Background： Fatness traits in animals are important for their growth, meat quality, reproductive performance, and immunity. The liver is the principal organ of the regulation of lipid metabolism, and this study used ...Background： Fatness traits in animals are important for their growth, meat quality, reproductive performance, and immunity. The liver is the principal organ of the regulation of lipid metabolism, and this study used massive parallelized high-throughput sequencing technologies to determine the porcine liver tissue transcriptome architecture of two full-sibling Songliao black pigs harboring extremely different phenotypes of backfat thickness. Results： The total number of reads produced for each sample was in the region of 53 million, and 8,226 novel transcripts were detected. Approximately 92 genes were differentially regulated in the liver tissue, while 31 spliced transcripts and 33 primary transcripts showed significantly differential expression between pigs with higher and lower backfat thickness. Genes that were differentially expressed were involved in the metabolism of various substances, smal molecule biochemistry, and molecular transport. Conclusions： Genes involved in the regulation of iipids could play an important role in lipid and fatty acid metabolism in the liver. These results could help us understand how liver metabolism affects the backfat thickness of pigs.展开更多
Background Excessive backfat deposition lowering carcass grade is a major concern in the pig industry,especially in most breeds of obese type pigs.The mechanisms involved in adipogenesis and fat accumulation in pigs r...Background Excessive backfat deposition lowering carcass grade is a major concern in the pig industry,especially in most breeds of obese type pigs.The mechanisms involved in adipogenesis and fat accumulation in pigs remain unclear.Lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation(Khib),is a novel protein post-translational modification(PTM),which play an important role in transcription,energy metabolism and metastasis of cancer cells,but its role in adipogenesis and fat accumulation has not been shown.Results In this study,we first analyzed the modification levels of acetylation(Kac),Khib,crotonylation(Kcr)and succinylation(Ksu)of fibro-adipogenic progenitors(FAPs),myogenic precursors(Myo)and mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)with varied differentiation potential,and found that only Khib modification in FAPs was significantly higher than that in MSCs.Consistently,in parallel with its regulatory enzymes lysine acetyltransferase 5(KAT5)and histone deacetylase 2(HDAC2)protein levels,the Khib levels increased quadratically(P<0.01)during adipogenic differentiation of FAPs.KAT5 knockdown in FAPs inhibited adipogenic differentiation,while HDAC2 knockdown enhanced adipogenic differentiation.We also demonstrated that Khib modification favored to adipogenic differentiation and fat accumulation by comparing Khib levels in FAPs and backfat tissues both derived from obese-type pigs(Laiwu pigs)and lean-type pigs(Duroc pigs),respectively.Accordingly,the expression patterns of KAT5 and HDAC2 matched well to the degree of backfat accumulation in obese-and lean-type pigs.Conclusions From the perspective of protein translational modification,we are the first to reveal the role of Khib in adipogenesis and fat deposition in pigs,and provided new clues for the improvement of fat accumulation and distribution as expected via genetic selection and nutritional strategy in obese-type pigs.展开更多
The measurement of pig backfat thickness(PBFT)has to stand up to challenges with the reliability,accuracy,and convenience.Acquiring PBFT timely and precisely from a finite distance is extremely necessary to improve th...The measurement of pig backfat thickness(PBFT)has to stand up to challenges with the reliability,accuracy,and convenience.Acquiring PBFT timely and precisely from a finite distance is extremely necessary to improve the process of pig production and implement effective management.In an attempt to alleviate these problems,an online handheld terminal was designed with a new method based on ultrasonic technology for measuring PBFT during the process of pig breeding,which can overcome the difficulties encountered in other destructive means.The terminal comprised three main components:a main microcontroller unit(MCU)to measure PBFT,a RFID module to identify each pig and send data(e.g.identity,measurement time and PBFT)to a server via wireless transmission module,and an ultrasonic transducer to drive and receive signals between them.A measurement error within 0-1 mm was acquired through testing three groups of samples.Results indicated that this handheld terminal had a required accuracy and proved that the ultrasonic wave processing method can be deployed in a mobile terminal for PBFT measurement.It also provided a feasible nondestructive alternative to measure PBFT.Associated with information management software platform,this method may ultimately help pig production farmers measure the PBFT accurately and conveniently,and improve the pig production efficiency.展开更多
