations among functions are identified,including spatial,energy,material,and information connection.Then the definitions of these relations and the dominant connection are given.Based on the definitions,the principles of functional decomposition and design are developed,in which each non-leaf function is broken into sub functions centered on its dominant connection with avoidance of functional cross and coupling,and sequentially satisfies the independence axiom.Then the operational flow of the proposed approach is constructed.Determining the dominant connection of a function,decomposing the function into sub functions in terms of the dominant connection and reverse examination and optimization are planed as the core steps in each zigzagging.Input process output（IPO） analysis is introduced to obtain the dominant connection of a function,some rules for examining and optimizing the decomposition results reversely according to oriented object theory are presented as well.An illustrative example about the pouring function of squeeze casting equipments presented demonstrates how to use the proposed approach,and indicates its effectiveness.The proposed approach expands the principles of AD,constructs a guidance policy for independent functional design of complex products based on AD,and can help decrease or actively avoid coupled design and improve design efficiency.

New Hybrid AD Methodology for Minimizing the Total Amount of Information Content:A Case Study of Rehabilitation Robot Design

Converting customer needs into specific forms and providing consumers with services are crucial in product design.Currently,conversion is no longer difficult due to the development of modern technology,and various measures can be applied for product realization,thus increasing the complexity of analysis and evaluation in the design process.The focus of the design process has thus shifted from problem solving to minimizing the total amount of information content.This paper presents a New Hybrid Axiomatic Design(AD)Methodology based on iteratively matching and merging design parameters that meet the independence axiom and attribute constraints by applying trimming technology,the ideal final results,and technology evolution theory.The proposed method minimizes the total amount of information content and improves the design quality.Finally,a case study of a rehabilitation robot design for hemiplegic patients is presented.The results indicate that the iterative matching and merging of related attributes can minimize the total amount of information content,reduce the cost,and improve design efficiency.Additionally,evolutionary technology prediction can ensure product novelty and improve market competitiveness.The methodology provides an excellent way to design a new(or improved)product.

Integration of axiomatic design and theory of inventive problem solving for conceptual design

Axiomatic design (AD) and theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ) are widely used in conceptual design. Both of them have limitations, however. We presented an integrated model of these two methods to increase the efficiency and quality of the problem solving process for conceptual design. AD is used for systematically defining and structuring a problem into a hierarchy. Sometimes, the design matrix is coupled in AD which indicates the functional requirements are coupled. TRIZ separation principles can be used to separate non-independent design parameters, which provide innovative solutions at each hierarchical level. We applied the integrated model to the heating and drying equipment of bitumen reproduction device. The result verifies that the integrated model can work very well in conceptual design.

Self-organized evolution of mechanism kinetic scheme based on axiomatic design

The self-organized evolution technology of the mechanism kinetic scheme based on axiomatic design is presented. This technology tries to express the constraints between kinetic mechanisms briefly in a semantic form which is more familiar to the designers. Through the mapping process between the kinetic chain unit and the unit instance, the evolution from abstract unit to concrete engineering instance is achieved. The subdivision of unit coupling semantics is studied, and the evolution of semantics is finished. Also, the semantic constraints evolution of unit coupling semantics is described. The product structure models with function and assembly meanings are constructed based on the kinematic chain unit and unit coupling. It provides a basis to realize the inheritance and transfer of constraint information from conceptual design to design for assembly （DFA）. As the engineering practice result shows, the method can help the engineers express their And the automation, recursion and design intension more clearly and naturally in a high semantic level. visualization of the mechanism kinetic scheme design are realized

A Wireless Sensor Network Ad-Hoc Designed as Anti-Theft Alarm System for Photovoltaic Panels

Photovoltaic (PV) systems have attracted increasing attention in last years as well as Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), which have been used in many application fields. In PV plants, especially in ground installations, a lot of thefts and damages occur due to the still high cost of the modules. A new experimental WSN ad-hoc has been designed to be an anti-theft alarm system. Each node of the network is directly installed under each PV string and it is equipped with an accelerometer sensor capable to detect a minimum displacement of the panel from its steady position. The WSN presents a star topology: a master node cyclically interrogates the slave nodes through RF link. It collects all the nodes responses and communicates though a RS-232 interface with a control PC checking the network status. When a slave node detects an alarm, continuous messages are sent to the control PC which turns on all the alarm signaling systems. The control PC is equipped with an open source operative system and software and provides for SMS, e-mail and sound-light signaling in case of alarm. It also communicates with a remote server where all the WSN information is stored. A first low cost experimental WSN has been already installed and it is working properly.

Application of axiomatic approach to coal mine design field

Two design axioms and axiomatic approach were discussed. As an example of application, design process of a new style single prop was illustrated in term of axi- oms.

