A Study on the Temperature Correlation of B-mode Ultrasonic Image Gray for Noninvasive Temperature Monitoring in Hyperthermia

This paper deals with the temperature correlation of gray scale of B-mode ultrasound image from heated tissue. In this study, many in-vitro fresh pig livers are heated in a temperature range from 28 ℃ to 45℃, from which a series of B-mode ultrasonic images of livers were obtained. The gray-value is evaluated from the ultrasound images respectively. A correlation of the mean gray value of the selected regions (12×12 pixels) in B-mode ultrasonic images of liver and its temperature was pointed out. And the experiment results agreed the evaluation well. And it is possible to monitor the tissue temperature changing in hyperthermia using this correlation.

Light and sound- emerging imaging techniques for inflammatory bowel disease

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease are known to have a high demand of recurrent evaluation for therapy and disease activity. Further, the risk of developing cancer during the disease progression is increasing from year to year. New, mostly non-radiant, quick to perform and quantitative methods are challenging, conventional endoscopy with biopsy as gold standard. Especially, new physical imaging approaches utilizing light and sound waves have facilitated the development of advanced functional and molecular modalities. Besides these advantages they hold the promise to predict personalized therapeutic responses and to spare frequent invasive procedures. Within this article we highlight their potential for initial diagnosis, assessment of disease activity and surveillance of cancer development in established techniques and recent advances such as wide-view full-spectrum endoscopy, chromoendoscopy, autofluorescence endoscopy, endocytoscopy, confocal laser endoscopy, multiphoton endoscopy, molecular imaging endoscopy, B-mode and Doppler ultrasound, contrast-enhanced ultrasound, ultrasound molecular imaging, and elastography.

Application and prospects of AI-based radiomics in ultrasound diagnosis

Artificial intelligence (AI)-based radiomics has attracted considerable research attention in the field of medical imaging, including ultrasound diagnosis. Ultrasound imaging has unique advantages such as high temporal resolution, low cost, and no radiation exposure. This renders it a preferred imaging modality for several clinical scenarios. This review includes a detailed introduction to imaging modalities, including Brightness-mode ultrasound, color Doppler flow imaging, ultrasound elastography, contrast-enhanced ultrasound, and multi-modal fusion analysis. It provides an overview of the current status and prospects of AI-based radiomics in ultrasound diagnosis, highlighting the application of AI-based radiomics to static ultrasound images, dynamic ultrasound videos, and multi-modal ultrasound fusion analysis.

Pre-Trained Deep Neural Network-Based Computer-Aided Breast Tumor Diagnosis Using ROI Structures

Deep neural network(DNN)based computer-aided breast tumor diagnosis(CABTD)method plays a vital role in the early detection and diagnosis of breast tumors.However,a Brightness mode(B-mode)ultrasound image derives training feature samples that make closer isolation toward the infection part.Hence,it is expensive due to a metaheuristic search of features occupying the global region of interest(ROI)structures of input images.Thus,it may lead to the high computational complexity of the pre-trained DNN-based CABTD method.This paper proposes a novel ensemble pretrained DNN-based CABTD method using global-and local-ROI-structures of B-mode ultrasound images.It conveys the additional consideration of a local-ROI-structures for further enhan-cing the pretrained DNN-based CABTD method’s breast tumor diagnostic performance without degrading its visual quality.The features are extracted at various depths(18,50,and 101)from the global and local ROI structures and feed to support vector machine for better classification.From the experimental results,it has been observed that the combined local and global ROI structure of small depth residual network ResNet18(0.8 in%)has produced significant improve-ment in pixel ratio as compared to ResNet50(0.5 in%)and ResNet101(0.3 in%),respectively.Subsequently,the pretrained DNN-based CABTD methods have been tested by influencing local and global ROI structures to diagnose two specific breast tumors(Benign and Malignant)and improve the diagnostic accuracy(86%)compared to Dense Net,Alex Net,VGG Net,and Google Net.Moreover,it reduces the computational complexity due to the small depth residual network ResNet18,respectively.

Estimation of Sediment Incipient Velocity Using B-Mode Ultrasound Imaging Technique

Sediment incipient velocity （SIV） is a vital parameter for sediment research and river dynamics. This paper describes a novel method of estimating SIV based on the known flow velocity in the movable-bed model experiment. In this method, we use B-mode ultrasound imaging technique to get video images of moving particles and topography under water. By statistical analysis of video images, the relationship between the average number of imaging particles and flow velocity is obtained. The relationship between the change rate of average number and flow velocity is analyzed in sediment incipient process. These relationships are used to estimate the SIV. Lastly, the changed topography verifies the estimated velocity. The results show there is a sudden change in these relationships which can be used to estimate the SIV with high resolution by using a B-mode ultrasound device. The estimated SIV of plastic sands （particle size is about 0.25 mm） is 3.64 cm · s^-1 and the estimated SIV of natural sands （particle size is about 0.25 mm） is 5.47 cm · s^-1in the same condition.

