药用植物丹参的核型分析和C-banding研究

采用传统的核型分析技术，分析了栽培丹参有丝分裂中期染色体的核型和C—banding。结果表明：丹参中期染色体长度为1．30-2．39μm，核型公式是2n=16=4m＋2sm＋2st，其核型为2A型；单套染色体组显示出19条清晰稳定的C—bands，其中包括13条末端带，1条着丝粒带和5条中间带。

Effectiveness of Bilateral Pulmonary Artery Banding in Patients with Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome and Congenital Heart Defects with a Functional Single Ventricle: A Single-Center Retrospective Study

Background:Bilateral banding of the branches of the pulmonary artery in patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome(HLHS)and other duct dependent critical neonatal heart malformations can significantly reduce the incidence of severe complications in the postoperative period,especially in severely unstable patients.In our study we compared different surgical techniques of bilateral pulmonary artery banding(PAB)in respect to their success in balancing systemic and pulmonary blood flow.Methods:We included 44 neonates with a HLHS and congenital heart diseases(CHD)with a functional single ventricle underwent a hybrid operation:bilateral PAB and patent ductus arteriosus stenting.The hybrid surgery for method No.1 is performed as a one-stage procedure,together with patent ductus arteriosus(PDA)stenting.After median sternotomy,two Gore-Tex 1–2 mm wide bands with a diameter of 3–3.5 mm are put.When we apply method No.2 then the thread is used to create bands.Method No.3 is distinguished by intraoperative assessment of blood flow at the site of narrowing of the branches of the pulmonary artery and optional stenting of the PDA.The cuff for banding is made of Gore-Tex tubing.Effectiveness when applying method Nos.1 and 2 is assessed by the change in invasive blood pressure and oxygen saturation after narrowing of the branches of the pulmonary artery.Also,with these techniques PDA stenting by inserting the introducer via pulmonary artery trunk is performed.Results:HLHS with mitral or aortic valve atresia or both was present in 19 patients(43.1%),with severe left heart obstruction resulting in PDA dependent systemic circulation in 16 babies(36.4%).CHD with single ventricle physiology occurred in 9 patients(20.5%).14 babies(31.8%)undergo the procedure following the method No.1,8 patients(18.2%)method No.2 and 22 patients(50%)method No.3.Qp/Qs=1/1 was achieved in 30 patients(30/44,68.1%):as a result of the method No.1 was achieved in 5 patients(5/14,35.7%),method No.2 in 4 patients(4/8,50%),method No.3 in 21 patients(21/22,95.5%).Multivariate regression analysis revealed that method No.3 significantly increases the chances of hemodynamic efficacy operations(OR=35.0;p=0.005;CI(95%)3–411.5).Conclusion:Application of the operation technique No.3 in combination with the intraoperative assessment of blood flow parameters at the site of banding of the branches of the pulmonary artery are the most optimal criteria for achieving Qp/Qs=1/1.If there are signs of restriction at the level of the foramen ovale,atrioseptostomy should be done in the second stage after bilateral pulmonary banding.

THE MICROSTRUCTURAL BANDING IN THE CENTER OF HOT ROLLLNG STRIP

The microstructural banding in steels is often found in hot rolling strips, which plays a very important role in mechanical properties. Much work has been done to investigate how the microstructural banding is formed during hot rolling. In the present study, the microstructure of hot rolling strips was examined in term of optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Electron probe microanalysis was also used to decide the distribution of microchemical bands, by this means, the phases in these strips were found to be ferrite and pearlite. The average distance between the carbon lamellas in pearlite is about 0.06-0.1μm. It is also shown that microstructural banding in hot rolled carbon steel was closely related to the segregation of manganese and silicon into those bands. Based on the transformation kinetic, the simulated results pointed out that the thermodynamic stability of austenite would increase with the increasing of Mn, which led to a decrease of ferrite growth rate. The effect of Mn on the decomposition of austenite is attributed to segregation of Mn atoms along the ferrite/austenite phase boundary which causes a strong solute drag effect. The addition of Mn to steel decreases the activity of austenite, thereby it is beneficial to the formation of non-equilibrium phase, such as degenerate pearlite. The formation of banded structure on the hot rolled process was discussed.

