Evaluation of The Effectiveness of Abdominal and Vaginal B-Ultrasound in The Diagnosis of Acute Abdomen in Obstetrics and Gynecology

Objective: To explore the clinical effect of the combined application of abdominal and vaginal B-ultrasound in the diagnosis of acute abdomen in obstetrics and gynecology. Methods: Eighty patients admitted to our hospital from March 2023 to March 2024 were selected, all of whom were acute abdomen patients admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. In this study, the patients were divided into two groups. One group of 40 patients was given a simple abdominal B-ultrasound diagnosis (control group). The other group of 40 patients was given both abdominal and vaginal B-ultrasound examinations (experimental group). The diagnostic accuracy between the two groups was compared. Results: Patients in the experimental group had higher consistency rates with pathological diagnosis results in ectopic pregnancy rupture, embryonic arrest, acute pelvic inflammation, corpus luteum rupture, and intrauterine adhesions as compared to the control group. At the same time, the inspection accuracy rate of the experimental group (92.50%) was higher than that of the control group (70.00%) (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The combined application of abdominal and vaginal B-ultrasound in the diagnosis of acute abdomen was of great significance in improving the accuracy of clinical diagnosis and guiding doctors to provide effective treatment.

Analysis of the Efficacy of Prenatal B-Ultrasound in Diagnosing Fetal Abnormalities

Objective:To explore the positive significance of using prenatal B-ultrasound in diagnosing fetal abnormalities.Methods:A total of 200 pregnant women who visited Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital between January 2023 and January 2024 were recruited as the research subjects.All pregnant women received prenatal examinations.A retrospective analysis was carried out to analyze the positive significance of prenatal B-ultrasound examination in the diagnosis of fetal abnormalities.Results:Prenatal B-ultrasound examination detected 10 cases of fetal abnormalities,with a detection rate of 5.00%.When compared with the postnatal examination results of 5.50%,the difference was insignificant(P>0.05).Moreover,comparing the fetal limb abnormalities and cardiovascular abnormalities in prenatal B-ultrasound examination and postnatal examination,one case of congenital heart disease was missed in the prenatal B-ultrasound examination,and the others were consistent with the postnatal examination results,with a coincidence rate of 90.91%,indicating a high compliance rate.Conclusion:Fetal abnormalities have a great impact on mothers,babies,and families,and it is particularly important to strengthen diagnosis during this process.Prenatal B-ultrasound examination can improve the accuracy of diagnosis of fetal abnormalities and can be promoted in clinical practice as a basis for screening fetal abnormalities.

Problem analysis and solutions of the B-ultrasound-guided peripherally inserted central catheter process

Objective： The purpose of this study was to address the issues that occur during the B-ultrasound guided peripherally inserted central catheter（PICC） process and to give a summary of the effective management to these issues accordingly.Methods： The information was collected retrospectively on all of the 1950 PICCs inserted during the 2-year period from July 2013 to July 2015. PICC catheter insertion was performed using the Seldinger approach and was delivered from the basilic vein to the superior vena cava in a B-ultrasound guided manner. Moreover, the point raised during the PICC process would be treated immediately.Results： All of the PICCs were inserted successfully. The problems encountered are shown in the inserted central catheter（PICC） process, such as failures of venipuncture, the problem of inserting guide wire, the catheter was dif？cult to be delivered etc.Conclusions： The B-ultrasound guided approach enhanced the average success regarding the PICC insertion, particularly for the subset with a poor condition in the elbow super？cial vein. Due to the items that emerged in the PICC process, the effective prevention prior to surgery and treatment during the operation would be necessary.

Analysis of B-ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound characteristics of different hepatic neuroendocrine neoplasm