Backfat thickness is a good predictor of carcass lean content,an economically important trait,and a main breeding target in pig improvement.In this study,the candidate genes and genomic regions associated with the ten...Backfat thickness is a good predictor of carcass lean content,an economically important trait,and a main breeding target in pig improvement.In this study,the candidate genes and genomic regions associated with the tenth rib backfat thickness trait were identified in two independent pig populations,using a genome-wide association study of porcine 60K SNP genotype data applying the compressed mixed linear model(CMLM)statistical method.For each population,30 most significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)were selected and SNP annotation implemented using Sus scrofa Build 10.2.In the first population,25 significant SNPs were distributed on seven chromosomes,and SNPs on SSC1 and SSC7 showed great significance for fat deposition.The most significant SNP(ALGA0006623)was located on SSC1,upstream of the MC4R gene.In the second population,27 significant SNPs were recognized by annotation,and 12 SNPs on SSC12 were related to fat deposition.Two haplotype blocks,M1GA0016251-MARC0075799 and ALGA0065251-MARC0014203-M1GA0016298-ALGA0065308,were detected in significant regions where the PIPNC1 and GH1 genes were identified as contributing to fat metabolism.The results indicated that genetic mechanism regulating backfat thickness is complex,and that genome-wide associations can be affected by populations with different genetic backgrounds.展开更多
【目的】比较苏姜猪背膘组织生长发育过程中基因表达谱的差异,挖掘影响背膘组织生长发育的关键基因。【方法】选择1、3、6和8月龄(M1、M3、M6、M8)4个生长时期苏姜猪背膘组织进行高通量转录组测序,组成3个比对组(M1 vs M3、M3 vs M6、M6...【目的】比较苏姜猪背膘组织生长发育过程中基因表达谱的差异,挖掘影响背膘组织生长发育的关键基因。【方法】选择1、3、6和8月龄(M1、M3、M6、M8)4个生长时期苏姜猪背膘组织进行高通量转录组测序,组成3个比对组(M1 vs M3、M3 vs M6、M6 vs M8)进行差异表达基因(differentially expressed genes,DEGs)的筛选,并进行功能富集和表达趋势分析。【结果】转录组测序显示,M1 vs M3、M3 vs M6、M6 vs M8组分别筛选到1869、296、1257个DEGs。功能富集显示,Wnt信号通路、细胞外基质-受体相互作用等信号通路在M1 vs M3组表现活跃,PI3K-Akt信号通路、AMPK信号通路、丁酸代谢、柠檬酸循环等信号通路在M6 vs M8组表现活跃。基因表达趋势分析显示,富含半胱氨酸的酸性分泌蛋白(secreted protein,acid and rich in cysteine,SPARC)、组织蛋白酶S(recombinant cathepsin S,CTSS)、Kruppel样因子7(Kruppel-like factor 7,KLF7)等基因与细胞增殖发育相关,在3月龄时高表达;胰岛素样生长因子-1受体(insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor,IGF1R)、信号转导与转录激活因子1(signal transducer and activator of transcription 1,STAT1)、脂肪酸合成酶(fatty acid synthase,FASN)等基因与细胞脂质代谢相关,在6月龄后表达显著上调。【结论】本研究获得苏姜猪4个生长时期背膘组织的基因表达谱,筛选到SPARC、CTSS、KLF 7等与细胞增殖发育相关的关键基因,IGF 1 R、STAT 1、FASN等与细胞脂质代谢相关的关键基因,为苏姜猪背膘厚的遗传改良提供了基础数据。展开更多
The objective was to quantify relationships between sow body condition and subsequent reproduction. Multiparous sows were measured at breeding (n = 1571) and farrowing (n = 887) on a commercial farm in eastern North C...The objective was to quantify relationships between sow body condition and subsequent reproduction. Multiparous sows were measured at breeding (n = 1571) and farrowing (n = 887) on a commercial farm in eastern North Carolina. Sow body condition measures included: sow body condition caliper (CS), weight (BW), backfat, longissimus muscle area (LMA) and visual body condition score (BCS). Sow production traits were: number born alive (NBA), litter birth weight (LBW), number weaned (NW), piglet survival (PS), litter weaning weight (LWW), wean-to-conception interval (WCI), farrowing rate and lactation average daily feed intake. Data were analyzed in SAS using PROC GLM for continuous traits and PROC GLIMMIX for categorical traits. Breeding CS had a curvilinear relationship (P 0.05) with NBA, LBW, NW, PS and WCI, with a CS of 15 being optimal for NBA, NW and PS and 14 ideal for LBW and WCI. Breeding LMA had a curvilinear relationship (P 0.05) with PS, with 51.5 cm<sup>2</sup> maximizing survival. Breeding BCS had a curvilinear relationship (P 0.05) with NBA, LBW, NW, PS and WCI, with 3.2 being optimal for NBA, NW and WCI and 3.0 ideal for LBW and PS. Farrowing CS had a curvilinear relationship (P 0.05) with NW and PS, with 15 being optimal. Farrowing BCS had a curvilinear relationship (P 0.05) with NW and PS, with 3.6 being ideal. Farrowing BW had a curvilinear relationship (P 0.05) with LWW and PS, with a BW of 220 and 210 kg, respectively, being optimal. Farrowing LMA had a curvilinear relationship (P 0.05) with WCI, with 51.6 cm<sup>2</sup> being ideal. Results provide sow body condition targets to maximize reproductive throughput. The present study suggests feeding sows to a target sow body condition caliper score of 14 to 15 (representing a back angle of 130˚ to 132.5˚) to maximize sow productivity.展开更多