Outcomes of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding

AIM:To evaluate weight loss and surgical outcomes of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass(RYGB)and laparoscopic adjustable gastric band(LAGB).METHODS:Data relating to changes in body mass index(BMI)and procedural complications after RYGB(1995-2009;n=609;116M:493F;42.4±0.4 years)or LAGB(2004-2009;n=686;131M:555F;37.2±0.4years)were extracted from prospective databases.RESULTS:Pre-operative BMI was higher in RYGB than LAGB patients(46.8±7.1 kg/m2vs 40.4±4.2 kg/m2,P<001);more patients with BMI<35 kg/m2underwent LAGB than RYGB(17.1%vs 4.1%,P<0.0001).BMI decrease was greater after RYGB.There were direct relationships between weight loss and pre-operative BMI(P<0.001).Although there was no difference in weight loss between genders during the first 3-year post-surgery,male LAGB patients had greater BMI reduction than females(-8.2±4.3 kg/m2vs-3.9±1.9kg/m2,P=0.02).Peri-operative complications occurred more frequently following RYGB than LAGB(8.0%vs0.5%,P<0.001);majority related to wound infection.LAGB had more long-term complications requiring corrective procedures than RYGB(8.9%vs 2.1%,P<0.001).Conversion to RYGB resulted in greater BMI reduction(-9.5±3.8 kg/m2)compared to removal and replacement of the band(-6.0±3.0 kg/m2).Twelve months post-surgery,fasting glucose,total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein levels were significantly lower with the magnitude of reduction greater in RYGB patients.CONCLUSION:RYGB produces substantially greater weight loss than LAGB.Whilst peri-operative complications are greater after RYGB,long-term complication rate is higher following LAGB.

Cluster banding heat source model

Concept of duster banding heat source model is put forward for the problem of overmany increment steps in the process of numerical simulation of large welding structures, and expression of cluster banding heat source model is deduced based on energy conservation law. Because the expression of cluster banding heat source model deduced is suitable for random weld width, quantitative analysis of welding stress field for large welding structures which have regular welds can be made quickly.

Guard banding技术在计量校准中的实施探讨

做计量校准时,通常被校对象(UUT)的测量误差接近最大误差限的时候,评估这个校准点是否在允许误差范围内,是有一定困难的。该文探讨在校准工作中,利用Guard banding技术与逐点报告测量不确定度几种实施方法结合,具有一定的参考意义。

Cytogenetic analysis in two scallops (Bivalvia:Pectinidae) by PRINS and PI banding

Cytogenetic analysis was performed for the bay scallop （Argopecten irradians Lamarck 1819） and the Japanese scallop （Patinopecten yessoensis Jay 1857 ） by primed in situ labeling （PRINS） and propidium iodide （PI） banding techniques. The PRINS analysis revealed that major rRNA genes were clustered in two loci on the telomeric regions of the short arms on two acrocentric chromosome pairs in A. irradians and on two submetacentric pairs in P. yessoensis. The histone H3 gene sites differed in number and location between these two species. The C-band-like patterns revealed by PI staining varied considerably between these two species. A. irradians displayed terminal bands at long arms on all chromosomes, centromeric bands on some pairs and interstitial bands on five pairs. P. yessoensis exhibited only centromeric bands on all chromosomes. These results would contribute to the better understanding of karyotype evolution in A. irradians and P. yessoensis.

P1 of strawberry vein banding virus, a multilocalized protein, functions as a movement protein and interacts with the coat protein

Although the complete nucleotide sequence of strawberry vein banding virus(SVBV) has been determined and bioinformatic analysis has revealed that the SVBV genome could encode seven proteins, the precise function of each protein is unclear. This study provided evidence that the P1 protein of SVBV(SVBV-P1) possesses the following features. Bioinformatic and subcellular localization analyses showed that SVBV-P1 is localized in the cytoplasm and cell walls of epidermal cells in Nicotiana benthamiana, and it forms inclusion bodies associated with microtubules and the endoplasmic reticulum. Dilution experiments demonstrated that SVBV-P1 could move from the original agro-infiltrated cells to adjacent cells in N. benthamiana leaves. Further trans-complementation experiments demonstrated that SVBV-P1 could facilitate the intercellular movement of a movement-deficient potato virus X mutant in N. benthamiana leaves. Finally, yeast twohybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays revealed that SVBV-P1 could interact with the SVBV coat protein, which is a major component of Caulimovirus virions. Results of the electrophoretic mobility shift assay indicated that SVBV-P1 lacks DNA-binding capability. In summary, the results suggest that SVBV-P1 is probably a movement protein of SVBV, providing new insights into the function of movement proteins of the Caulimovirus genus.