BACKGROUND Hepatic neuroendocrine neoplasm(hNEN) is a highly heterogeneous tumor. The exact identification of the source and malignant degree of hNEN is important.However, there is a lack of information regarding diagnosis of hNEN with imaging. In addition, no studies have compared the imaging between hNEN and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and among different sources and malignant degrees of hNEN.AIM To compare the ultrasound characteristics between hNEN and HCC and among different sources and malignant degrees of hNEN.METHODS A total of 55 patients with hNEN were recruited and defined as the hNEN group.Among them, 35 cases of hNET were defined as the hNET group. Twenty cases of hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma(hNEC) were defined as the hNEC group.Among the 55 lesions, 29 were transferred from the pancreas, 20 were from the gastrointestinal tract, and six were from other sites. In total, 55 patients with HCC were recruited and defined as the HCC group. The characteristic differences of Bmode ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) between hNEN and HCC and among different sources and malignant degrees of hNEN were compared.RESULTS In the hNEN group, the proportions of multiple liver lesions, unclear borders,and high echo lesions were higher than those in the HCC group. The proportions of non-uniform echo and peripheral acoustic halo were lower than those in the HCC group(P < 0.05). The washout to iso-enhancement time and washout to hypo-enhancement time were lower than those in the HCC group(P < 0.05). The characteristics of B-ultrasound and CEUS among different sources of hNEN were similar, and the differences were not statistically significant(P > 0.05). B-mode ultrasound characteristics of hNET and hNEC were similar. The proportions of low enhancement at portal venous phase, non-uniform enhancement forms, and combined tumor vasculature in the hNEC group were larger than those in the hNEN group(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION Compared with HCC, hNEN showed multiple intrahepatic lesions, uniform high echo, uniform high enhancement at arterial phase, and rapid washout. Low enhancement at portal venous phase, overall non-uniform enhancement form,and the proportion of combined tumor vasculature in hNEC were larger than those in hNET.

Treatment of hepatic cysts by B-ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation

BACKGROUND: The traditional therapy for hepatic cysts has limited success because of recrudescence. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has become popular because of its advantages including little damage, therapeutic effect and reduced suffering. This report describes the effects and reliability of RFA in the treatment of 29 patients with hepatic cysts. METHODS: B-ultrasound-guided REA was used to treat hepatic mono-cyst or multi-cysts of 29 patients (63 tumors). Ablative efficiency and complications were assessed by imaging and clinical symptoms. RESULTS: The tumors were abated completely in 34 cysts with a diameter <5 cm and no recurrence was seen after 3 months. In 21 cysts with a diameter of 5-10 cm, tumor volume was decreased by over 70%, then reduction and fiberosis were found. In 8 cysts with a diameter greater than 10 cm, tumor volume was decreased by more than 60%, and in 2 cysts it was increased more slightly than that at I month after REA. In subsequent follow-up (6 and 12 months after REA), tumors <10 cm in diameter were fully ablated. No significant discomfort and complications were found in any patient. CONCLUSION: RFA for the treatment of hepatic cysts is safe, and free from complications.

Effect of Chinese herbal compound on liver fibrosis in rabbits with schistosomiasis by B-ultrasound

Objective: To explore the value of B-ultrasound on the evaluation of the effects of traditional Chinese medicine compound of Radix astragali , Salvia miltiorrhiza and Angelica sinensis , and TCM + praziquantel on liver fibrosis in rabbits with schistosomiasis. Methods: The hepatic fibrosis model in rabbits with schistosomiasis was established. The experimental animals (24 rabbits) were randomly divided into four groups (group A, B, C and D, n =6). Group A (control group) was only treated by praziquantel; Group B was treated by mixture of Radix astragali and Salvia miltiorrhiza + praziquantel; Group C was treated by mixture of Radix astragali and Angelica sinensis + praziquantel; Group D was treated by mixture of Radix astragali, Salvia miltiorrhiza and Angelica sinensis + praziquantel. Then B-ultrasonogram was used to evaluate the effects. Results: Each group showed certain curative effect on liver fibrosis in rabbits with schistosomiasis. The efficacy of group B, C and D was better than group A, and that of group D was the best. The differences in long diameter, thickness diameter, transverse diameter and portal vein inner diameter of liver before and after treatment were statistically significant ( P <0.05). The liver function indexes and liver fibrosis indexes were significantly improved after treatment ( P <0.05). Conclusions: The mixture of Radix astragali, Salvia miltiorrhiza and Angelica sinensis combined with Western medicine treatment can obviously improve the efficacy on liver fibrosis of schistosomiasis.

