Alzheimer’s disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder defined by decreased reasoning abilities,memory loss,and cognitive deterioration.The presence of the blood-brain barrier presents a major obstacle to the dev...Alzheimer’s disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder defined by decreased reasoning abilities,memory loss,and cognitive deterioration.The presence of the blood-brain barrier presents a major obstacle to the development of effective drug therapies for Alzheimer’s disease.The use of ultrasound as a novel physical modulation approach has garnered widespread attention in recent years.As a safe and feasible therapeutic and drug-delivery method,ultrasound has shown promise in improving cognitive deficits.This article provides a summary of the application of ultrasound technology for treating Alzheimer’s disease over the past 5 years,including standalone ultrasound treatment,ultrasound combined with microbubbles or drug therapy,and magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound therapy.Emphasis is placed on the benefits of introducing these treatment methods and their potential mechanisms.We found that several ultrasound methods can open the blood-brain barrier and effectively alleviate amyloid-βplaque deposition.We believe that ultrasound is an effective therapy for Alzheimer’s disease,and this review provides a theoretical basis for future ultrasound treatment methods.展开更多
BACKGROUND Congenital cytomegalovirus(CMV)infection represents a significant public health concern as the most prevalent viral infection in newborns,potentially leading to severe neurological and developmental complic...BACKGROUND Congenital cytomegalovirus(CMV)infection represents a significant public health concern as the most prevalent viral infection in newborns,potentially leading to severe neurological and developmental complications.The majority of cases are asymptomatic and remain undetected during pregnancy due to the absence of effective screening methods.CASE SUMMARY A 27-year-old primigravida presented for early pregnancy ultrasound,which revealed an atypical finding:A normal anechoic thalamus appearing hyperechoic on the mid-sagittal view of the fetal head.Subsequent ultrasound examinations during mid and late gestation demonstrated classic intracranial features sug-gestive of congenital CMV infection.Chromosomal karyotyping and microarray analysis of the fetus yielded no significant abnormalities.Following compre-hensive prenatal counseling regarding potential adverse fetal outcomes,the patient elected to continue her pregnancy.She ultimately underwent cesarean delivery at 42 weeks gestation at another facility,resulting in the birth of a female neonate.At five months of age,the infant presented with epilepsy and significant growth and developmental delays.CONCLUSION Congenital CMV infection occurs during the first trimester may manifest as hyperechoic thalamus which can be revealed by ultrasound in the mid-saggital view of the fetal head.Future research should investigate the correlation between echogenic thalamus and developmental outcomes,as well as explore early sc-reening techniques for suspected congenital CMV infection cases.展开更多
BACKGROUND Adrenocortical oncocytoma is a rare,mostly benign,nonfunctional tumor that is typically detected incidentally.Its diagnosis is challenging because of the absence of distinctive imaging characteristics,neces...BACKGROUND Adrenocortical oncocytoma is a rare,mostly benign,nonfunctional tumor that is typically detected incidentally.Its diagnosis is challenging because of the absence of distinctive imaging characteristics,necessitating pathological validation.CASE SUMMARY We present a case report of a 35-year-old woman with an adrenal mass located on the left side,where endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration(EUSFNA)was performed after comprehensive diagnostic assessment.Our results are consistent with those of previously documented cases regarding tumor demographics and anatomical location.Given the limited number of reports on this condition,long-term follow-up is crucial to enhance our understanding of its prognosis.CONCLUSION For patients with adrenocortical oncocytoma,EUS-FNA can enables collection of preoperative tissue specimens leading to suitable treatment strategies.展开更多
BACKGROUND: The traditional therapy for hepatic cysts has limited success because of recrudescence. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has become popular because of its advantages including little damage, therapeutic effec...BACKGROUND: The traditional therapy for hepatic cysts has limited success because of recrudescence. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has become popular because of its advantages including little damage, therapeutic effect and reduced suffering. This report describes the effects and reliability of RFA in the treatment of 29 patients with hepatic cysts. METHODS: B-ultrasound-guided REA was used to treat hepatic mono-cyst or multi-cysts of 29 patients (63 tumors). Ablative efficiency and complications were assessed by imaging and clinical symptoms. RESULTS: The tumors were abated completely in 34 cysts with a diameter <5 cm and no recurrence was seen after 3 months. In 21 cysts with a diameter of 5-10 cm, tumor volume was decreased by over 70%, then reduction and fiberosis were found. In 8 cysts with a diameter greater than 10 cm, tumor volume was decreased by more than 60%, and in 2 cysts it was increased more slightly than that at I month after REA. In subsequent follow-up (6 and 12 months after REA), tumors <10 cm in diameter were fully ablated. No significant discomfort and complications were found in any patient. CONCLUSION: RFA for the treatment of hepatic cysts is safe, and free from complications.