Recent Advances to Change the Standards in Designing Hulls in Waves, a Validation Using an Efficient SWENSE Level-Set Approach

This paper presents recent naval applications of the SWENSE （Spectral Wave Explicit Navier-Stokes Equations） approach implemented for the first time with high order fully unstructured schemes and an efficient level-set method to capture free surface flows around realistic hull geometries. Numerical simulations in waves and/or viscous flows still lead generally to very large CPU times because of grid requirements to ensure a good propagation of incident waves in the meshed part of the fluid domain that makes unreachable any hull design optimization process in an industrial context. Furthermore, even if the SWENSE method clearly shows promising results in an academic context in both regular and irregular waves, the most recent publications still highlight several issues that remain unresolved up to now, e.g. poor scalability, diffusive wake pattern, non-versatile structured mesh approaches and only very few validation test cases are carried out on Wigley or DTMB 5415 hulls. In order to overcome those numerical difficulties and get an in-depth validation of the method on several cases in realistic wave conditions, a two and a half years＇ research project has been achieved involving several steps, starting by a set of dedicated model test experiments later used as reference for the validation of the method. The CFD commercial code ANANASTM used and developed in this research program is presented and validated in detail. The use of high order schemes on unstructured grids in combination with these SWENSE method and level-set approach offer to the maritime industry an innovative and state of the art method to achieve unequaled accuracy, low computation time and some unique advantages such as, amongst others, the end of the numerical wave propagation problems. The results of the validation were pleasing and can be considered as acceptable in general, with some challenges remaining to the solyed. Results obtained indicate that an optimization processes in waves in realistic conditions is now affordable in an industrial context.

集成AHP-AD-TOPSIS的儿童家具产品设计路径研究

时代发展与技术进步促使越来越多儿童家具产品涌入市场,本研究集成AHP-AD-TOPSIS理论于儿童家具产品设计研发中,以开发更具人性化与个性化儿童家具产品,提升其市场竞争力。首先,通过多种渠道用户调研挖掘儿童家具产品初始用户需求,并运用AHP法计算用户需求权重值;其次,基于AD理论独立性公理和信息公理将权重较高用户需求进行设计参数映射,逐步判断设计合理性与最优解,寻求儿童家具产品最优工程技术参数,以此进行方案设计;最后,集成AHP-TOPSIS模型对儿童家具设计方案进行客观评价,充分验证设计方案可行性及设计路径科学性。结果表明,基于AHP-AD的儿童学习桌设计方案均优于市场上已有样本产品。该研究路径可提高儿童家具产品开发流程的系统性,增强儿童对家具产品使用体验,并可为儿童家具产品设计研发提供参考路径。

3-16 Radiological Safety Analyses of Spallation Target in Designed China ADS

Spallation target represents one of the most challenging components in accelerator driven systems (ADS) sinceit is the component coupling the accelerator and the sub-critical core. It is subjected to bombardment of intenseproton beam and very high thermal load in a strong radiation field. The irradiated LBE target poses severe handlingproblems for the maintenance staff and other scientists due to its residual activity[1]. To assist the design of ADS, thegeneral radiological safety aspects of lead, lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) and tungsten spallation target were studiedwith MCNPX 2.7 code[2]. The spallation target was irradiated by a 250 MeV, 10 mA proton beam produced bya linear proton accelerator. The neutron yield, neutron spectrum, residual production and time evolution for theirradiated target were analyzed.

Axiomatic Design of Micro Quartz Rate Sensor

Quartz rate sensors （QRS） made out of one single piece of quartz crystal are inertial devices which can be used for general rate control, stabilization, automotive and aerospace/defense markets, etc. The mechanical design of the QRS has been investigated based on axiomatic design. The axiomatic design matrix of the mechanical structure of Coriolis Vibratory Gyroscopes （CVG） has been proposed. The mechanical function of QRS is divided into three Function Requirements （FR） , i. e. , FR1 is the drive mode, FR2 is the sense mode, FR3 is a coupled connection where the Coriolis force can couple the two modes with a term proportional to the rotational rate. A new QRS which is easy to be fabricated has been put forward. Furthermore, the new QRS indicated that the axiomatic design is a help to functional design of products.

基于AD与TRIZ的加工中心主轴松拉刀机构优化设计

数控加工中心在加工过程中常出现主轴松刀力不足或无法松刀的现象。针对此问题,通过TRIZ系统组件分析明确现有松拉刀机构各组件间作用关系,利用因果链分析得出影响松刀的根本原因,最终应用TRIZ理论中的物场模型分析方法和AD独立性原理提出优化设计方案。根据新方案计算出实际工况下的主轴松刀力和螺杆强度,并对松刀杆进行建模和仿真。结果表明:最大位移量为6.995μm,最大应力为45.24 MPa,符合结构设计要求。最后,经过现场实物测试,当液压力为5 MPa时,松刀行程、松刀力以及打刀量均符合生产要求,验证了优化设计方案的合理性。

集成AHP-AD-TOPSIS的适老化居家护理床设计研究

目标为增加家具产品适老化程度,提升老年用户使用护理床满意度,集成AHP-AD-TOPSIS模型构建出一种适老化居家护理床方法。方法首先,通过多渠道用户调研方法获取22项用户需求,应用AHP法求解不同属性下用户需求权重,明确相对重要用户需求;其次,为匹配护理床研发生产中工程设计参数,依据AD公理设计中的独立性公理原则,将老年居家护理床的功能域至设计域进行映射,并通过设计矩阵求解判断设计合理性及最优解,明确企业量产工程技术参数,并根据其进行方案设计;最后,采用TOPSIS法对设计方案及样本进行决策计算及评估,客观评选最佳设计方案。结果集成AHP-AD-TOPSIS的居家护理床设计方法,可准确求解用户需求权重、科学转换设计参数、客观评价设计方案,并极大优化适老化居家护理床用户体验及满意度。结论为同类适老化居家产品设计研发提供参考,其也可为适老化居家产品研究提供学术范式及路径。