Splenic artery ligature associated with endoscopic banding for schistosomal portal hypertension

AIM:To propose a less invasive surgical treatment for schistosomal portal hypertension.METHODS:Ten consecutive patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis and portal hypertension with a history of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage from esophageal varices rupture were evaluated in this study.Patients were subjected to a small supraumbilical laparotomy with the ligature of the splenic artery and left gastric vein.During the procedure,direct portal vein pressure before and after the ligatures was measured.Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed at the 30th postoperative day,when esophageal varices diameter were measured and band ligature performed.During follow-up,other endoscopic procedures were performed according to endoscopy findings.RESULTS:There was no intra-operative mortality and all patients had confirmed histologic diagnoses ofschistosomal portal hypertension.During the immediate postoperative period,two of the ten patients had complications,one characterized by a splenic infarction,and the other by an incision hematoma.Mean hospitalization time was 4.1 d(range:2-7 d).Pre-and post-operative liver function tests did not show any significant changes.During endoscopy thirty days after surgery,a decrease in variceal diameters was observed in seven patients.During the follow-up period(57-72mo),endoscopic therapy was performed and seven patients had their varices eradicated.Considering the late postoperative evaluation,nine patients had a decrease in variceal diameters.A mean of 3.9 endoscopic banding sessions were performed per patient.Two patients presented bleeding recurrence at the late postoperative period,which was controlled with endoscopic banding in one patient due to variceal rupture and presented as secondary to congestive gastropathy in the other patient.Both bleeding episodes were of minor degree with no hemodynamic consequences or need for blood transfusion.CONCLUSION:Ligature of the splenic artery and left gastric vein with supraumbilical laparotomy is a promising and less invasive method for treating presinusoidal schistosomiasis portal hypertension.

A Banding Structure in a Ni-Cu-Si Cast Alloy

The solidified microstructure of a Ni-Cu-Si cast alloy has been investigated, and a kind of banding structure was observed. The results showed that, the banding structure was composed of coarser particles which were Ni3Si type of precipitates and similar to the fine particles precipitate uniformly distributed within matrix of Ni solid solution, in both crystal structure and composition. The formation of bandings was resulted from cast thermal stress and dislocation walls. It was found that the cracks propagated along these bandings in tensile test. The banding structure can be depressed by reducing the cast thermal stress, which can improve the tensile ductility.

Challenges of banding jejunal varices in an 8-year-old child

Endoscoic variceal ligation(EVL) by the application of bands on small bowel varices is a relatively rare procedure in gastroenterology and hepatology. There are no previously reported paediatric cases of EVL for jejunal varices. We report a case of an eight-yearold male patient with a complex surgical background leading to jejunal varices and short bowel syndrome, presenting with obscure but profound acute gastrointestinal bleeding. Wireless capsule endoscopy and double balloon enteroscopy(DBE) confirmed jejunal varices as the source of bleeding. The commercially available variceal banding devices are not long enough to be used either with DBE or with push enteroscopes. With the use of an operating gastroscope, four bands were placed successfully on the afferent and efferent ends of the leads of the 2 of the varices. Initial hemostasis was achieved with obliteration of the varices after three separate applications. This case illustrates the feasibility of achieving initial hemostasis in the pediatric population.

Fractal Modeling of Sphalerite Banding in Jinding Pb-Zn Deposit, Yunnan, Southwestern China

Sphalerite banding is a common texture in Jinding （金顶） Pb-Zn deposit, Yunnan （云南）, southwestern China. The frequency distribution and irregularity of sphalerite grains observed in the bandings are characterized quantitatively by fractal models. Fractal dimensions calculated by several fractal models including box-counting model, perimeter-area （P-A） model, and number-area （N-A） model show the gradual change from outer banding to inner banding, indicating a decrease in area percentage, in irregularity, in shape and in grain size, and an increase in the numbers of grains. These results may imply an inward growth of sphalerite during mineralization, and self-organization properties are involved in the nonlinear process of mineralization.

