The quadrupole interactions between neutrons and protons are calculated using Nilsson+BCS model for the neutron-rich even-even rare-earth nuclei.This is used to study the saturation of B(E2)'s in this mass region....The quadrupole interactions between neutrons and protons are calculated using Nilsson+BCS model for the neutron-rich even-even rare-earth nuclei.This is used to study the saturation of B(E2)'s in this mass region.The neutron numbers at which saturation of B(E2)occurs are calculated for each isotopic chain.In particular,the calculation suggests that B(E2)saturation may occur in the 2nd half of the 82-126 major shell in erbium and ytterbium.展开更多
Objective.To study whether the abilities of hepatitis C virus(HCV)E2 gene immunization to induce humoral and cellular immune responses to E2 protein were affected by hepatitis B virus(HBV)preS gene when they were fuse...Objective.To study whether the abilities of hepatitis C virus(HCV)E2 gene immunization to induce humoral and cellular immune responses to E2 protein were affected by hepatitis B virus(HBV)preS gene when they were fused in DNA-immunized mice.Methods.Mice were immunized with E2,preS-E2(preS gene was upstream of E2 gene),and E2-preS(preS gene was downstream of E2 gene)gene by their eukaryotic expression vectors,respectively.The anti-E2 or anti-preS antibodies were detected using the E2 and preS antigens.The cellular immune response to E2 pro-tein in immunized mice was presented by its survival time after injecting SP2/O myeloma cells expressing HCV E2 protein into the abdominal cavity.Results. Chimeric E2 and preS gene immunization can induce mice to develop anti-preS and anti-E2 antibodies.The number of the mice developing anti-E2 antibody and the antibody titers in preS-E2 gene-injected group were higher than those in E2-preS gene-immunized group.However,the mice injected with E2 gene did not develop the detectable anti-E2 antibodies until 12 weeks after DNA immunization.After the mice was injected with target cells,the average survival time of the mice in the group immunized with E2 gene alone was longer than that of the group injected with E2 gene fused with HBV preS and was significantly longer than that of the control(P< 0.05).Conclusion.HBV preS might be a humoral enhancer that can affect the abilities of HCV E2 protein to in-duce immune responses in DNA-immunized mice.展开更多
The energy levels and the E2 transition probabilities B(E2)of uranium isotopes ^(230-238)U are calculated by the 1/N expansion technique with the consistent Q framework in sdIBMl.The energy spectra for the five isotop...The energy levels and the E2 transition probabilities B(E2)of uranium isotopes ^(230-238)U are calculated by the 1/N expansion technique with the consistent Q framework in sdIBMl.The energy spectra for the five isotopes and B(E2)of ^(236)U can be reproduced quite well with a few number of parameters only.展开更多
AIM To investigate the modulatory effect of B-1 cells on murine peritoneal macrophages infected with Leishmania major(L. major) in vitro.METHODS Peritoneal macrophages obtained from BALB/c andBALB/c XID mice were infe...AIM To investigate the modulatory effect of B-1 cells on murine peritoneal macrophages infected with Leishmania major(L. major) in vitro.METHODS Peritoneal macrophages obtained from BALB/c andBALB/c XID mice were infected with L. major and cultured in the presence or absence of B-1 cells obtained from wild-type BALB/c mice. Intracellular amastigotes were counted, and interleukin-10(IL-10) production was quantified in the cellular supernatants using an enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. The levels of the lipid mediator prostaglandin E2(PGE2) were determined using a PGE2 enzyme immunoassay kit(Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI), and the number of lipid bodies was quantified in the cytoplasm of infected macrophages in the presence and absence of B-1 cells. Culturing the cells with selective PGE2-neutralizing drugs inhibited PGE2 production and confirmed the role of this lipid mediator in IL-10 production. In contrast, we demonstrated that B-1 cells derived from IL-10 KO mice did not favor the intracellular growth of L. major.RESULTS We report that B-1 cells promote the growth of L. major amastigotes inside peritoneal murine macrophages. We demonstrated that the modulatory effect was independent of physical contact between the cells, suggesting that soluble factor(s) were released into the cultures. We demonstrated in our co-culture system that B-1 cells trigger IL-10 production by L. major-infected macrophages. Furthermore, the increased secretion of IL-10 was attributed to the presence of the lipid mediator PGE2 in supernatants of L. major-infected macrophages. The presence of B-1 cells also favors the production of lipid bodies by infected macrophages. In contrast, we failed to obtain the same effect on parasite replication inside L. major-infected macrophages when the B-1 cells were isolated from IL-10 knockout mice. CONCLUSION Our results show that elevated levels of PGE2 and IL-10 produced by B-1 cells increase L. major growth, as indicated by the number of parasites in cell cultures.