旨在使用加权一步法全基因组关联分析方法,充分利用群体的表型、系谱和基因型信息,探索与大白猪眼肌面积、估计瘦肉率和背膘厚相关的候选基因。本研究收集21754头大白猪眼肌面积、估计瘦肉率和背膘厚的表型记录数据,其中基因型数据个体...旨在使用加权一步法全基因组关联分析方法,充分利用群体的表型、系谱和基因型信息,探索与大白猪眼肌面积、估计瘦肉率和背膘厚相关的候选基因。本研究收集21754头大白猪眼肌面积、估计瘦肉率和背膘厚的表型记录数据,其中基因型数据个体共1259头。通过方差分析和加权一步法全基因组关联分析,确定性状显著相关的数量性状基因座(quantitative trait locus,QTL)。并进行基因注释、GO(gene ontology)功能和KEGG(kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes)通路富集分析。计算结果表明,大白猪眼肌面积、估计瘦肉率和背膘厚的遗传力分别为0.4506±0.0173、0.4968±0.0174和0.4758±0.0172。利用加权一步法全基因组关联分析,定位到与眼肌面积显著相关的候选QTL区域10个,与估计瘦肉率显著相关的候选QTL区域8个,与背膘厚显著相关的候选QTL区域12个。后续基因注释、GO功能和KEGG通路富集分析显示,与眼肌面积相关的候选基因36个,共富集到7个条目;与估计瘦肉率相关的候选基因29个,共富集到2个条目;与背膘厚相关的候选基因41个,共富集到11个条目。分析这些条目中所包含的基因,结果显示其中部分候选基因与生长发育、肌肉脂肪和骨骼发育有关。如ADAL基因影响脂肪细胞分化等活动;FGF 9基因被报道参与骨骼发育等过程。本研究通过加权一步法关联分析定位到与大白猪生长性状相关的重要候选基因,结果扩展了大白猪生长性状的相关研究,并为今后该品种生长性状的基因组遗传改良提供重要分子标记。展开更多
基金financially supported by the innovation research team for modern agricultural industry and technology in Beijing
文摘Background： Fatness traits in animals are important for their growth, meat quality, reproductive performance, and immunity. The liver is the principal organ of the regulation of lipid metabolism, and this study used massive parallelized high-throughput sequencing technologies to determine the porcine liver tissue transcriptome architecture of two full-sibling Songliao black pigs harboring extremely different phenotypes of backfat thickness. Results： The total number of reads produced for each sample was in the region of 53 million, and 8,226 novel transcripts were detected. Approximately 92 genes were differentially regulated in the liver tissue, while 31 spliced transcripts and 33 primary transcripts showed significantly differential expression between pigs with higher and lower backfat thickness. Genes that were differentially expressed were involved in the metabolism of various substances, smal molecule biochemistry, and molecular transport. Conclusions： Genes involved in the regulation of iipids could play an important role in lipid and fatty acid metabolism in the liver. These results could help us understand how liver metabolism affects the backfat thickness of pigs.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFD1301300)。
文摘Background Excessive backfat deposition lowering carcass grade is a major concern in the pig industry,especially in most breeds of obese type pigs.The mechanisms involved in adipogenesis and fat accumulation in pigs remain unclear.Lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation(Khib),is a novel protein post-translational modification(PTM),which play an important role in transcription,energy metabolism and metastasis of cancer cells,but its role in adipogenesis and fat accumulation has not been shown.Results In this study,we first analyzed the modification levels of acetylation(Kac),Khib,crotonylation(Kcr)and succinylation(Ksu)of fibro-adipogenic progenitors(FAPs),myogenic precursors(Myo)and mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)with varied differentiation potential,and found that only Khib modification in FAPs was significantly higher than that in MSCs.Consistently,in parallel with its regulatory enzymes lysine acetyltransferase 5(KAT5)and histone deacetylase 2(HDAC2)protein levels,the Khib levels increased quadratically(P<0.01)during adipogenic differentiation of FAPs.KAT5 knockdown in FAPs inhibited adipogenic differentiation,while HDAC2 knockdown enhanced adipogenic differentiation.We also demonstrated that Khib modification favored to adipogenic differentiation and fat accumulation by comparing Khib levels in FAPs and backfat tissues both derived from obese-type pigs(Laiwu pigs)and lean-type pigs(Duroc pigs),respectively.Accordingly,the expression patterns of KAT5 and HDAC2 matched well to the degree of backfat accumulation in obese-and lean-type pigs.Conclusions From the perspective of protein translational modification,we are the first to reveal the role of Khib in adipogenesis and fat deposition in pigs,and provided new clues for the improvement of fat accumulation and distribution as expected via genetic selection and nutritional strategy in obese-type pigs.