床旁心肺联合超声对心源性肺水肿的诊断价值

目的:探讨床旁心肺联合超声对心源性肺水肿的诊断价值。方法:选取2020年12月至2022年4月,于中国中医科学院望京医院因急性呼吸困难住院的患者67例,根据诊断结果分为心源性肺水肿组(39例)和非心源性肺水肿组(28例)。所有患者住院后行肺超声检查,通过测量B线总数来计算B线评分,并用超声心动图检查测量LVEF、二尖瓣口舒张早期血流速度(E)与二尖瓣环舒张早期运动速度(E’)之比(E/E’);测定血浆中NT-proBNP的浓度。利用Pearson相关法分析B线评分与LVEF、E/E’、NT-proBNP之间的相关性。通过绘制B线评分及NT-proBNP的ROC曲线,比较曲线下面积(AUC),进而评价和比较B线评分与NT-proBNP在诊断心源性肺水肿中的敏感性、特异性和准确性。结果:心源性肺水肿患者的B线评分、E/E’值及NT-proBNP值均高于非心源性肺水肿(t=7.517,t=10.537,t=31.857;所有P<0.001),而LVEF值则相对较低(t=-30.766,P<0.001)。此外,B线评分和血清NT-proBNP、E/E’呈显著正相关(r=0.787;r=0.649;所有P<0.001),与LVEF呈负相关(r=-0.705,P<0.001)。ROC曲线分析进一步显示,以B线评分作为诊断心源性呼吸困难的指标时,其ROC曲线下的面积达到0.9595,AUC值超过0.9,显示出较高的预测价值。当B线评分>8时,其诊断心源性肺水肿的敏感度为78.9%,特异度为95%,将临界值设为8分,其诊断的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值均较高。此外,与NT-proBNP相比,B线评分在诊断心源性呼吸困难时表现出更高的敏感性、特异性和准确性。结论:床旁心肺联合超声对心源性肺水肿诊断准确率较高,且灵活便捷,值得临床推广;将B线评分临界值设为8分,其诊断的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值均较高。

浸润式B超引导下的A超分段式声速测量在致密型白内障眼轴测量中的准确性

目的:观察浸润式B超引导下的A超分段式声速测量在致密型白内障眼轴测量中的准确性。方法:前瞻性研究。选取成都爱尔眼科医院2020-08/2022-08致密型白内障患者86例90眼,男61例59眼,女25例31眼,平均年龄66.49±14.55岁。术前分别采用接触式A超,浸润式B超引导下A超分段式声速测量法与IOL Master 700测量眼轴(AL)、前房深度(ACD)(含角膜厚度)、角膜曲率(K)、晶状体厚度(LT)、中央角膜厚度(CCT)、白到白角膜直径(WTW)。术后1 wk,使用IOL Master 700的无晶状体眼模式复测眼轴长度。分析三种设备测量眼轴的一致性与相关性。结果:术前接触式A超与浸润式B超引导下A超分段式声速测量眼轴为23.40(22.63,23.89)、23.70(23.04,24.25)mm,术后1 wk IOL Master 700测量眼轴为23.72(23.01,24.27)mm。接触式A超与浸润式B超引导下A超分段式声速测量法、术后IOL Master 700测量眼轴差异均有统计学意义(P=0.018),而浸润式B超引导下A超分段式声速测量法与术后IOL Master 700测量眼轴差异无统计学意义(P=0.991)。通过Bland-Altman分析,浸润式B超引导下A超分段式声速测量法与IOL Master 700测量眼轴有很好的一致性(P=0.0809)。术前浸润式B超引导下A超分段式声速测量法与术后IOL Master 700眼轴正相关(r s=0.992,P<0.0001),术前接触式A超与术后IOL Master 700眼轴正相关(r s=0.989,P<0.0001)。结论:对于致密型白内障,浸润式B超引导下A超分段式声速测量比接触式A超更接近术后IOL Master 700眼轴测量数据,具有良好的相关性和一致性。

肺超声技术在血液透析患者容量评估中的临床应用

目的探讨肺超声B线在血液透析患者容量状态评估中的应用价值。方法选取2022年1月至2023年6月该院透析中心93例维持性血液透析患者,使用超声分别测量透析前后B线数量、下腔静脉直径(IVCD),比较透析前后两者的变化,并分析透析前后B线数量与IVCD的相关性。同时选取其中62例合并高血压患者,分别采用传统临床评估法和肺超声B线评估法以调整透析干体重,比较2组患者透析后B线数量、干体重下降程度、血压、透析低血压发生率的差异。结果透析后B线数量及IVCD、体重均低于透析前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);透析前B线数量与IVCD呈正相关(r=0.536,P<0.05)。相比传统评估组,肺超声B线组患者的血压下降程度、干体重下降幅度更大,透析低血压发生率更低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在血液透析患者中,应用肺超声B线检测进行容量评估具有较好的临床价值。

