Role of nitrification inhibitor DMPP(3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate) in NO^-_3-N accumulation in greengrocery( Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis ) and vegetable soil

The influence of nitrification inhibitor(NI) 3,4 dimethylpyrazole phosphate(DMPP) on nitrate accumulation in greengrocery( Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis ) and vegetable soil at surface layer were investigated in field experiments in 2002 and 2003 Results showed that NI DMPP took no significant effect on yields of edible parts of greengrocery, but it could significantly decrease NO - 3 N concentration in greengrocery and in vegetable soil at surface layer. In addition, NI DMPP could reduce the NO - 3 N concentration during the prophase stage of storage.

Effect of Nitrogen and Sulfur Supply on Glucosinolates in Brassica campestris ssp.chinensis

Glucosinolates （GSs） are a group of plant secondary metabolites containing abundant nitrogen （N） and sulfur （S） mainly in Brassica and have the beneficial effects on human health including anti-carcinogenic, cholesterol-reducing and other pharmacological effects. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different concentrations of N （5, 10, and 20 mmol L-a, denoted by N5, N10 and N20） and S （0,5, 1, and 2 mmol L^-1, denoted by S0.5, S1 and S2） on the yield and GSs in pakchoi （Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. communis） in hydroponics. Results showed that N10 and N20 significantly enhanced the yield compared with N5, however, N20 had a negative effect relative to N10. Only with N10 and N20 low S supply （S0.5） reduced the yield. The concentrations of aliphatic GSs, aromatic GS and total GSs were enhanced by N5 and indolyl GSs were enhanced by N20. S2 enhanced the concentration of individual GS and total GSs. The concentrations of indolyl GSs were maximized in N20S2 treatment, whereas the highest concentrations of aliphatic GSs, aromatic GS and total GSs were found in N5S2 treatment. Effects of N and S on aliphatic GSs were higher than on indolyl GSs. The results suggest that the accumulation of aliphatic GSs and aromatic GS could be enhanced by low N and high S and restricted by high N while that of indolyl GSs could be enhanced by high N and high S.

Effect of the Antisense BcMF12 Driven by the BcA9 Promoter on Gene Silencing in Brassica campestris L.ssp.chinensis

The study analyzed the silencing of BcMF12 gene regulated by BcA9 promoter in the transgenic pakchoi and confirmed the effect of antisense BcMF12 gene on the pollen development. A conserved BcMF12 gene fragment was amplified from the cDNA of flower buds in pakchoi （Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis, syn. B. rapa L. ssp. chinensis） and was fused to the anther specific BcA9 promoter. The plant antisense expression vector was constructed and then introduced into pakchoi via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The transgenic plants were screened by antibiotics and molecular analysis. PCR and Southern blot revealed that the antisense BcMF12-GUS fusion gene regulated by BcA9 promoter was integrated into transgenic plants. Northern blot suggested that the expression of BcMF12 gene was down-regulated significantly. The pollen germination rate of transgenic plants with antisense BcMF12 gene decreased as compared with that of the control plants. The expression of the gene BcMF12 related to the pollen development was inhibited by the antisense BcMF12 driven by BcA9 promoter, which consequently affected the pollen development in pakchoi.

Effects of Different Cadmium Levels on Active Oxygen Metabolism and H_2O_2-Scavenging System in Brassica campestris L.ssp.chinensis

The effects of different Cd (Cadmium) levels on generation of active oxygen speceies(AOS) and H2O2-scavenging system in the leaves of Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensiswere studied. The results showed that generation rate, and H2O2 content were enhancedand malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased with the increase of Cd concentrations inthe growth medium. The activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), dehydroascorbatereductase (DR) and glutathione reductase (GR) were promoted by the addition of Cd.Exposed to Cd also increased the contents of ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) in theleaves.

A Genetic Linkage Map of Brassica campestris L.ssp. pekinensis (syn. B. rapa L. ssp. pekinensis)

A molecular genetic map of Chinese cabbage was constructed with a 102 recombinant inbred (RI) population from a cross of two cultivated Chinese cabbage lines 177 and 276, using AFLP and RAPD markers. 352 markers including 265 AFLP markers and 87 RAPD markers were integrated into 17 linkage groups. It covered a total of 2 665. 7 cM with an average interval of 7. 6 cM. AFLP marker is efficient for map construction while it easily forms clusters to cause big gaps in map. A total of 13.92 % abnormal segregation markers distributed in the map. The molecular genetic map is fundamental for gene localization, comparative genomics, and QTL mapping of important agronomic traits.