MODELING OF 'BANDING' MICROSTRUCTURE FORMATION IN CENTRIFUGALLY SOLIDIFIED Ti-6Al-4V ALLOY

Numerical investigations of the ＇banding＇ microstructure formation during solidification of Ti-6Al-4 V alloy in the centrifugal casting are conducted using a multi-scale model, which combines the finite difference method （FDM） at the macroscale with a cellular automaton （CA） model at the microscale. The macro model is used to simulate the fluid flow and heat transfer throughout the casting. The micro model is used to predict the nucleation and growth of microstructures. With the proposed model, numerical simulations are performed to study the influences of the nucleation density, mould rotation speed, and casting size upon the ＇banding＇ microstructure formation. It is noted that changing the nucleation density has a minor effect on the microstructure formation. The rotation speed promotes the formation of ＇banding＇ microstructure, which is more noticeable for larger size castings. The ＇major mechanism responsible for this ＇banding＇ phenomenon is the spatial variation in cooling rates created by centrifugal force.

Complete genome sequence of two strawberry vein banding virus isolates from China

It was rarely reported about strawberry vein banding virus(SVBV)genome sequence in China and most countries worldwide.In this work,we determined the complete genome sequences of two SVBV isolates in China,designated SVBV-AH and SVBV-BJ,that were obtained from naturally infected strawberry samples from Anhui province and Beijing city of China,respectively.The complete genomes of SVBV-AH and SVBV-BJ were 7,862 nucleotides(nts)and 7,863 nts long,respectively,and both constituted with seven genes typical of the caulimoviruses.Alignment of complete nucleotide sequences showed that SVBV-AH and SVBV-BJ shared a significant nucleotide sequence identity of 97.7%of each other and had 85.7%and 86.0%sequence identity related to SVBV from the United States(SVBV-US),respectively.Phylogenetic trees,based on the alignment of complete nucleotide sequences and amino acid sequences of Coat Protein(CP),both showed that SVBV-AH and SVBV-BJ clustered into one branch with all the other SVBV isolates,and other species of caulimoviruses clustered into another tree branch.It illustrated that all the SVBV isolates had an extremely high relationship but had a distant relationship with other species of caulimoviruses.We further confirmed that SVBV-AH infectious clone could cause similar symptoms to SVBVinfected in strawberry under natural conditions.Taken together,our study provided valuable information to elucidate the origin and dissemination of SVBV Chinese isolates,meanwhile providing the necessary vector for studying the gene functions of strawberry.

The Application of Cold Banding Technology for Dust Removed From BOF Gas Using Dry Dedusting Technology

Firstly, physical and chemical properties of dust removed from BOF gas are analyzed, and then the cold banding technology of dust removed from BOF gas and its application are introduced. Tests have proved that using cooled agglomerated pellets made of the dust removed from BOF gas and small amounts of modified starch as a coolant and slagging agent in steel production can bring about considerable economic, social and environmental benefits.

Influence of external constraint and rolling geometry on deformation banding of copper single crystals with {123}<634> orientation

In order to further understand the similarity and difference betweendeformation mechanisms of single crystals and poly-crystalline materials, the influence of externalconstraint and rolling geometry on the deformation behaviour of copper single crystals with{123}<634> orientation was investigated by embedding them into metal frames of different strengths.The metal frames were made of aluminum and mild steel, respectively. The results show that thedeformation banding degree of the crystal increases with the strength of metal frame and shearstrain. For the crystals rolled under lower (gamma)g ((gamma)g is the ratio of the geometricalredundant shear strain to the normal rolling strain), the deformation is homogeneous. For thecrystals rolled under higher (gamma)g, the deformation is extremely inhomogeneous. The deformationis more homogeneous in the crystals rolled in steel frames than that rolled in aluminum frames. TheS-orientation is more stable in the crystals rolled under lower (gamma)g than that rolled underhigher (gamma)g.

Can secondary nucleation exist in ice banding of freezing colloidal suspensions?