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the mechanistic action of brewers' rice in regulating the Wnt/nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)/Nrf2-signaling pathways during colon carcinogenesis in male Sprague-Dawley rats.METHODS: Male Spragu...AIM: To investigate the mechanistic action of brewers' rice in regulating the Wnt/nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)/Nrf2-signaling pathways during colon carcinogenesis in male Sprague-Dawley rats.METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the following five groups(six rats in each group):(G1) normal,(G2) azoxymethane(AOM) alone,(G3) AOM + 10%(weight(w)/weight(w)) brewers' rice,(G4) AOM + 20%(w/w) brewers' rice, and(G5) AOM + 40%(w/w) brewers' rice. They were intraperitoneally administered 15 mg/kg body weight of AOM in saline once weekly over a twoweek period and treated with an American Institute of Nutrition(AIN)-93 G diet containing 10%, 20%, and 40%(w/w) brewers' rice. The m RNA levels of glycogen synthase kinase 3β(GSK 3β), β-catenin, key inflammation markers, nuclear factor E2-related factor 2(Nrf2), and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)-dependent transcriptional activity were assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses. The colon superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide levels were also analyzed to assess the antioxidant effect of these treatments. The results were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA), and a P value of < 0.05 was considered significant.RESULTS: The overall analyses demonstrated that the dietary administration of brewers' rice in AOM-induced rat colon carcinogenesis resulted in the transcriptional upregulation of GSK 3β, inducible nitric oxide synthase(i NOS), Nrf2, and HO-1. We discovered that the dietary administration of brewers' rice downregulated the β-catenin and NF-κB m RNA levels. A significant reduction in β-catenin expression was found in the groups administered with 20%(0.611 ± 0.034) and 40%(0.436 ± 0.045)(w/w) brewers' rice compared with that of the group treated with AOM alone(1.000 ± 0.064)(P < 0.05). The NF-κB expression was significantly lower between the AOM-alone group(1.000 ± 0.048) and those groups fed with diets containing 10%(w/w) brewers' rice(0.255 ± 0.022), 20%(w/w) brewers' rice(0.450 ± 0.045), or 40%(w/w) brewers' rice(0.541 ± 0.027)(P < 0.05). Brewers' rice improved the antioxidant levels, indicating that brewers' rice can enhance effective recovery from oxidative stress induced by AOM.CONCLUSION: Our results provide evidence that brewers' rice can suppress colon cancer via the regulation of Nrf2 expression and the inhibition of the Wnt/NF-κB signaling pathways.展开更多
基金Supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.19375029Science Fund of China Nuclear Industry Incorporation under Grant No.J95AY5021Fund for Excellent Young University Teachers of Chinese National Education Commission.
文摘The quadrupole interactions between neutrons and protons are calculated using Nilsson+BCS model for the neutron-rich even-even rare-earth nuclei.This is used to study the saturation of B(E2)'s in this mass region.The neutron numbers at which saturation of B(E2)occurs are calculated for each isotopic chain.In particular,the calculation suggests that B(E2)saturation may occur in the 2nd half of the 82-126 major shell in erbium and ytterbium.
文摘Objective.To study whether the abilities of hepatitis C virus(HCV)E2 gene immunization to induce humoral and cellular immune responses to E2 protein were affected by hepatitis B virus(HBV)preS gene when they were fused in DNA-immunized mice.Methods.Mice were immunized with E2,preS-E2(preS gene was upstream of E2 gene),and E2-preS(preS gene was downstream of E2 gene)gene by their eukaryotic expression vectors,respectively.The anti-E2 or anti-preS antibodies were detected using the E2 and preS antigens.The cellular immune response to E2 pro-tein in immunized mice was presented by its survival time after injecting SP2/O myeloma cells expressing HCV E2 protein into the abdominal cavity.Results. Chimeric E2 and preS gene immunization can induce mice to develop anti-preS and anti-E2 antibodies.The number of the mice developing anti-E2 antibody and the antibody titers in preS-E2 gene-injected group were higher than those in E2-preS gene-immunized group.However,the mice injected with E2 gene did not develop the detectable anti-E2 antibodies until 12 weeks after DNA immunization.After the mice was injected with target cells,the average survival time of the mice in the group immunized with E2 gene alone was longer than that of the group injected with E2 gene fused with HBV preS and was significantly longer than that of the control(P< 0.05).Conclusion.HBV preS might be a humoral enhancer that can affect the abilities of HCV E2 protein to in-duce immune responses in DNA-immunized mice.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘The energy levels and the E2 transition probabilities B(E2)of uranium isotopes ^(230-238)U are calculated by the 1/N expansion technique with the consistent Q framework in sdIBMl.The energy spectra for the five isotopes and B(E2)of ^(236)U can be reproduced quite well with a few number of parameters only.