白菜核雄性不育两用系AFLP扩增特异片段的克隆及序列分析

利用AFLP技术从白菜核不育两用系"矮脚黄"可育系DNA中得到一个特异扩增片段MF-14.Southern杂交结果证实不育系也存在该片段的同源序列;回收该特异扩增片段并将其克隆到pGEM-TEasy载体进行序列测定.测序结果表明,该片段全长289bp,其碱基组成为A+T=46.02%.与白菜RAPD特异片段S107及其他育性相关基因核苷酸序列比较,同源性均低于50%.表明该片段为一新的序列.

菜心cDNA-AFLP分析体系的优化与建立

以菜心的顶端分生组织为试材,对影响菜心cDNA-AFLP体系的关键因子进行了探讨,以期建立适于菜心转录组差异表达的cDNA-AFLP分析体系。结果表明:Trizol法适用于菜心总RNA提取;SMART双链cDNA合成法效率较高,其中第二链cDNA合成的最佳循环数为24个;Taq I/Ase I分步各酶切3 h可使双链cDNA酶切完全;预扩增体系以模板稀释20倍,27个循环扩增效果较好,退火温度对扩增结果影响不大,但Mg2+对PCR扩增影响较大,经比较加入2.5μL Mg2+(25 mmoL/L)的预扩及选扩电泳的效果均最佳;预扩产物稀释20倍用于选择性扩增,其PAGE电泳可以获得丰富且重复性好的带型。cDNA-AFLP分析体系的优化与建立为菜心抽薹开花分子机理进一步研究奠定了基础。

CaCl_2对盐胁迫下小白菜生长和相关生理特性的影响

采用CaCl2根际注射结合叶面喷施的方法,研究了不同浓度(0、5、10、20、30 mmol/L)CaCl2对盐胁迫下小白菜(Brassica campestris ssp.chinensis L.)幼苗生长及其生理生化特性的影响。结果显示,10 mmol/LCaCl2处理显著提高了幼苗的株高、单株干重、单株鲜重和展开叶片数等,降低了叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量,增强了叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)等保护酶活性,显著提高盐胁迫下小白菜叶片的光合色素含量、净光合速率等。表明适宜浓度的外源钙可以通过增强植株的渗透调节能力和抗氧化能力,保护膜结构和功能,增强光合能力,从而减轻NaCl对小白菜的胁迫伤害。

白菜GLDH基因cDNA的克隆及序列分析

以白菜品种‘苏州青’cDNA为模板,采用RT-PCR、巢式PCR、3’RACE和5’RACE技术,获得了L-半乳糖酸-1,4-内酯脱氢酶(EC1.3.2.3,GLDH)基因cDNA2034bp全长序列。序列分析表明,GLDH基因cDNA序列编码601个氨基酸。其氨基酸序列与花椰菜GLDH基因具有98%的同源性,与拟南芥GLDH基因具有90%的同源性。该基因在GenBank中登录号为AY899298。

NaCl胁迫对不同生育期红菜薹的影响

研究了NaCl胁迫对不同生育时期红菜薹[Brassica campestris L.ssp.chinensis(L.)Makino var.utilis Tsen et Lee]的影响。结果表明,在种子萌发期,300 mmol/L的NaCl处理显著降低了红菜薹种子的发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数;在幼苗期,不同浓度的NaCl处理对红菜薹的地上部鲜重、根鲜重、根干重、丙二醛含量、根系活力均无显著影响,在300 mmol/L的NaCl胁迫下红菜薹的地上部干重反而显著增加;在成株期,不同浓度的NaCl处理对红菜薹的叶片数、主薹高度、主薹茎粗、侧薹数、单株产量、丙二醛含量、根系活力均无显著影响。

Measurement of Some Physiological and Biochemical Indexes of the Antisense Fragment of CYP86MF Gene Transgenic Male Sterile Plantlets in Chinese Cabbage-Pak-Choi

In order to study the mechanism of the transgenic male sterility induced by the antisense fragment of gene CYP86MF, some physiological and biochemical indexes were compared between the transgenic plantlets of Chinese cabbage-pak-choi(Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis Makino)and their controls. Results showed that there was significant difference between content of the endogenous hormones in leaves and floral buds. GA3 contents in leaves of the transgenic plantlets of B. campestris L. ssp. chinensis Makino cv. Shanghai-qing and cv. Youqing were reduced by 31. 72 and 46. 88% respectively as compared with those of their controls, and GA3 contents in floral buds of them were reduced by 62. 92 and 80. 57 % respectively. In addition, ZT contents in leaves of cv. Shanghai-qing and cv. Youqing were reduced by 11. 81 and 181. 20% respectively as compared with those of their controls and those in floral buds were reduced by 105. 94 and 128.75 % respectively. But, ABA content in transgenic plantlets was significantly higher than that in non-transgenic plantlets. However, differences among respiratory rate and cyanide-resistant respiratory rate, the photosynthesic rate and the content of total flavones in floral buds were not significant. In this study, the results indicated that the gene CYP86MF might be one of the key functional genes to control fertility of Chinese cabbage.

