Objective:To report the indigenous people's uses of plants from a multidimensional perspective in a remote area where strong ethnobotanical cultural practices prevail. Methods:An ethnobotanical survey was conducte...Objective:To report the indigenous people's uses of plants from a multidimensional perspective in a remote area where strong ethnobotanical cultural practices prevail. Methods:An ethnobotanical survey was conducted in the field during 2014-2016. Ethnobotanical data were gathered from 182 informants through oral interviews and semi-structured questionnaires. The distribution of plants was explored using both descriptive and graphical methods. Further,a Multinomial Logit Specification was applied to find out the probability of the occurrence of diverse utilization of plants in multipurpose domains. Results:The study identified 202 plant species distributed among 71 families and 156 genera. Ethnobotanical data indicate that there are more medicinal(36.96%) uses of plants as compared to all other use categories. The output from the Multinomial Logit Specifications(MLS) model reveals that perennial and non-woody plants are exploited more for medicinal and food uses than annual and woody plants. In the context of ethnomedicinal uses,aerial plant parts particularly leaves are more extensively used for the preparation of herbal recipes as compared to underground parts. Conclusions:The results of the study emphasize the need to create awareness among the local communities about the conservation status of plant species in order to maintain a sustainable resource of plant-derived materials into the future. The novel econometric approach employed in this study adds a new insightful methodology to the existing body of literature in the field of ethnobotany. We strongly recommend conservation measures,alongside phytochemical and pharmacological studies on the useful plant species identified in this study in order to ensure their sustainable and effective utilization.展开更多
This study presents the intercomparison of the outdoor environmental gamma dose rates measured using a Nal （TI） based survey meter along with thermoluminescent dosimeters （TLDs） and estimation of excess lifetime c...This study presents the intercomparison of the outdoor environmental gamma dose rates measured using a Nal （TI） based survey meter along with thermoluminescent dosimeters （TLDs） and estimation of excess lifetime cancer risk （ELCR）, for the inhabitants of Poonch division of the Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. CaF2： Dy （TLD-200） card dosimeters were installed at height of 1 m from ground at fifteen different locations covering the entire Poonch division comprising of three districts.展开更多
The Gilgit-Baltistan Province and Azad Kashmir regions are rich in mineral and natural resources. The gemstones, marbles and many other economic mineralizations are significant but these regions are relatively far fro...The Gilgit-Baltistan Province and Azad Kashmir regions are rich in mineral and natural resources. The gemstones, marbles and many other economic mineralizations are significant but these regions are relatively far from central and southern commercial areas of Pakistan. The gemstones of Gilgit-Baltistan Province are famous worldwide especially from Hunza and Skardu regions. The Azad Kashmir region also has a share of gemstone especially from the upper approaches of Neelam valley and marble, construction materials, coal, clays and other minerals found from different areas of Azad Kashmir. There is no common previous availability of comprehensive papers providing mineral data of Gilgit-Baltistan Province and Azad Kashmir regions. This report provides a quick view of mineral resources occurred in the Gilgit-Baltistan and Azad Kashmir regions.展开更多
最初,传统意义的克什米尔蓝宝石仅指产于“Jammu and Kashmir”的蓝宝石,但近期越来越多相邻的地区会被叫做“克什米尔”,特别是产自巴基斯坦控制的阿扎德克什米尔(Azad-Kashmir)地区的蓝宝石。但两个产地蓝宝石的价格有着较大的差异,...最初,传统意义的克什米尔蓝宝石仅指产于“Jammu and Kashmir”的蓝宝石,但近期越来越多相邻的地区会被叫做“克什米尔”,特别是产自巴基斯坦控制的阿扎德克什米尔(Azad-Kashmir)地区的蓝宝石。但两个产地蓝宝石的价格有着较大的差异,故准确的鉴定两者产地有着非常重要的意义。采用激光拉曼光谱仪测试技术对阿扎德克什米尔蓝色和紫色蓝宝石样品的包裹体及相关谱学特征进行研究。结果表明,阿扎德克什米尔蓝色蓝宝石和紫色蓝宝石样品的包裹体相似,均含有石墨-气液包裹体组合,锆石与石墨组合,蓝色-紫色平行角状条带与生长纹。此外,蓝色蓝宝石样品中还发现管状包裹体等典型特征,紫色蓝宝石样品还出现了赤铁矿,水铝矿固体包裹体。阿扎德克什米尔蓝宝石的包裹体特征为其提供了产地鉴别的可能。阿扎德克什米尔蓝宝石样品中石墨包裹体拉曼光谱的分析表明,其石墨包裹体结晶程度高,结晶度等级多为三,少数为二级,未出现结晶程度一级。根据石墨拉曼光谱的G(1580 cm^(-1))、D1(1350 cm^(-1))、D2(1620 cm^(-1))因子,应用碳物质拉曼光谱温度计计算石墨的形成温度表明,阿扎德克什米尔蓝宝石母岩的变质峰期温度在600℃以上。展开更多
文摘Objective:To report the indigenous people's uses of plants from a multidimensional perspective in a remote area where strong ethnobotanical cultural practices prevail. Methods:An ethnobotanical survey was conducted in the field during 2014-2016. Ethnobotanical data were gathered from 182 informants through oral interviews and semi-structured questionnaires. The distribution of plants was explored using both descriptive and graphical methods. Further,a Multinomial Logit Specification was applied to find out the probability of the occurrence of diverse utilization of plants in multipurpose domains. Results:The study identified 202 plant species distributed among 71 families and 156 genera. Ethnobotanical data indicate that there are more medicinal(36.96%) uses of plants as compared to all other use categories. The output from the Multinomial Logit Specifications(MLS) model reveals that perennial and non-woody plants are exploited more for medicinal and food uses than annual and woody plants. In the context of ethnomedicinal uses,aerial plant parts particularly leaves are more extensively used for the preparation of herbal recipes as compared to underground parts. Conclusions:The results of the study emphasize the need to create awareness among the local communities about the conservation status of plant species in order to maintain a sustainable resource of plant-derived materials into the future. The novel econometric approach employed in this study adds a new insightful methodology to the existing body of literature in the field of ethnobotany. We strongly recommend conservation measures,alongside phytochemical and pharmacological studies on the useful plant species identified in this study in order to ensure their sustainable and effective utilization.
文摘This study presents the intercomparison of the outdoor environmental gamma dose rates measured using a Nal （TI） based survey meter along with thermoluminescent dosimeters （TLDs） and estimation of excess lifetime cancer risk （ELCR）, for the inhabitants of Poonch division of the Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. CaF2： Dy （TLD-200） card dosimeters were installed at height of 1 m from ground at fifteen different locations covering the entire Poonch division comprising of three districts.
文摘The Gilgit-Baltistan Province and Azad Kashmir regions are rich in mineral and natural resources. The gemstones, marbles and many other economic mineralizations are significant but these regions are relatively far from central and southern commercial areas of Pakistan. The gemstones of Gilgit-Baltistan Province are famous worldwide especially from Hunza and Skardu regions. The Azad Kashmir region also has a share of gemstone especially from the upper approaches of Neelam valley and marble, construction materials, coal, clays and other minerals found from different areas of Azad Kashmir. There is no common previous availability of comprehensive papers providing mineral data of Gilgit-Baltistan Province and Azad Kashmir regions. This report provides a quick view of mineral resources occurred in the Gilgit-Baltistan and Azad Kashmir regions.