文摘AIM To investigate the modulatory effect of B-1 cells on murine peritoneal macrophages infected with Leishmania major(L. major) in vitro.METHODS Peritoneal macrophages obtained from BALB/c andBALB/c XID mice were infected with L. major and cultured in the presence or absence of B-1 cells obtained from wild-type BALB/c mice. Intracellular amastigotes were counted, and interleukin-10(IL-10) production was quantified in the cellular supernatants using an enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. The levels of the lipid mediator prostaglandin E2(PGE2) were determined using a PGE2 enzyme immunoassay kit(Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI), and the number of lipid bodies was quantified in the cytoplasm of infected macrophages in the presence and absence of B-1 cells. Culturing the cells with selective PGE2-neutralizing drugs inhibited PGE2 production and confirmed the role of this lipid mediator in IL-10 production. In contrast, we demonstrated that B-1 cells derived from IL-10 KO mice did not favor the intracellular growth of L. major.RESULTS We report that B-1 cells promote the growth of L. major amastigotes inside peritoneal murine macrophages. We demonstrated that the modulatory effect was independent of physical contact between the cells, suggesting that soluble factor(s) were released into the cultures. We demonstrated in our co-culture system that B-1 cells trigger IL-10 production by L. major-infected macrophages. Furthermore, the increased secretion of IL-10 was attributed to the presence of the lipid mediator PGE2 in supernatants of L. major-infected macrophages. The presence of B-1 cells also favors the production of lipid bodies by infected macrophages. In contrast, we failed to obtain the same effect on parasite replication inside L. major-infected macrophages when the B-1 cells were isolated from IL-10 knockout mice. CONCLUSION Our results show that elevated levels of PGE2 and IL-10 produced by B-1 cells increase L. major growth, as indicated by the number of parasites in cell cultures.
基金Supported by Ministry of Education,Malaysia(RUGS-2 project,No.05-02-12-1862RU)
文摘AIM: To investigate the mechanistic action of brewers' rice in regulating the Wnt/nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)/Nrf2-signaling pathways during colon carcinogenesis in male Sprague-Dawley rats.METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the following five groups(six rats in each group):(G1) normal,(G2) azoxymethane(AOM) alone,(G3) AOM + 10%(weight(w)/weight(w)) brewers' rice,(G4) AOM + 20%(w/w) brewers' rice, and(G5) AOM + 40%(w/w) brewers' rice. They were intraperitoneally administered 15 mg/kg body weight of AOM in saline once weekly over a twoweek period and treated with an American Institute of Nutrition(AIN)-93 G diet containing 10%, 20%, and 40%(w/w) brewers' rice. The m RNA levels of glycogen synthase kinase 3β(GSK 3β), β-catenin, key inflammation markers, nuclear factor E2-related factor 2(Nrf2), and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)-dependent transcriptional activity were assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses. The colon superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide levels were also analyzed to assess the antioxidant effect of these treatments. The results were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA), and a P value of < 0.05 was considered significant.RESULTS: The overall analyses demonstrated that the dietary administration of brewers' rice in AOM-induced rat colon carcinogenesis resulted in the transcriptional upregulation of GSK 3β, inducible nitric oxide synthase(i NOS), Nrf2, and HO-1. We discovered that the dietary administration of brewers' rice downregulated the β-catenin and NF-κB m RNA levels. A significant reduction in β-catenin expression was found in the groups administered with 20%(0.611 ± 0.034) and 40%(0.436 ± 0.045)(w/w) brewers' rice compared with that of the group treated with AOM alone(1.000 ± 0.064)(P < 0.05). The NF-κB expression was significantly lower between the AOM-alone group(1.000 ± 0.048) and those groups fed with diets containing 10%(w/w) brewers' rice(0.255 ± 0.022), 20%(w/w) brewers' rice(0.450 ± 0.045), or 40%(w/w) brewers' rice(0.541 ± 0.027)(P < 0.05). Brewers' rice improved the antioxidant levels, indicating that brewers' rice can enhance effective recovery from oxidative stress induced by AOM.CONCLUSION: Our results provide evidence that brewers' rice can suppress colon cancer via the regulation of Nrf2 expression and the inhibition of the Wnt/NF-κB signaling pathways.