Genetic linkage map of Brassica campestris L.using AFLP and RAPD markers

A genetic linkage map comprised of 131 loci was constructed with an F2 population derived from an inter-subspecific cross between Brassica campestris L.ssp.chinensis cv.aijiaohang” and ssp.rapifera cv.,”'isihai”.The genetic map included 93 RAPD loci,36 AFLP loci and 2 morphological loci organized into 10 main linkage groups(LGs) and 2 small groups,covering 1810.9cM with average distance between adjacent markers being approximately 13.8cM.The map is suitable for identification of molecular markers linked to important agronomic traits.QTL analysis,and even for marker-assisted selection in breeding programs of Chinese cabbage and turnip.

Nitrogen Dioxide-Induced Responses in Brassica campestris Seedlings: The Role of Hydrogen Peroxide in the Modulation of Antioxidative Level and Induced Resistance

This article investigates the responses of Brassica campestris seedlings to an acute level of nitrogen dioxide （NO2） exposure in a plant growth chamber, and examines whether pretreating plants with hydrogen peroxide （H2O2） will alleviate NO2-caused injury. Twenty-eight-day-old B. campestris plants sprayed with 10 mmol L^-1 H2O2 aqueous solution （corresponding to approximate 1.0 mg H2O2 per single plant） were exposed to different concentrations of NO2 （0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 μL L^-1, respectively） for 24 h under controlled environment. To measure the plant biomass, the plants were fumigated with the same NO2 concentrations as mentioned above for 7 h per day （8.00-15.00） for 7 days. As a control, charcoal filtered air alone was applied. Data were collected on plant biomass, total chlorophyll, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, nitrate and nitrate reductase （NR）, antioxidative enzymes, ascorbate （ASA）, and malondialdehyde （MDA）, immediately after exposure. The results showed that exposure to a moderate dose of NO2 （e.g., 0.25 μL L^-1） had a favorable effect on plants, and the dry weight of the above-ground part increased, whereas the exposure to high NO2 concentrations （e.g., 0.5 μL L^-1 or higher） caused a reduction in the plant biomass and the total chlorophyll, when compared with the control. In addition, at 0.5 μL L^-1 or higher NO2 concentrations, prominent increases in the MDA level and superoxide dismutase （SOD） and NR activities were observed. Exposure to 1 μL L^-1 and higher NO2 resulted in necroses appearing on older leaves, and an increase in catalase （CAT） activity, decrease in ASA content, increased accumulation of NO3^-, and reduction in photosynthesis, when compared with the controls. No changes were detected in stomatal conductance under NO2 fumigation. The pretreatment with 10 mmol L^-1 H2O2 alleviated significantly NO2- caused biomass decrease and photosynthetic inhibition when compared with H2O2-untreated plants. Under NO2 fumigation, further induction in SOD and CAT activities occurred in H2O2 treated plants when compared with H2O2- untreated plants. The effect of NO2 on the ASA and MDA contents was also absent in H2O2-treated plants. However, the H2O2 treatment did not alter the nitrate content and NR activity in plants under NO2 fumigation. The H2O2 treatment caused a lower rate of stomatal conductance. Taken together, these data suggest that fumigation with an acute level of NO2 causes oxidative damage to B. campestris seedlings. The H2O2 pretreatment markedly protects plants against NO2 stress and this may be associated with inducible antioxidative level. NO2 fumigation contributes, at least in part, to the enhanced levels of nitrate in B. campestris leaves.

Factors Affecting Transformation Efficiency by Micro-Injecting Agrobacterium into Flower Bud of Chinese Cabbage

Three main parameters were selected to study their importance in transformation by budmicroinjection in non-head Chinese cabbage [Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis (L.) Makinovar. communis Tsen et Lee]. The results showed that the developmental stage of floral bud, theconcentrations of sucrose and surfactant Silwet L-77 were critical for the successfultransformation by this new method. The suitable bud size is 2-3 mm in length, the favorableconcentration of sucrose and surfactant Silwet L-77 are 8 and 0.02% respectively. When thesucrose concentration was greater than 10% or that of Silwet L-77 was above 0.1%, the treatedbuds became yellow and finally blighted. 4/6 T1 seedlings resistant to kanamycin were positiveby PCR analysis, and T2 progeny of all these positive T1 plants have one or more hybridizingbands by Southern blot. Under 5% sucrose, 0.02% Silwet L-77 and grade 2 bud (2-3 mm in itslength) parameters, the most favorable transformation efficiency is about 0.56%, and meanefficiency reaches 0.16% in all experiments indicating that bud microinjection is potentialtransformation way in non-head Chinese cabbage.