供体超数排卵和受体同期发情方法对秋季老龄辽宁绒山羊胚胎移植效果的影响

试验旨在应用胚胎移植技术提高优质老龄辽宁绒山羊母羊遗传资源利用效率。在秋季以8只平均年龄6.75岁优质辽宁绒山羊母羊做供体、28只平均年龄6.64岁辽宁绒山羊和与奶山羊杂交母羊做受体,采用公羊试情法和手术法子宫角冲取胚胎方法,比较不同超数排卵、同期发情方法对老龄绒山羊胚胎移植效果的影响。结果显示:超数排卵方法Ⅱ组供体母羊发情率、平均可用胚胎数和可利用率显著高于超数排卵方法Ⅰ组(P<0.05);同期发情方法Ⅰ组受体母羊发情率高于同期发情方法Ⅱ组,但差异不显著(P>0.05);供体超数排卵方法Ⅱ+受体同期发情方法Ⅱ组胚胎移植受体母羊妊娠率显著高于供体超数排卵方法Ⅰ+受体同期发情方法Ⅰ组(P<0.05),产羔率高于供体超数排卵方法Ⅰ+受体同期发情方法Ⅰ组,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。根据胚胎移植受体母羊产羔情况,验证B超早期妊娠诊断准确率为91.67%(11/12),B超早期妊娠诊断检出率为88.89%(8/9)。研究表明,超数排卵方法Ⅱ组供体母羊超数排卵效果最好,超数排卵方法Ⅱ+同期发情方法Ⅱ组胚胎移植妊娠率、产羔率最高,是老龄辽宁绒山羊母羊胚胎移植最佳技术方法。

不同方法建立小鼠肝癌原位移植瘤模型差异性的探讨

目的 比较肿瘤细胞注射和肿瘤组织块移植方法建立小鼠肝癌原位模型的差异,为小鼠肝癌原位模型的建立提供技术参考。方法 取健康雄性KM小鼠,随机分为4组:A组注射小鼠肝癌H22细胞;B组注射腹水型肝癌H22细胞;C组采用小鼠肝癌组织块移植法;D组肝部注射生理盐水作为假手术组。定期观察各组小鼠活动情况、体重变化。记录4组小鼠的生存时间。观察各组小鼠肝部成瘤状况、肿瘤程度、与腹腔脏器粘连程度和转移情况,并进行B超成像,检测血清中甲胎蛋白(alpha-fetoprotein, AFP)、异常凝血酶原(des-gamma-carboxyprothrombin, DCP)的浓度及苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察肝组织病理学变化。结果 A组、B组、C组小鼠造模操作时间分别为(3.36±0.44)min、(3.30±0.41)min、(5.68±0.65)min。建模第25天,A组、B组、C组小鼠成瘤率均100.0%,A组腹腔重度粘连率为40.0%,B组腹腔重度粘连率为60.0%,C组与D组均未出现重度腹腔粘连。A组、 B组、C组小鼠腹水出现率分别为40.0%、100.0%、0.0%;腹壁瘤出现率分别为30.0%、60.0%、0.0%。B组小鼠还存在肝转移情况(40.0%)。B超成像、血清AFP和DCP水平检测、组织病理学检查结果显示,与D组小鼠相比,A组、B组、C组小鼠肝边缘均不光滑,回声欠均匀,可见稍低回声包块;保持AFP、DCP高分泌;存在大量炎症细胞与肿瘤细胞。结论 在第25天时,3种方法均可以建立肝癌原位移植模型,其中,相较于肝癌组织块移植,肿瘤细胞注射具有操作简单、肝内存在多个转移结节的特点。而肝癌组织块移植相较于肿瘤细胞注射,则具有对腹腔等脏器影响较小等特点。

盐酸消旋山莨菪碱在小儿肠套叠B超引导整复中的临床应用价值

目的:探讨盐酸消旋山莨菪碱在小儿肠套叠B超引导整复中的临床应用价值。方法:选取2020年11月—2021年12月安顺市妇幼保健院儿外科小儿肠套叠患儿220例,根据选用普通补液和盐酸消旋山莨菪碱分为两组,各110例,两组患儿均采用B超引导整复治疗,对照组患儿灌肠前0.5 h静脉补液后灌肠,研究组患儿灌肠前0.5 h静脉滴注0.6~2.0 mg/kg盐酸消旋山莨菪碱后灌肠。比较两组B超引导整复效果,比较两组复位压力、复位时间。结果:研究组B超引导整复首次成功率为95.5%,明显高于对照组的83.6%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组复位压力低于对照组,复位时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:在灌肠复位前静脉滴注盐酸消旋山莨菪碱,在小儿肠套叠B超引导整复治疗中,能够极大降低患儿手术率,提高首次整复成功率,减少复位时间,患儿复位压力更小。