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hepatic neuroendocrine neoplasm(hNEN) is a highly heterogeneous tumor. The exact identification of the source and malignant degree of hNEN is important.However, there is a lack of information regarding diag...BACKGROUND Hepatic neuroendocrine neoplasm(hNEN) is a highly heterogeneous tumor. The exact identification of the source and malignant degree of hNEN is important.However, there is a lack of information regarding diagnosis of hNEN with imaging. In addition, no studies have compared the imaging between hNEN and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and among different sources and malignant degrees of hNEN.AIM To compare the ultrasound characteristics between hNEN and HCC and among different sources and malignant degrees of hNEN.METHODS A total of 55 patients with hNEN were recruited and defined as the hNEN group.Among them, 35 cases of hNET were defined as the hNET group. Twenty cases of hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma(hNEC) were defined as the hNEC group.Among the 55 lesions, 29 were transferred from the pancreas, 20 were from the gastrointestinal tract, and six were from other sites. In total, 55 patients with HCC were recruited and defined as the HCC group. The characteristic differences of Bmode ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) between hNEN and HCC and among different sources and malignant degrees of hNEN were compared.RESULTS In the hNEN group, the proportions of multiple liver lesions, unclear borders,and high echo lesions were higher than those in the HCC group. The proportions of non-uniform echo and peripheral acoustic halo were lower than those in the HCC group(P < 0.05). The washout to iso-enhancement time and washout to hypo-enhancement time were lower than those in the HCC group(P < 0.05). The characteristics of B-ultrasound and CEUS among different sources of hNEN were similar, and the differences were not statistically significant(P > 0.05). B-mode ultrasound characteristics of hNET and hNEC were similar. The proportions of low enhancement at portal venous phase, non-uniform enhancement forms, and combined tumor vasculature in the hNEC group were larger than those in the hNEN group(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION Compared with HCC, hNEN showed multiple intrahepatic lesions, uniform high echo, uniform high enhancement at arterial phase, and rapid washout. Low enhancement at portal venous phase, overall non-uniform enhancement form,and the proportion of combined tumor vasculature in hNEC were larger than those in hNET.展开更多
Objective： The purpose of this study was to address the issues that occur during the B-ultrasound guided peripherally inserted central catheter（PICC） process and to give a summary of the effective management to the...Objective： The purpose of this study was to address the issues that occur during the B-ultrasound guided peripherally inserted central catheter（PICC） process and to give a summary of the effective management to these issues accordingly.Methods： The information was collected retrospectively on all of the 1950 PICCs inserted during the 2-year period from July 2013 to July 2015. PICC catheter insertion was performed using the Seldinger approach and was delivered from the basilic vein to the superior vena cava in a B-ultrasound guided manner. Moreover, the point raised during the PICC process would be treated immediately.Results： All of the PICCs were inserted successfully. The problems encountered are shown in the inserted central catheter（PICC） process, such as failures of venipuncture, the problem of inserting guide wire, the catheter was dif？cult to be delivered etc.Conclusions： The B-ultrasound guided approach enhanced the average success regarding the PICC insertion, particularly for the subset with a poor condition in the elbow super？cial vein. Due to the items that emerged in the PICC process, the effective prevention prior to surgery and treatment during the operation would be necessary.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the diagnostic value of B-scan ultrasound and explore the cytological characteristics of patients with vitreoretinal lymphoma(VRL) and primary central nervous system lymphoma(PCNSL).METHODS: The clini...AIM: To evaluate the diagnostic value of B-scan ultrasound and explore the cytological characteristics of patients with vitreoretinal lymphoma(VRL) and primary central nervous system lymphoma(PCNSL).METHODS: The clinical data and pathologic specimens from patients with VRL diagnosed at the North Huashan Hospital from 2016 to 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were diagnosed by slit lamp ophthalmoscopy, B-scan ultrasound, cytology of the vitreous, which was obtained by vitrectomy, and cytokine measurements of interleukin(IL)-10 and IL-6.RESULTS: Twenty-six eyes(19.4%) out of 134 eyes of 67 patients(47 men and 20 women) with PCNSL were diagnosed with VRL by B-scan ultrasound, and 14 eyes(10.4%) were diagnosed by slit lamp ophthalmoscopy. Twenty-four eyes(17.9%) of 17 patients were confirmed as having VRL with cytology. No difference in the association between intracranial lesion location and ocular involvement was found. VRL patients had higher levels of vitreous IL-10 and IL-10/IL-6 when compared with macular hole cases, but the difference was not statistically significant.CONCLUSION: A total of 25.4% of the PCNSL patients had VRL, B-scan ultrasound examination had characteristic features and is recommended over slit lamp ophthalmoscopy for the screening diagnosis of PCNSL with intraocular involvement. Moreover, the cytological and immunohistochemical analyses performed after 25-gauge diagnostic vitrectomy were accurate diagnostic techniques.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82371886(to JY),81925020(to DM),82202797(to LW),and 82271218(to CZ).
