Towards the Idealization Procedure of BAN-Like Logics

We demonstrate the flaws of Mao’s method, which is an augmentation of protocol idealization in BAN-like logics, and then offer some new idealization rules based on Mao’s method. Furthermore, we give some theoretical analysis of our rules using the strand space formalism, and show the soundness of our idealization rules under strand spaces. Some examples on using the new rules to analyze security protocols are also concerned. Our idealization method is more effective than Mao’s method towards many protocol instances, and is supported by a formal model.

A Formal Model for Analyzing Fair Exchange Protocols Based on Event Logic

Fair exchange protocols play a critical role in enabling two distrustful entities to conduct electronic data exchanges in a fair and secure manner.These protocols are widely used in electronic payment systems and electronic contract signing,ensuring the reliability and security of network transactions.In order to address the limitations of current research methods and enhance the analytical capabilities for fair exchange protocols,this paper proposes a formal model for analyzing such protocols.The proposed model begins with a thorough analysis of fair exchange protocols,followed by the formal definition of fairness.This definition accurately captures the inherent requirements of fair exchange protocols.Building upon event logic,the model incorporates the time factor into predicates and introduces knowledge set axioms.This enhancement empowers the improved logic to effectively describe the state and knowledge of protocol participants at different time points,facilitating reasoning about their acquired knowledge.To maximize the intruder’s capabilities,channel errors are translated into the behaviors of the intruder.The participants are further categorized into honest participants and malicious participants,enabling a comprehensive evaluation of the intruder’s potential impact.By employing a typical fair exchange protocol as an illustrative example,this paper demonstrates the detailed steps of utilizing the proposed model for protocol analysis.The entire process of protocol execution under attack scenarios is presented,shedding light on the underlying reasons for the attacks and proposing corresponding countermeasures.The developedmodel enhances the ability to reason about and evaluate the security properties of fair exchange protocols,thereby contributing to the advancement of secure network transactions.

Logical stochastic resonance in a cross-bifurcation non-smooth system

This paper investigates logical stochastic resonance(LSR)in a cross-bifurcation non-smooth system driven by Gaussian colored noise.In this system,a bifurcation parameter triggers a transition between monostability,bistability and tristability.By using Novikov's theorem and the unified colored noise approximation method,the approximate Fokker-Planck equation is obtained.Then we derive the generalized potential function and the transition rates to analyze the LSR phenomenon using numerical simulations.We simulate the logic operation of the system in the bistable and tristable regions respectively.We assess the impact of Gaussian colored noise on the LSR and discover that the reliability of the logic response depends on the noise strength and the bifurcation parameter.Furthermore,it is found that the bistable region has a more extensive parameter range to produce reliable logic operation compared with the tristable region,since the tristable region is more sensitive to noise than the bistable one.

RESTlogic: Detecting Logic Vulnerabilities in Cloud REST APIs

logical testing model and resource lifecycle information,generate test cases and complete parameters,and alleviate inconsistency issues through parameter inference.Once again,we propose a method of analyzing test results using joint state codes and call stack information,which compensates for the shortcomings of traditional analysis methods.We will apply our method to testing REST services,including OpenStack,an open source cloud operating platform for experimental evaluation.We have found a series of inconsistencies,known vulnerabilities,and new unknown logical defects.

Multi-modal knowledge graph inference via media convergence and logic rule

Media convergence works by processing information from different modalities and applying them to different domains.It is difficult for the conventional knowledge graph to utilise multi-media features because the introduction of a large amount of information from other modalities reduces the effectiveness of representation learning and makes knowledge graph inference less effective.To address the issue,an inference method based on Media Convergence and Rule-guided Joint Inference model(MCRJI)has been pro-posed.The authors not only converge multi-media features of entities but also introduce logic rules to improve the accuracy and interpretability of link prediction.First,a multi-headed self-attention approach is used to obtain the attention of different media features of entities during semantic synthesis.Second,logic rules of different lengths are mined from knowledge graph to learn new entity representations.Finally,knowledge graph inference is performed based on representing entities that converge multi-media features.Numerous experimental results show that MCRJI outperforms other advanced baselines in using multi-media features and knowledge graph inference,demonstrating that MCRJI provides an excellent approach for knowledge graph inference with converged multi-media features.