基于TRIZ与AD的海草夹苗机械手概念创新设计及可靠性研究

利用发明问题解决理论(Theory of innovation problem solving,TRIZ)与公理设计(Axiomatic design,AD)的集成技术,建立了基于两者的概念设计过程模型。首先,在约束条件下,运用TRIZ和AD来完成产品功能-结构的映射,构造并求解出其原始的设计矩阵;然后,基于公理化设计理论判断原始矩阵是否耦合,若不是耦合矩阵则产生创新方案,若是耦合矩阵,则利用TRIZ工具集将实际问题转化为TRIZ标准参数,以达到消除耦合的目的。为了验证海草夹苗机械手设计方案的可行性,利用ADAMS将优选的方案进行虚拟仿真。最后,利用加权线性响应面法,对夹苗机械手关键零部件进行可靠性分析,以求出相应的可靠度值,该值验证了设计结果的可靠性。

基于TRIZ和AD的集成创新设计模型及其应用

结合TRIZ理论和AD理论的优势,建立了面向功能的新产品集成创新设计模型,以AD理论的产品设计流程为主线,由用户域映射得到产品的功能域,优先应用功能导向搜索查询、类比其他领域的产品工作原理、结构及效应,以TRIZ的最终理想解(IFR)及进化法则指导AD的功能分解,应用TRIZ工具进行解耦设计,并应用AD信息公理进行方案评价筛选。基于该模型进行了秸秆粉碎成型一体机的创新概念设计,验证了模型的可行性。

移动Ad Hoc网络的跨层优化拥塞控制

基于网络协议层框架充分分析了TCP应用到Ad Hoc网络导致性能下降的原因,包括:物理层中易损耗的无线信道,MAC层中的过度竞争和不公平接入,网络层中节点移动引起的频繁路由失效,传输层中TCP采用的不合适机制,包括基于窗口的传输、基于数据包丢失的拥塞指示,拥塞窗口的慢启动和AIMD、对ACK自定时的依赖;提出了全新的适合Ad Hoc网络特性的跨层优化拥塞控制协议CCOC(cross-layer optimal congestion control).CCOC运用了跨层设计框架来改进MAC层的接入信道公平性、检测虚假链路失效、减少路由失效次数、加快路由切换后的重启动、运用SACK实现可靠传输和实施非线性优化论指导设计的自适应优化策略;描述了CCOC的协议体系结构;实施了详细的NS仿真实验,仿真结果表明,在几乎所有的仿真场景和移动环境下,CCOC比TCP和ATCP在许多重要性能指标,如吞吐量和公平性方面都有了明显的改进.

基于AD理论的机器人磨抛生产设备造型设计研究

为探索数控机床类产品造型设计流程规范,使最终设计符合制造工艺要求,满足造型美观、使用人性化、开发成本低等目标,尝试应用AD理论,将用户需求转换成工程设计的描述语言,并设置相应的过程控制参数对造型设计进行约束。以机器人磨抛生产线造型设计为例,对数控机床类产品的造型设计流程模型进行研究,使设计结果更符合制造工艺,提高加工可实行性,降低开发和制造成本,并体现数控机床的美学特征。

基于节点空闲度的自适应移动Ad Hoc网络路由协议

节点可以自由、自主地进入网络拓扑并且无须基础网络设施的特性,使得移动Ad hoc网络被广泛应用于诸如灾难救援、战场等多种环境中.传统的Ad hoc路由协议主要是基于“最短路径”来考虑,会在网络中形成局部的“热点区域”而影响网络的性能.对此,提出了一个新的参数“节点空闲度(leisure degree)”,用来体现节点当前的传输状态.基于这个参数,联合了介质访问控制(medium access control,简称MAC)层和网络层来进行跨层设计,提出了一种新的基于“节点空闲度”的自适应路由协议LDAR(leisure degree adaptive routing),采用启发式的路由选择机制,有效地实现了拥塞控制和负载分担,提高了移动Ad hoc网络的性能.通过模拟实验,结果显示了LDAR协议在静态网络和动态网络的环境下,都有比DSR协议更好的性能.

Ad Hoc无线网络跨层设计综述

为了进一步适应Ad hoc无线网络环境下各种应用的需要,提高网络性能,Ad hoc无线网络的跨层设计已成为目前国内外网络研究的热点和难点问题之一。给出了Ad hoc无线网络跨层设计的定义,分析了跨层设计的原因、优势和主要技术;对跨层设计的方法进行了分类,主要包括四种方法:层间传递相关信息,联合优化网络相关层,融合相邻层,分层作为网络最优化分解,并对它们进行了分析比较和评价;最后探讨了Ad hoc无线网络跨层设计面临的挑战和今后的研究方向。