文摘Alzheimer’s disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder defined by decreased reasoning abilities,memory loss,and cognitive deterioration.The presence of the blood-brain barrier presents a major obstacle to the development of effective drug therapies for Alzheimer’s disease.The use of ultrasound as a novel physical modulation approach has garnered widespread attention in recent years.As a safe and feasible therapeutic and drug-delivery method,ultrasound has shown promise in improving cognitive deficits.This article provides a summary of the application of ultrasound technology for treating Alzheimer’s disease over the past 5 years,including standalone ultrasound treatment,ultrasound combined with microbubbles or drug therapy,and magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound therapy.Emphasis is placed on the benefits of introducing these treatment methods and their potential mechanisms.We found that several ultrasound methods can open the blood-brain barrier and effectively alleviate amyloid-βplaque deposition.We believe that ultrasound is an effective therapy for Alzheimer’s disease,and this review provides a theoretical basis for future ultrasound treatment methods.
文摘BACKGROUND Congenital cytomegalovirus(CMV)infection represents a significant public health concern as the most prevalent viral infection in newborns,potentially leading to severe neurological and developmental complications.The majority of cases are asymptomatic and remain undetected during pregnancy due to the absence of effective screening methods.CASE SUMMARY A 27-year-old primigravida presented for early pregnancy ultrasound,which revealed an atypical finding:A normal anechoic thalamus appearing hyperechoic on the mid-sagittal view of the fetal head.Subsequent ultrasound examinations during mid and late gestation demonstrated classic intracranial features sug-gestive of congenital CMV infection.Chromosomal karyotyping and microarray analysis of the fetus yielded no significant abnormalities.Following compre-hensive prenatal counseling regarding potential adverse fetal outcomes,the patient elected to continue her pregnancy.She ultimately underwent cesarean delivery at 42 weeks gestation at another facility,resulting in the birth of a female neonate.At five months of age,the infant presented with epilepsy and significant growth and developmental delays.CONCLUSION Congenital CMV infection occurs during the first trimester may manifest as hyperechoic thalamus which can be revealed by ultrasound in the mid-saggital view of the fetal head.Future research should investigate the correlation between echogenic thalamus and developmental outcomes,as well as explore early sc-reening techniques for suspected congenital CMV infection cases.
文摘BACKGROUND Adrenocortical oncocytoma is a rare,mostly benign,nonfunctional tumor that is typically detected incidentally.Its diagnosis is challenging because of the absence of distinctive imaging characteristics,necessitating pathological validation.CASE SUMMARY We present a case report of a 35-year-old woman with an adrenal mass located on the left side,where endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration(EUSFNA)was performed after comprehensive diagnostic assessment.Our results are consistent with those of previously documented cases regarding tumor demographics and anatomical location.Given the limited number of reports on this condition,long-term follow-up is crucial to enhance our understanding of its prognosis.CONCLUSION For patients with adrenocortical oncocytoma,EUS-FNA can enables collection of preoperative tissue specimens leading to suitable treatment strategies.
文摘BACKGROUND: The traditional therapy for hepatic cysts has limited success because of recrudescence. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has become popular because of its advantages including little damage, therapeutic effect and reduced suffering. This report describes the effects and reliability of RFA in the treatment of 29 patients with hepatic cysts. METHODS: B-ultrasound-guided REA was used to treat hepatic mono-cyst or multi-cysts of 29 patients (63 tumors). Ablative efficiency and complications were assessed by imaging and clinical symptoms. RESULTS: The tumors were abated completely in 34 cysts with a diameter <5 cm and no recurrence was seen after 3 months. In 21 cysts with a diameter of 5-10 cm, tumor volume was decreased by over 70%, then reduction and fiberosis were found. In 8 cysts with a diameter greater than 10 cm, tumor volume was decreased by more than 60%, and in 2 cysts it was increased more slightly than that at I month after REA. In subsequent follow-up (6 and 12 months after REA), tumors <10 cm in diameter were fully ablated. No significant discomfort and complications were found in any patient. CONCLUSION: RFA for the treatment of hepatic cysts is safe, and free from complications.