Differential expression of salt tolerance related genes in Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis (L.) Makino var. communis Tsen et Lee

我们检验了在在盐下面的小白菜的应答的基因强调并且分析的盐忍耐他们的潜在的功能。mRNA 微分显示被用来屏蔽抄本与在容忍、中等容忍的小白菜的咸度忍耐有关的导出的碎片(TDF ) 细菌原生质。78 教材联合产生了 101 微分 cDNA 碎片，它被划分成 10 种表示类型。获得并且定序的七个 cDNA 序列(GenBank 就职 Nos. DQ006915∼DQ006921 ) 对与在在不同不能生活的应力下面的植物的发信号的小径有关的一些已知的表示基因或基因高度相应。

正交设计优化菜薹ISSR反应体系研究

菜薹原产中国,是华南地区重要的特产蔬菜之一。目前,分子标记技术已广泛应用于多种作物研究,但在菜薹上的应用研究刚刚起步。ISSR主要是由单一引物且以重复序列为主要引物序列的PCR标记,其反应条件受模板DNA、Taq DNA聚合酶、Mg2+、dNTP和引物等因素的影响。正交试验设计能明确各因素间的互作效应,建立最优化的反应体系。本研究利用正交试验设计,从Taq DNA聚合酶、dNTP、引物、Mg2+4种因素3个水平对菜薹ISSR反应体系进行了优化,确立了适合菜薹的ISSR反应体系并在7个菜薹品种中进行了验证。在20μl反应体系中,含Taq DNA聚合酶1U、dNTP250μmol/L、引物0.25μmol/L、1×PCRbuffer、Mg2+2.5mmol/L、模板DNA30ng。通过梯度PCR测验,确定了适宜的退火温度。这一体系的建立为今后利用ISSR技术进行菜薹种质资源分类、遗传图谱构建和基因定位奠定了技术基础。

镉对小白菜光合作用特性影响的研究

研究表明,微量镉(Cd)(0.01、0.1 mg/L)促进小白菜(Brassica campestris ssp.chinensis)生长,对苏州青的促进作用更明显;高浓度Cd显著抑制地上部生长,对根系生长影响相对较小.Cd降低小白菜叶绿素含量,特别是苏州青降低幅度较大.低浓度Cd对小白菜净光合速率Pn影响不大,高浓度Cd可能是由于非气孔限制而引起Pn降低.Cd降低气孔导度,但高浓度Cd增加胞间CO2浓度.叶绿素荧光测定表明,Cd对小白菜叶片光化学效率Fv/Fm影响不大,而高浓度Cd明显降低光合电子传递量子效率PSⅡ、光化学淬灭系数qP和电子传递速率ETR.Cd增加沪青一号非光化学淬灭系数qNP,而苏州青在高Cd浓度下qNP下降.

青菜子叶离体再生体系的建立

以子叶为外植体 ,研究了苗龄、培养基中 Agar浓度、BA与 NAA的组配和添加 Ag NO3、GA3对子叶产生不定芽的影响 .结果表明 ,5～ 9d苗龄的外植体最易诱导出不定芽 ;培养基中 BA浓度是影响不定芽形成的关键 ,BA浓度低于 2 mg/ L,不定芽难以发生 ,BA6mg/ L与 NAA0 .0 5mg/ L的搭配有利于不定芽形成 ;在一定范围内不定芽发生频率随着 Agar浓度的提高而提高 ;培养基中添加 5mg/ LAg NO3,2～ 3mg/ L GA3可以提高不定芽的发生频率 ;在此基础上建立了青菜离体再生体系 ,利用该体系能够获得较高的芽苗再生频率 。

小白菜种质资源对小菜蛾的抗性评价

本文就小白菜种质资源对小菜蛾的抗性进行室内鉴定,结果表明2 6 8份材料的虫害指数分布在18 10～10 0 0 0之间,种质资源间抗虫性差异达到显著水平。聚类分析将2 6 8份种质资源分为6大类,与高抗、抗、中抗、中感、感、高感相对应,其中筛选出高抗和抗性材料分别为6和11份。对2 6 8份材料的主要形态性状与虫害指数和抗性级别的相关分析表明,小白菜种质资源叶面的皱缩度与抗虫性存在一定的相关性,认为从叶面平滑型的种质资源中筛选抗虫性材料的可能性更大。

白菜核基因雄性不育系转育研究

以大白菜核基因雄性不育系‘1NA’转育成的白菜核不育系00S107为不育源,根据大白菜核基因雄性不育“复等位基因遗传假说”设计转育方案,向白菜可育品系‘青梗奶油白菜’中转育核不育基因,经过3年5个世代杂交转育,获得了新的白菜核基因雄性不育系及其相应的甲型“两用系”和临时保持系。