Azores和Canary岛形成浮岩的碱性岩浆的挥发组份

正如Rutherford和Heming(1978)所证实的,用热力学方法,对火山岩中常见的斑晶组合,可以测定H-O-S系统中喷发前岩浆挥发组份的丰度。这些方法,可应用于Tenerife(Canary岛)、Sao Miguel及Faial(Azores)的大气降落和熔结凝灰岩型的碱性浮岩堆积物。表明由含有可估量的次要元素的钛磁铁矿-钛铁矿矿物对,能获得可靠的温度及 fO_2的估算值。然而在流纹岩岩浆中所见到的 fO_2缓冲机理,在更碱性的液体中似乎不起作用。利用黑云母估算 fH_2O,得出高的 fH_2O值,表明与岩浆有关的强烈爆炸现象是符合的.由磁黄铁矿成分,可估算 fS_2。由气体平衡,可算出 fH_2、fH_2S、fSO_2、fSO_3。从硫组份的数据可很粗略地估算不含黑云母样品的水逸度。在碱性及钙碱性的硅铝质岩浆中,这些组份的丰度是类似的。重视有关爆炸性喷发过程中,挥发物的喷出在火山学上的含义。

Impact of North-South Shift of Azores High on Summer Precipitation over North West Europe

Several Studies demonstrate that North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) influences variability of climate over Europe. As NAO is has significant influence on climate of Europe during boreal cold season (November to April), we use the centers of action approach for the study of summer precipitation (June to August) variability over Europe, taking into account variations in the components of the NAO North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the Azores High and the Icelandic Low pressure systems. This study shows that north-south shifts of the Azores High has significant impact on interannual variations of summer precipitation over North West Europe, there being more precipitation when the Azores High shifts southward versus when it is northward. Thus this article demonstrate that when the Azores High system is to the south there is flux of moist and warm air from the Atlantic into NW Europe. We present a regression model for summer precipitation over North-west in which the Azores High latitude and the Icelandic low longitude are independent variables and it explains 53 percent of the variance of precipitation during 1952-2002, a significant enhancement over the NAO value of R2 = 0.10.

A GIS Based Approach to Back Trajectory Analysis and Mass Concentration &Dispositions of Aerosols in Nairobi, Kenya

The origins and pathways of atmospheric aerosols in Kenya are examined in Nairobi for the three years (2015-2017) using HYSPLIT model and meteorological data. Aerosol concentrations in Kenya depended on the frequency of the air mass from the northeastern Asian Continent and southeastern Madagascar Island. There was a direct correlation of more pollutants during dry and hot seasons (JJA) of the year. To study the reasons for the seasonal variations, the origins of the air mass flowing to Nairobi were analyzed by backward air mass trajectory analysis. Monthly variations revealed that aerosols are transported from different directions due to variation of winds flowing and peak values were during July because of the increased emissions due to higher temperature and stronger solar radiation during heating, while the lowest value found in April was probably due to rain wash.

A Unique Case-Study of Near-Circular Saharan Dust Transport over the Atlantic Ocean

An occurrence of transportation of Saharan dust from equatorial West African and back to Europe and Africa around theAtlantic Oceanwas synoptically analyzed. The entire circle around the Atlantic took twelve days. The direction and speed of the dust cloud was governed by the position, the strength and the movement of the Center of Activity (COA) of the Azores High. This type of trajectory is quite rare. In the year 2009 (the year of the analyzed trajectory) it occurred only 8 times. We assume, that the interesting point in this type of trajectory is the possibility that in its long way, it collects from and deposits in, different types of aerosols at the American European and African continents and the Ocean between them.

Azor

日本第一制药三共株式会社近日宣称美国FDA批准了该公司生产的Azor（氨氯地平和奥美沙坦酯的复合制剂），并同意把它用于高血压的一线治疗，以此补充当前美国推出的联合用药指导方针，这个指导方针认为高血压初治病人常需要一种以上的药物才能达到治疗目标。根据美国新高血压指南（JNC7）指出，约2／3的患者使用一种药物难以控制血压，需联合应用2种或2种以上不同的药物才能达到降压目标。

Azor

日本第一三共制药公司近日宣布，美国FDA已批准其治疗高血压药物AZOR（氨氯地平／奥美沙坦酯复方制剂）上市。AZOR是每日仅需服用一次的氨氯地平和奥美沙坦酯的复方片剂，其中的氨氯地平为全球最畅销的钙离子通道阻断剂，而奥美沙坦酯则是血管紧张素受体阻断剂，这是当前销售增长速度最快的高血压药物。由此，这两种药物的复方制剂既使得医生有了一种高血压治疗的新选择，也为病人提供了一种服用方便的新药物。在临床试验中，AZOR显著降低高血压病人的收缩压和舒张压。AZOR用于治疗高血压时，可单独使用，也可与其它抗高血压药联用，但目前并没有被批准用于高血压的初始治疗。