Two case reports of bilateral adrenal myelolipomas

Primary adrenal myelolipoma is a rare, non-functioning adrenal benign tumor that is composed of mature adipose tissue and a variable amount of haemopoietic elements. Clinically, it is difficult to get diagnosed with adrenal myelolipoma because the patient usually doesn't have obvious symptoms and signs in early stage. In the present study, two cases of primary bilateral adrenal myelolipomas are reported. Clinical presentation, imaging diagnostic features, histopathological changes and surgical treatments of the two patients are discussed. Preoperative diagnostic imaging examinations(B-mode ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging sans) assisted getting a prediction diagnosis of bilateral adrenal myelolipomas. A two-stage surgery was used to successfully excise bilateral adrenal myelolipomas in the two patients. Conventional open adrenalectomy was applied to remove the adrenal myelolipomas greater than 6 cm, and laparoscopic adrenalectomy was performed to excise the adrenal tumors smaller than 6 cm. Bilateral adrenal myelolipomas of the two patients were finally confirmed by postoperative histopathological examinations. Understanding clinical, imaging diagnostic and histopathological features of bilateral adrenal myelolipomas will facilitate timely diagnosis and treatment of this condition. Surgical removal of bilateral adrenal myelolipomas is safe, curative and beneficial.The two-stage surgery appears to be the best treatment option for the patients with bilateral adrenal myelolipomas because it achieves optimal treatment effectiveness with minimized sequelae.

基于稀疏表示的B型超声图像超分辨重建算法

本文针对医疗超声仪器中常用的B型超声图像超分辨率重建这一逆问题,提出一种基于稀疏表示的B型超声图像超分辨率重建算法。对于存在稀疏性的信号,稀疏表示可以得到信号的最优重建效果。为了确保稀疏性,在对B型超声图像进行深入分析的基础上引入了一种可以快速地构造超完备字典的稀疏编码算法,实现B型超声图像快速有效的超分辨率重建,并成功应用于汕头超声"宏云"系列彩超仪器。实验结果表明本算法的可行性,与其他方法相比,可以得到更好的重建效果,更好地保留图像中的边缘和细节。

Study on shock wave-induced cavitation bubbles dissolution process

This study investigated dissolution processes of cavitation bubbles generated during in vivo shock wave（SW）-induced treatments. Both active cavitation detection（ACD） and the B-mode imaging technique were applied to measure the dissolution procedure of bi Spheres contrast agent bubbles by in vitro experiments. Besides, the simulation of SW-induced cavitation bubbles dissolution behaviors detected by the B-mode imaging system during in vivo SW treatments, including extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy（ESWL） and extracorporeal shock wave therapy（ESWT）, were carried out based on calculating the integrated scattering cross-section of dissolving gas bubbles with employing gas bubble dissolution equations and Gaussian bubble size distribution. The results showed that（i） B-mode imaging technology is an effective tool to monitor the temporal evolution of cavitation bubbles dissolution procedures after the SW pulses ceased, which is important for evaluation and controlling the cavitation activity generated during subsequent SW treatments within a treatment period;（ii） the characteristics of the bubbles, such as the bubble size distribution and gas diffusion, can be estimated by simulating the experimental data properly.

An efficient quadrature demodulator for medical ultrasound imaging

Quadrature demodulation is used in medical ultrasound imaging to derive the envelope and instantaneous phase of the received radio-frequency(RF) signal.In quadrature demodulation,RF signal is multiplied with the sine and cosine wave reference signal and then low-pass filtered to produce the base-band complex signal,which has high computational complexity.In this paper,we propose an efficient quadrature demodulation method for B-mode and color flow imaging,in which the RF signal is demodulated by a pair of finite impulse response filters without mixing with the reference signal,to reduce the computational complexity.The proposed method was evaluated with simulation and in vivo experiments.From the simulation results,the proposed quadrature demodulation method produced similar normalized residual sum of squares(NRSS) and velocity profile compared with the conventional quadrature demodulation method.In the in vivo color flow imaging experiments,the time of the demodulation process was 5.66 ms and 3.36 ms,for the conventional method and the proposed method,respectively.These results indicated that the proposed method can maintain the performance of quadrature demodulation while reducing computational complexity.