The formation mechanism of ice banding in the system of freezing colloidal suspensions, which is of significance in frost heaving, ice-templating porous materials and biological materials, is still a mystery. Recently, the theory of secondary nucleation and growth of ice has been proposed to explain the emergence of a new ice lens. However, this theory has not been quantitatively examined. Here, we quantitatively measure the initial interfacial undercooling of a new ice lens and the nucleation undercoolings of suspensions. We find that the interfacial nndercooling cannot satisfy the nucleation undercooling of ice and hence disprove the secondary nucleation mechanism for ice banding.

Transversus abdominis plane infiltration for laparoscopic gastric banding: A pilot study

AIM: To estimate an effect size for the transversus abdominis plane(TAP) infiltration on quality of recovery in patients undergoing laparoscopic gastric band surgery. METHODS: The pilot study was a randomized, double blinded, placebo controlled trial. Patients undergoing laparoscopic gastric band surgery were randomized to receive a bilateral TAP infiltration with 20 mL of 0.5% ropivacaine or saline. The evaluated outcomes included quality of recovery-40(QoR-40) at 24 h, postoperative opioid consumption and pain. Data was examined using the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: Nineteen subjects were recruited. There was a positive trend favoring the TAP infiltration group in global QoR-40 scores at 24 h after surgery, median [interquartile range(IQR)] of 175.5(170-189) com-pared to 170(160-175) in the control group(P = 0.06). There also a positive trend toward a lower cumulative opioid consumption in the TAP infiltration group, median(IQR) of 7.5(2.5-11.5) mg iv morphine equivalents compared to 13(7-21.5) in the control group(P = 0.07). Correlation analysis(Spearman's Rho) demonstrated an inverse relationship between 24 h cumulative opioid consumption and global QoR-40 scores,-0.49(P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: The use of multimodal analgesic techniques to reduce opioid related side effects is particularly desirable in morbidly obese patients undergoing gastric reduction surgery. The TAP infiltration seems to have a clinically important effect in reducing postoperative opioid consumption and improve quality of recovery after laparoscopic gastric band surgery in morbid obese patients. Future studies to confirm the beneficial effects of the TAP infiltration in these patients are warranted.

Can optical diagnosis of small colon polyps be accurate? Comparing standard scope without narrow banding to high definition scope with narrow banding

AIM: To study the accuracy of using high definition(HD) scope with narrow band imaging(NBI) vs standard white light colonoscope without NBI(ST), to predict the histology of the colon polyps, particularly those < 1 cm.METHODS: A total of 147 African Americans patients who were referred to Howard University Hospital for screening or, diagnostic or follow up colonoscopy, during a 12-mo period in 2012 were prospectively recruited. Some patients had multiple polyps and total number of polyps was 179. Their colonoscopies were performed by 3 experienced endoscopists who determined the size and stated whether the polyps being removed were hyperplastic or adenomatous polyps using standard colonoscopes or high definition colonoscopes with NBI. The histopathologic diagnosis was reported by pathologists as part of routine care. RESULTS: Of participants in the study, 55(37%) were male and median(interquartile range) of age was 56(19-80). Demographic, clinical characteristics, past medical history of patients, and the data obtained by two instruments were not significantly different and two methods detected similar number of polyps. In ST scope 89% of polyps were < 1 cm vs 87% in HD scope(P = 0.7). The ST scope had a positive predictive value(PPV) and positive likelihood ratio(PLR) of 86% and 4.0 for adenoma compared to 74% and 2.6 for HD scope. There was a trend of higher sensitivity for HD scope(68%) compare to ST scope(53%) with almost the same specificity. The ST scope had a PPV and PLR of 38% and 1.8 for hyperplastic polyp(HPP) compared to 42% and 2.2 for HD scope. The sensitivity and specificity of two instruments for HPP diagnosis were similar.CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that HD scope was more sensitive in diagnosis of adenoma than ST scope. Clinical diagnosis of HPP with either scope is less accurate compared to adenoma. Colonoscopy diagnosis is not yet fully matched with pathologic diagnosis of colon polyp. However with the advancement of both imaging and training, it may be possible to increase the sensitivity and specificity of the scopes and hence save money for eliminating time and the cost of Immunohistochemistry/pathology.