Implementation of Fuzzy Logic Control into an Equivalent Minimization Strategy for Adaptive Energy Management of A Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle

As government agencies continue to tighten emissions regulations due to the continued increase in greenhouse gas production, automotive industries are seeking to produce increasingly efficient vehicle technology. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) have been introduced to mitigate problems while improving fuel economy. HEVs have led to the demand of creating more advanced controls software to consider multiple components for propulsive power in a vehicle. A large section in the software development process is the implementation of an optimal energy management strategy meant to improve the overall fuel efficiency of the vehicle. Optimal strategies can be implemented when driving conditions are known a prior. The Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) is an optimal control strategy that uses an equivalence factor to equate electrical to mechanical power when performing torque split determination between the internal combustion engine and electric motor for propulsive and regenerative torque. This equivalence factor is determined from offline vehicle simulations using a sensitivity analysis to provide optimal fuel economy results while maintaining predetermined high voltage battery state of charge (SOC) constraints. When the control hierarchy is modified or different driving styles are applied, the analysis must be redone to update the equivalence factor. The goal of this work is to implement a fuzzy logic controller that dynamically updates the equivalence factor to improve fuel economy, maintain a strict charge sustaining window of operation for the high voltage battery, and reduce computational time required during algorithm development. The adaptive algorithm is validated against global optimum fuel economy and charge sustaining results from a sensitivity analysis performed for multiple drive cycles. Results show a maximum fuel economy improvement of 9.82% when using a mild driving style and a 95% success rate when maintaining an ending SOC within 5% of the desired SOC regardless of starting SOC.

Computation Tree Logic Model Checking of Multi-Agent Systems Based on Fuzzy Epistemic Interpreted Systems

Model checking is an automated formal verification method to verify whether epistemic multi-agent systems adhere to property specifications.Although there is an extensive literature on qualitative properties such as safety and liveness,there is still a lack of quantitative and uncertain property verifications for these systems.In uncertain environments,agents must make judicious decisions based on subjective epistemic.To verify epistemic and measurable properties in multi-agent systems,this paper extends fuzzy computation tree logic by introducing epistemic modalities and proposing a new Fuzzy Computation Tree Logic of Knowledge(FCTLK).We represent fuzzy multi-agent systems as distributed knowledge bases with fuzzy epistemic interpreted systems.In addition,we provide a transformation algorithm from fuzzy epistemic interpreted systems to fuzzy Kripke structures,as well as transformation rules from FCTLK formulas to Fuzzy Computation Tree Logic(FCTL)formulas.Accordingly,we transform the FCTLK model checking problem into the FCTL model checking.This enables the verification of FCTLK formulas by using the fuzzy model checking algorithm of FCTL without additional computational overheads.Finally,we present correctness proofs and complexity analyses of the proposed algorithms.Additionally,we further illustrate the practical application of our approach through an example of a train control system.

The Fundamental Theory of Artificial Intelligence—Logic Structure and Logic Engineering

The research purpose of this dissertation is threefold: to innovate artificial intelligence methods, to create the intersection of artificial intelligence and biological research, and to innovate human methodology. The work I have done in my research includes: improving logical structure and logical engineering, using my theory to study the innovation of the development path of artificial intelligence, using my theory to create biomimetic logic, a new intersection of artificial intelligence and biological research, and exploring the innovation of human methodology through the previous two works. The results of the research are as follows: 1) Introduction to bionic logic, incorporating simulations of people, society, and life as core principles. 2) Definition of the logical structure as the primary focus of research, with logic mechanics serving as foundational research principles. 3) Examination of the logical structure’s environment through logical fields and networks. 4) Study of logical structure communication via logical networks and main lines. 5) Proposal of data logic. 6) Investigation into the logic of logical structures, employing structural diagrams of logical equations. 7) Development of a theory of life activity within logical structures, encompassing information reasoning, its corresponding control structure, and structural reasoning. 8) Introduction of the lifecycle theory for logical structures and examination of the clock equation. 9) Exploration of logical structure intelligence. 10) Study of logical structures in mathematical forms. 11) Introduction of logic engineering. 12) Examination of artificial intelligence’s significance. 13) Investigation into the significance of human methodology.