多胎B超在湖羊繁殖体系中的应用

文章结合湖羊繁殖工作中母羊妊娠鉴定重要环节,引进英国BCF生产的Ovi-Scan便携式兽用多胎B超,辅助繁殖人员及时准确快速检查配种母羊怀孕状况,通过对406只成年母羊、223只青年母羊、184只复配母羊进行多胎B超妊娠检查,B超孕检受胎率分别达到80.05%、82.96%和69.56%,准确度平均达到99.34%;母羊怀孕3羔及以上多胎B超妊娠检查准确度达到95.39%;3羔及以上母羊分娩152只,产羔463只,羔羊平均初生重3.27 kg,同比提高4.81%。通过多胎B超使用,显著提高母羊孕检揭发率,并对检出空怀母羊及时配种,同时对检出怀孕3羔及以上母羊分群饲养,有效提高羔羊初生重,提高湖羊母羊繁殖效率。

CT定位下纤维支气管镜气道灌洗联合B超监测膈肌运动在小儿重症肺炎机械通气中的应用效果

目的:探讨CT定位下纤维支气管镜气道灌洗联合B超监测膈肌运动在小儿重症肺炎机械通气中的应用效果。方法:选取2022年10月至2023年10月于六盘水市人民医院及妇幼保健院收治的70例小儿重症肺炎机械通气患儿,根据随机数表法将其分为对照组和观察组,每组35例。对照组在支气管镜灌洗前未做肺部CT检查进行传统灌洗,观察组在气道灌洗前均给予CT检查,同时采用B超监测膈肌运动。检测患儿灌洗前后的心率、呼吸、血氧饱和度、呼吸力学指标以及评估儿童早期预警评分(PEWS)和改良的肺炎幸存者指数(mPIRO)评分,并通过B超测量患儿的膈肌移动度、厚度。结果:两组灌洗治疗后心率、呼吸频次均明显低于治疗前,血氧饱和度明显高于治疗前,且观察组治疗后心率(80.23±10.07)次/min、呼吸频次(18.11±5.03)次/min均明显低于对照组,血氧饱和度(97.22±1.08)%明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=3.397、3.939、7.719,P<0.05);两组灌洗治疗后肺内压、峰压、平台压、平均气道压、胸压、腹压均明显低于治疗前,且观察组上述指标水平均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=12.323、8.141、16.733、12.298、11.375、18.248,P<0.05);两组治疗后体温、脉搏、呼吸、血压各项PEWS评分及总分均明显低于治疗前,且观察组上述评分均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=67.309、58.148、35.997、30.218、5.271,P<0.05);两组灌洗治疗后年龄、实验室检测指标、症状持续时间、呼吸窘迫指数、治疗方案各项mPIRO评分及总分均明显高于治疗前,且观察组上述评分均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=7.432、7.153、7.268、5.088、4.645、4.091,P<0.05);两组治疗后膈肌移动度、厚度均明显高于治疗前,且观察组上述指标均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=63.444、6.803,P<0.05)。结论:与传统的气道灌洗相比,CT定位下纤维支气管镜气道灌洗联合B超监测膈肌具有更高的准确性和可靠性。

B超引导下塞丁格技术置入中长管在神经外科患者中的应用效果

目的探讨B超引导下塞丁格技术置入中长管在神经外科患者中的应用效果。方法选取2022年2月~2023年2月于张家港市第一人民医院收治的104例神经外科静脉治疗患者为研究对象,采用随机数表法将其分为对照组和观察组,每组各52例,对照组行传统盲穿下塞丁格技术PICC置管,观察组行B超引导下塞丁格技术置入中长导管,比较两组置管成功率、置管情况(置管安全性及非计划拔管率)、患者置管疼痛程度(VAS)和置管部位舒适度(GCQ)、置管期间相关并发症发生率(穿刺点渗血、导管移位脱出、静脉炎和导管堵塞)及满意度。结果观察组一次置管成功率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组置管安全性高于对照组(P<0.05),差异有统计学意义,观察组非计划拔管率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组疼痛程度评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),观察组舒适度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);置管期间,观察组穿刺点渗血、导管移位或脱出、静脉炎、导管堵塞的总并发症发生率(3.84%vs 15.37%)低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组的满意度(94.23%vs 75.00%)高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论B超引导下塞丁格技术导入中长导管应用于神经外科患者静脉治疗,可有效提高一次性置管成功率,保障置管的安全度,提高患者的舒适度,降低患者置管的疼痛程度,减少相关并发生症发生风险,具有较好应用价值。