基金supported by Project of Science Operating Expenses from Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.2017PT19)Chinese Universities Scientific Fund(Grant No.2017XD003).
文摘The measurement of pig backfat thickness(PBFT)has to stand up to challenges with the reliability,accuracy,and convenience.Acquiring PBFT timely and precisely from a finite distance is extremely necessary to improve the process of pig production and implement effective management.In an attempt to alleviate these problems,an online handheld terminal was designed with a new method based on ultrasonic technology for measuring PBFT during the process of pig breeding,which can overcome the difficulties encountered in other destructive means.The terminal comprised three main components:a main microcontroller unit(MCU)to measure PBFT,a RFID module to identify each pig and send data(e.g.identity,measurement time and PBFT)to a server via wireless transmission module,and an ultrasonic transducer to drive and receive signals between them.A measurement error within 0-1 mm was acquired through testing three groups of samples.Results indicated that this handheld terminal had a required accuracy and proved that the ultrasonic wave processing method can be deployed in a mobile terminal for PBFT measurement.It also provided a feasible nondestructive alternative to measure PBFT.Associated with information management software platform,this method may ultimately help pig production farmers measure the PBFT accurately and conveniently,and improve the pig production efficiency.
基金This study was supported by the National Science Foundation of China(31172192)New Century Excellent Talents(NCET-11-0646)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2011JQ009,2012PY009).
文摘Backfat thickness is a good predictor of carcass lean content,an economically important trait,and a main breeding target in pig improvement.In this study,the candidate genes and genomic regions associated with the tenth rib backfat thickness trait were identified in two independent pig populations,using a genome-wide association study of porcine 60K SNP genotype data applying the compressed mixed linear model(CMLM)statistical method.For each population,30 most significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)were selected and SNP annotation implemented using Sus scrofa Build 10.2.In the first population,25 significant SNPs were distributed on seven chromosomes,and SNPs on SSC1 and SSC7 showed great significance for fat deposition.The most significant SNP(ALGA0006623)was located on SSC1,upstream of the MC4R gene.In the second population,27 significant SNPs were recognized by annotation,and 12 SNPs on SSC12 were related to fat deposition.Two haplotype blocks,M1GA0016251-MARC0075799 and ALGA0065251-MARC0014203-M1GA0016298-ALGA0065308,were detected in significant regions where the PIPNC1 and GH1 genes were identified as contributing to fat metabolism.The results indicated that genetic mechanism regulating backfat thickness is complex,and that genome-wide associations can be affected by populations with different genetic backgrounds.