IoT Smart Devices Risk Assessment Model Using Fuzzy Logic and PSO

Increasing Internet of Things(IoT)device connectivity makes botnet attacks more dangerous,carrying catastrophic hazards.As IoT botnets evolve,their dynamic and multifaceted nature hampers conventional detection methods.This paper proposes a risk assessment framework based on fuzzy logic and Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO)to address the risks associated with IoT botnets.Fuzzy logic addresses IoT threat uncertainties and ambiguities methodically.Fuzzy component settings are optimized using PSO to improve accuracy.The methodology allows for more complex thinking by transitioning from binary to continuous assessment.Instead of expert inputs,PSO data-driven tunes rules and membership functions.This study presents a complete IoT botnet risk assessment system.The methodology helps security teams allocate resources by categorizing threats as high,medium,or low severity.This study shows how CICIoT2023 can assess cyber risks.Our research has implications beyond detection,as it provides a proactive approach to risk management and promotes the development of more secure IoT environments.

Coordination of Regulation Devices for Damping Power Oscillations in a Dynamic Disturbance Context: A Fuzzy Logic-Based Approach Applied to the Electrical Grid of the Republic of Congo

This article presents a fuzzy logic-based approach to coordinate the control devices of the power system, such as Power System Stabilizers (PSS) and Static Synchronous Compensators (STATCOM), to damp power oscillations caused by dynamic disturbances. At first, we used the Lyapunov method to study the dynamic stability of the power grid in the Republic of Congo. This method allowed us to analyze the eigenvalues of the state variable matrix and highlight the eigenvalues in the complex plane. Secondly, we proposed a fuzzy logic-based controller to account for uncertainties existing near the thresholds. The inputs to this controller are the generator speed and generator rotor angle. We demonstrated the effectiveness and feasibility of this fuzzy control by applying it to the power grid of the Republic of Congo, with three power stabilizers and two STATCOMs. .

Enhanced Fuzzy Logic Control Model and Sliding Mode Based on Field Oriented Control of Induction Motor

In the context of induction motor control, there are various control strategies used to separately control torque and flux. One common approach is known as Field-Oriented Control (FOC). This technique involves transforming the three-phase currents and voltages into a rotating reference frame, commonly referred to as the “dq” frame. In this frame, the torque/speed and flux components are decoupled, allowing for independent control, by doing so, the motor’s speed can be regulated accurately and maintain a constant flux which is crucial to ensure optimal motor performance and efficiency. The research focused on studying and simulating a field-oriented control system using fuzzy control techniques for an induction motor. The aim was to address the issue of parameter variations, particularly the change in rotor resistance during motor operation, which causes the control system to deviate from the desired direction. This deviation implies to an increase in the magnetic flux value, specifically the flux component on the q-axis. By employing fuzzy logic techniques to regulate flux vector’s components in the dq frame, this problem was successfully resolved, ensuring that the magnetic flux value remains within the nominal limits. To enhance the control system’s performance, response speed, and efficiency of the motor, sliding mode controllers were implemented to regulate the current in the inner loop. The simulation results demonstrated the proficiency of the proposed methodology.

Artificial Neural Network and Fuzzy Logic Based Techniques for Numerical Modeling and Prediction of Aluminum-5%Magnesium Alloy Doped with REM Neodymium

In this study, the mechanical properties of aluminum-5%magnesium doped with rare earth metal neodymium were evaluated. Fuzzy logic (FL) and artificial neural network (ANN) were used to model the mechanical properties of aluminum-5%magnesium (0-0.9 wt%) neodymium. The single input (SI) to the fuzzy logic and artificial neural network models was the percentage weight of neodymium, while the multiple outputs (MO) were average grain size, ultimate tensile strength, yield strength elongation and hardness. The fuzzy logic-based model showed more accurate prediction than the artificial neutral network-based model in terms of the correlation coefficient values (R).