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatic neuroendocrine neoplasm(hNEN) is a highly heterogeneous tumor. The exact identification of the source and malignant degree of hNEN is important.However, there is a lack of information regarding diagnosis of hNEN with imaging. In addition, no studies have compared the imaging between hNEN and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and among different sources and malignant degrees of hNEN.AIM To compare the ultrasound characteristics between hNEN and HCC and among different sources and malignant degrees of hNEN.METHODS A total of 55 patients with hNEN were recruited and defined as the hNEN group.Among them, 35 cases of hNET were defined as the hNET group. Twenty cases of hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma(hNEC) were defined as the hNEC group.Among the 55 lesions, 29 were transferred from the pancreas, 20 were from the gastrointestinal tract, and six were from other sites. In total, 55 patients with HCC were recruited and defined as the HCC group. The characteristic differences of Bmode ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) between hNEN and HCC and among different sources and malignant degrees of hNEN were compared.RESULTS In the hNEN group, the proportions of multiple liver lesions, unclear borders,and high echo lesions were higher than those in the HCC group. The proportions of non-uniform echo and peripheral acoustic halo were lower than those in the HCC group(P < 0.05). The washout to iso-enhancement time and washout to hypo-enhancement time were lower than those in the HCC group(P < 0.05). The characteristics of B-ultrasound and CEUS among different sources of hNEN were similar, and the differences were not statistically significant(P > 0.05). B-mode ultrasound characteristics of hNET and hNEC were similar. The proportions of low enhancement at portal venous phase, non-uniform enhancement forms, and combined tumor vasculature in the hNEC group were larger than those in the hNEN group(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION Compared with HCC, hNEN showed multiple intrahepatic lesions, uniform high echo, uniform high enhancement at arterial phase, and rapid washout. Low enhancement at portal venous phase, overall non-uniform enhancement form,and the proportion of combined tumor vasculature in hNEC were larger than those in hNET.
文摘Objective： The purpose of this study was to address the issues that occur during the B-ultrasound guided peripherally inserted central catheter（PICC） process and to give a summary of the effective management to these issues accordingly.Methods： The information was collected retrospectively on all of the 1950 PICCs inserted during the 2-year period from July 2013 to July 2015. PICC catheter insertion was performed using the Seldinger approach and was delivered from the basilic vein to the superior vena cava in a B-ultrasound guided manner. Moreover, the point raised during the PICC process would be treated immediately.Results： All of the PICCs were inserted successfully. The problems encountered are shown in the inserted central catheter（PICC） process, such as failures of venipuncture, the problem of inserting guide wire, the catheter was dif？cult to be delivered etc.Conclusions： The B-ultrasound guided approach enhanced the average success regarding the PICC insertion, particularly for the subset with a poor condition in the elbow super？cial vein. Due to the items that emerged in the PICC process, the effective prevention prior to surgery and treatment during the operation would be necessary.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81700123)the Shanghai Hospital Development Centre(No.16CR2043B)
文摘AIM: To evaluate the diagnostic value of B-scan ultrasound and explore the cytological characteristics of patients with vitreoretinal lymphoma(VRL) and primary central nervous system lymphoma(PCNSL).METHODS: The clinical data and pathologic specimens from patients with VRL diagnosed at the North Huashan Hospital from 2016 to 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were diagnosed by slit lamp ophthalmoscopy, B-scan ultrasound, cytology of the vitreous, which was obtained by vitrectomy, and cytokine measurements of interleukin(IL)-10 and IL-6.RESULTS: Twenty-six eyes(19.4%) out of 134 eyes of 67 patients(47 men and 20 women) with PCNSL were diagnosed with VRL by B-scan ultrasound, and 14 eyes(10.4%) were diagnosed by slit lamp ophthalmoscopy. Twenty-four eyes(17.9%) of 17 patients were confirmed as having VRL with cytology. No difference in the association between intracranial lesion location and ocular involvement was found. VRL patients had higher levels of vitreous IL-10 and IL-10/IL-6 when compared with macular hole cases, but the difference was not statistically significant.CONCLUSION: A total of 25.4% of the PCNSL patients had VRL, B-scan ultrasound examination had characteristic features and is recommended over slit lamp ophthalmoscopy for the screening diagnosis of PCNSL with intraocular involvement. Moreover, the cytological and immunohistochemical analyses performed after 25-gauge diagnostic vitrectomy were accurate diagnostic techniques.