文摘【目的】比较苏姜猪背膘组织生长发育过程中基因表达谱的差异,挖掘影响背膘组织生长发育的关键基因。【方法】选择1、3、6和8月龄(M1、M3、M6、M8)4个生长时期苏姜猪背膘组织进行高通量转录组测序,组成3个比对组(M1 vs M3、M3 vs M6、M6 vs M8)进行差异表达基因(differentially expressed genes,DEGs)的筛选,并进行功能富集和表达趋势分析。【结果】转录组测序显示,M1 vs M3、M3 vs M6、M6 vs M8组分别筛选到1869、296、1257个DEGs。功能富集显示,Wnt信号通路、细胞外基质-受体相互作用等信号通路在M1 vs M3组表现活跃,PI3K-Akt信号通路、AMPK信号通路、丁酸代谢、柠檬酸循环等信号通路在M6 vs M8组表现活跃。基因表达趋势分析显示,富含半胱氨酸的酸性分泌蛋白(secreted protein,acid and rich in cysteine,SPARC)、组织蛋白酶S(recombinant cathepsin S,CTSS)、Kruppel样因子7(Kruppel-like factor 7,KLF7)等基因与细胞增殖发育相关,在3月龄时高表达;胰岛素样生长因子-1受体(insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor,IGF1R)、信号转导与转录激活因子1(signal transducer and activator of transcription 1,STAT1)、脂肪酸合成酶(fatty acid synthase,FASN)等基因与细胞脂质代谢相关,在6月龄后表达显著上调。【结论】本研究获得苏姜猪4个生长时期背膘组织的基因表达谱,筛选到SPARC、CTSS、KLF 7等与细胞增殖发育相关的关键基因,IGF 1 R、STAT 1、FASN等与细胞脂质代谢相关的关键基因,为苏姜猪背膘厚的遗传改良提供了基础数据。
文摘The objective was to quantify relationships between sow body condition and subsequent reproduction. Multiparous sows were measured at breeding (n = 1571) and farrowing (n = 887) on a commercial farm in eastern North Carolina. Sow body condition measures included: sow body condition caliper (CS), weight (BW), backfat, longissimus muscle area (LMA) and visual body condition score (BCS). Sow production traits were: number born alive (NBA), litter birth weight (LBW), number weaned (NW), piglet survival (PS), litter weaning weight (LWW), wean-to-conception interval (WCI), farrowing rate and lactation average daily feed intake. Data were analyzed in SAS using PROC GLM for continuous traits and PROC GLIMMIX for categorical traits. Breeding CS had a curvilinear relationship (P 0.05) with NBA, LBW, NW, PS and WCI, with a CS of 15 being optimal for NBA, NW and PS and 14 ideal for LBW and WCI. Breeding LMA had a curvilinear relationship (P 0.05) with PS, with 51.5 cm<sup>2</sup> maximizing survival. Breeding BCS had a curvilinear relationship (P 0.05) with NBA, LBW, NW, PS and WCI, with 3.2 being optimal for NBA, NW and WCI and 3.0 ideal for LBW and PS. Farrowing CS had a curvilinear relationship (P 0.05) with NW and PS, with 15 being optimal. Farrowing BCS had a curvilinear relationship (P 0.05) with NW and PS, with 3.6 being ideal. Farrowing BW had a curvilinear relationship (P 0.05) with LWW and PS, with a BW of 220 and 210 kg, respectively, being optimal. Farrowing LMA had a curvilinear relationship (P 0.05) with WCI, with 51.6 cm<sup>2</sup> being ideal. Results provide sow body condition targets to maximize reproductive throughput. The present study suggests feeding sows to a target sow body condition caliper score of 14 to 15 (representing a back angle of 130˚ to 132.5˚) to maximize sow productivity.
文摘旨在使用加权一步法全基因组关联分析方法,充分利用群体的表型、系谱和基因型信息,探索与大白猪眼肌面积、估计瘦肉率和背膘厚相关的候选基因。本研究收集21754头大白猪眼肌面积、估计瘦肉率和背膘厚的表型记录数据,其中基因型数据个体共1259头。通过方差分析和加权一步法全基因组关联分析,确定性状显著相关的数量性状基因座(quantitative trait locus,QTL)。并进行基因注释、GO(gene ontology)功能和KEGG(kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes)通路富集分析。计算结果表明,大白猪眼肌面积、估计瘦肉率和背膘厚的遗传力分别为0.4506±0.0173、0.4968±0.0174和0.4758±0.0172。利用加权一步法全基因组关联分析,定位到与眼肌面积显著相关的候选QTL区域10个,与估计瘦肉率显著相关的候选QTL区域8个,与背膘厚显著相关的候选QTL区域12个。后续基因注释、GO功能和KEGG通路富集分析显示,与眼肌面积相关的候选基因36个,共富集到7个条目;与估计瘦肉率相关的候选基因29个,共富集到2个条目;与背膘厚相关的候选基因41个,共富集到11个条目。分析这些条目中所包含的基因,结果显示其中部分候选基因与生长发育、肌肉脂肪和骨骼发育有关。如ADAL基因影响脂肪细胞分化等活动;FGF 9基因被报道参与骨骼发育等过程。本研究通过加权一步法关联分析定位到与大白猪生长性状相关的重要候选基因,结果扩展了大白猪生长性状的相关研究,并为今后该品种生长性状的基因组遗传改良提供重要分子标记。