基于Dream Logic的CPU仿真设计与实践

针对计算机组成原理课程中的重要实验内容“CPU设计”中存在的一些难点问题,提出引入Dream Logic仿真工具,通过CPU总体设计及CPU整机模型机中的运算器设计、指令系统设计与微指令设计示例,阐述基于Dream Logic的硬件基本部件仿真设计和软件设计方法,并结合MOV、ADD等汇编指令及计算机组成原理实验中的寄存器和算术运算实验,介绍对CPU模型机进行的实验测试,最后说明教学实践效果。

All-optical controlled-NOT logic gate achieving directional asymmetric transmission based on metasurface doublet

Optical logic gates play important roles in all-optical logic circuits,which lie at the heart of the next-generation optical computing technology.However,the intrinsic contradiction between compactness and robustness hinders the development in this field.Here,we propose a simple design principle that can possess multiple-input-output states according to the incident circular polarization and direction based on the metasurface doublet,which enables controlled-NOT logic gates in infrared region.Therefore,the directional asymmetric electromagnetic transmission can be achieved.As a proof of concept,a spin-dependent Janus metasurface is designed and experimentally verified that four distinct images corresponding to four input states can be captured in the far-field.In addition,since the design method is derived from geometric optics,it can be easily applied to other spectra.We believe that the proposed metasurface doublet may empower many potential applications in chiral imaging,chiroptical spectroscopy and optical computing.

THE RELATIONS BETWEEN NONMONOTONIC TRUTH MAIN-TENANCE AND NONMONOTONIC LOGICS

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An Extended Ontology Model and Ontology Checking Based on Description Logics

Ontology is defined as an explicit specification of a conceptualization. In this paper, an extended ontology model was constructed using description logics, which is a 5-tuples including term set, individual set, term definition set, instantiation assertion set and term restriction set. Based on the extended model, the issue on ontology checking was studied with the conclusion that the four kinds of term checking, including term satisfiability checking, term subsumption checking, term equivalence checking and term disjointness checking, can be reduced to the satisfiability checking, and satisfiability checking can be transformed into instantiation consistence checking.

Cell bioenergetics:Simple logics,complex solut

Cells are open systems that exchange energy and molecules with their environment.As any material system,they perform all the complex activities required for homeostasis and reproduction,obeying the thermodynamic laws.This viewpoint will argue that the basic logic governing the energy flux required to preserve cell organization and function is simple:to decrease the activation energy(Ea)of specific processes.Almost none of the possible chemical reactions and energy transformations inside a cell occur at a measurable speed at room or body temperature.Enzymes or other macromolecular structures speed up particular transformations by decreasing the corresponding energetic barriers.However,to maintain the systems in a homeostatic state,capable of sophisticated functions based on this simple strategy requires an inconceivably complex solution.The conclusion will point to the challenging and intricate problems that cells have solved to carve the highly regulated channel through which the energy flows,fueling the work of these nanoscale machines.

Some non-classical logics seen from a variety of perspectives

Logicians have worked with so many different logical systems that it is not possible even to esti-mate the number. Of these, many are best seen as extensions of classical logic, including both thoseof interest to mathematics and those of interest to philosophy and computer science. (Henceforth Iwill use the term "intelligent systems theory" for the common ground of philosophical logic and

A Comparison of Paraconsistent Description Logics

Description logics (DLs) are a family of logic-based knowledge representation formalisms with a number of computer science applications. DLs are especially well-known to be valuable for obtaining logical foundations of web ontology languages (e.g., W3C’s ontology language OWL). Paraconsistent (or inconsistency-tolerant) description logics (PDLs) have been studied to cope with inconsistencies which may frequently occur in an open world. In this paper, a comparison and survey of PDLs is presented. It is shown that four existing paraconsistent semantics (i.e., four-valued semantics, quasi-classical semantics, single-interpretation semantics and dual-interpretation semantics) for PDLs are essentially the same semantics. To show this, two generalized and extended new semantics are introduced, and an equivalence between them is proved.

A Hierarchy of Compatibility and Comeasurability Levels in Quantum Logics with Unique Conditional Probabilities

在量机械 Hilbert 空格形式主义，概率的解释是一个以后特定的增强程序，差不多由试验性的证据强制了，然而并非自己由数学模型激发了。从开始包含清楚的概率的解释的一个模型被量逻辑提供唯一的有条件的可能性。它在 von Neumann 代数学包括设计格子，这里，概率 conditionalization 与 L 的州的转变变得相同 ?????????? 牂敯 ? 態灵 ?????????????? € 敂獳汥 吗？？