基2-FFT输入分级截断算法在频域合成孔径超声成像中的研究

为提高超声频域成像算法的计算速度,提出一种应用于超声频域成像算法的基2-FFT输入分级截断算法。首先,借助于COMSOL多物理场仿真软件,建立钢件中含有孔缝缺陷的有限元模型进行声场仿真。仿真结果得到关于缺陷的回波信号,并通过PSM算法对频域内声场进行重建,得到成像区域的聚焦图像,和原始仿真信号的B扫图像相比效果更加直观且成像质量更好,验证了PSM算法的可行性。然后为了避免超声频域成像算法中二维傅里叶变换的冗余计算,进一步提出了支持任意非0值输入的基2-FFT输入分级截断算法。实验结果证明,基2-FFT输入分级截断算法比标准基2-FFT算法快27%,超声频域算法成像速度提高13%。

瞬时弹性成像技术对乙肝及自身免疫性肝病诊断效能对比分析

目的 探讨瞬时弹性成像技术(fibrotouch,FT)对乙型肝炎及自身免疫性肝病诊断效能对比价值。方法 选取我院收治的乙型肝炎患者59例(A组)、原发性胆汁性胆管炎患者31例(B组),两组均接受肝组织穿刺病理检查,获取患者病理纤维化程度分期;分别对两组进行FT检查,获得两组患者的肝硬度值(LSM),尝试分析患者LSM与病理纤维化分期的关联及差异。结果 两组患者的肝细胞炎症程度、肝组织纤维化变化基本趋于一致,Pearson分析结果显示,炎症、纤维化程度呈正相关(P<0.05);两组无纤维化、轻中度、重度纤维化患者的肝硬度值呈上升趋势,病理分期越严重,LSM越大,且不同病理分期LSM差异有统计学意义(t=234.599,321.819;均P<0.001);两组患者LSM:A组无纤维化、中轻度及重度纤维化患者LSM均低于B组,其中S0分期差异无统计学意义(t=1.780;P=0.079);S1~S2、S3~S4分期差异具有统计学意义(t=8.352,6.392;P<0.001)。结论 FT为无创、定量评估肝病患者肝脏纤维化程度的有效方式,为临床诊治提供科学依据;肝纤维化程度越高则FT检查提示LSM越高;同一病理分期下,乙型肝炎、原发性胆汁性胆管炎患者LSM存在差异;后续可尝试构建不同类型肝炎患者FT检查肝脏损伤程度参考标准。

急性期新型冠状病毒感染的肺部床旁超声特征及其与临床指标相关性的研究

目的分析急性期新型冠状病毒感染(COVID-19)的肺部床旁超声特征,探讨肺部床旁超声半定量评分(LUS)与临床指标的相关性。方法选取川北医学院附属医院收治入院的急性期COVID-19患者30例,采用BLUE-PLUS方案对患者行肺部顺序扫查,行床旁超声半定量评分;并收集患者的二氧化碳分压、阴离子间隙、PH值、标准碳酸氢根、氧分压、淋巴细胞百分比(LYM%)、淋巴细胞绝对值(LYM#)、临床分型、住院时间等临床指标,比较急性期COVID-19不同临床分型患者的LUS,分析LUS与临床指标的相关性。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,分析LUS用于普通型与(危)重型分型的效能。结果30例急性期COVID-19患者中,双侧均至少有一个肺点受累者29例(96.7%),单侧至少有一个肺点受累者1例(3.3%),15例患者出现至少一个肺点的肺实变大小>1 cm。行左、右肺相同肺点得分比较,左、右肺总得分之间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);行不同临床分型患者各肺点得分之间比较:普通型与危重型患者的左肺总得分、右肺总得分及全肺总得分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。全肺总得分诊断普通型与(危)重型分型的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.870。左肺总得分、右肺总得分、全肺总得分与LYM%、LYM#、阴离子间隙无相关性(P>0.05),与临床分型、住院时间呈正相关,与标准碳酸氢根呈负相关(P<0.05);左肺总得分、全肺总得分与PH值、氧分压呈负相关,与二氧化碳分压呈正相关(P<0.05),右肺总得分与PH值、二氧化碳分压、氧分压无相关性(P>0.05)。结论急性期COVID-19不同临床分型患者的床旁超声特征具有差异性,LUS与PH值、二氧化碳分压、标准碳酸氢根、氧分压、临床分型、住院时间存在相关性,危重型患者LUS得分较高;肺部床旁超声有望用于急性期COVID-19患者的临床分型及病情评估。

B超引导下行单胎臀位外倒转的有效性及安全性探讨

目的探讨B超引导下行单胎臀位外倒转的有效性及安全性。方法选取60例单胎臀位外倒转孕妇,根据臀位外倒转方法不同将孕妇分为观察组(实行B超引导下臀位外倒转)与对照组(不进行特殊处理),每组30例,比较两组胎位矫正成功率、分娩结局及胎儿不良结局情况。结果观察组胎位矫正成功率高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组阴道分娩率73.33%高于对照组的10.00%(P<0.05)。观察组新生儿窒息、胎儿迫、脐带脱垂总发生率低于对照组,但比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在单胎臀位外倒转中引入B超引导下操作,能够提升臀位外倒转有效性,保证安全性,具有积极影响。

心脏彩超联合B型利钠肽对慢性心力衰竭患者预后的评估价值

目的探讨心脏彩超联合B型利钠肽对慢性心力衰竭患者预后的评估价值。方法105例慢性心力衰竭患者,采用临床自制临床资料收集表收集患者一般资料,包括性别(男、女)、年龄、体质量指数、心功能分级(Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级、Ⅳ级)、合并糖尿病(否、是)、合并高血压(否、是)以及B型利钠肽、左心室射血分数、左心房内径、左心室内径、室间隔厚度水平。将患者分为预后良好组(未发生不良心血管事件)和预后不良组(发生不良心血管事件),比较预后不良组和预后良好组临床资料差异,分析上述指标与慢性心力衰竭患者预后的关系,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估各项指标在评估心力衰竭预后中的价值。结果105例慢性心力衰竭患者随访12个月共有26例发生终点事件(预后不良组),包括21例不良心血管事件再次入院、5例全因死亡,79例未发生终点事件(预后良好组)。预后良好组心功能分级(Ⅱ级占比29.11%、Ⅲ级占比45.57%、Ⅳ级占比25.32%)优于预后不良组(Ⅱ级占比11.54%、Ⅲ级占比38.46%、Ⅳ级占比50.00%),B型利钠肽(338.34±95.26)pg/ml、左心房内径(39.12±4.24)mm、左心室内径(62.04±3.12)mm、室间隔厚度(10.22±0.42)mm明显小于预后不良组的(955.68±100.38)pg/ml、(46.08±4.53)mm、(65.06±2.38)mm、(10.98±0.38)mm,左心室射血分数(48.12±3.88)%明显高于预后不良组的(41.36±4.06)%(P<0.05)。两组性别、年龄、体质量指数、合并糖尿病情况、合并高血压情况比较,无明显差异(P>0.05)。多元Logistic回归分析显示,心功能分级[OR=3.121,95%CI=(1.673,5.820)]、B型利钠肽[OR=2.425,95%CI=(1.371,4.290)]、左心室射血分数[OR=2.421,95%CI=(1.136,5.158)]、左心房内径[OR=2.504,95%CI=(1.271,4.934)]、左心室内径[OR=2.147,95%CI=(1.156,3.988)]、室间隔厚度[OR=2.522,95%CI=(1.177,5.406)]是慢性心力衰竭预后的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。左心室射血分数、左心房内径、左心室内径、室间隔厚度、B型利钠肽及五者联合检查评估慢性心力衰竭预后的ROC曲线分析显示曲线下面积分别为0.884、0.873、0.776、0.862、0.892、1,敏感性分别为85.5%、93.7%、62.6%、87.6%、92.1%、100.0%,特异性分别为12.6%、73.0%、89.7%、70.9%、71.4%、97.8%。结论心脏彩超参数(左心室射血分数、左心房内径、左心室内径、室间隔厚度)联合B型利钠肽检测在评价慢性心力衰竭患者预后中具有较高临床价值,慢性心力衰竭预后不良患者表现为左心房内径、左心室内径、室间隔厚度、B型利钠肽升高,左心室射血分数降低。