Learning programming and using programming languages are the essential aspects of computer science education.Students use programming languages to write their programs.These computer programs(students or practitioners...Learning programming and using programming languages are the essential aspects of computer science education.Students use programming languages to write their programs.These computer programs(students or practitioners written)make computers artificially intelligent and perform the tasks needed by the users.Without these programs,the computer may be visioned as a pointless machine.As the premise of writing programs is situated with specific programming languages,enormous efforts have been made to develop and create programming languages.However,each program-ming language is domain-specific and has its nuances,syntax and seman-tics,with specific pros and cons.These language-specific details,including syntax and semantics,are significant hurdles for novice programmers.Also,the instructors of introductory programming courses find these language specificities as the biggest hurdle in students learning,where more focus is on syntax than logic development and actual implementation of the program.Considering the conceptual difficulty of programming languages and novice students’struggles with the language syntax,this paper describes the design and development of a Context-Free Grammar(CFG)of a programming language for the novice,newcomers and students who do not have computer science as their major.Due to its syntax proximity to daily conversations,this paper hypothesizes that this language will be easy to use and understand by novice programmers.This paper systematically designed the language by identifying themes from various existing programming languages(e.g.,C,Python).Additionally,this paper surveyed computer science experts from industry and academia,where experts self-reported their satisfaction with the newly designed language.The results indicate that 93%of the experts reported satisfaction with the NewBee for novice,newcomer and non-Computer Sci-ence(CS)major students.展开更多
The current financial education framework has an increasing need to introduce tools that facilitate the application of theoretical models to real-world data and contexts.However,only a limited number of free tools are...The current financial education framework has an increasing need to introduce tools that facilitate the application of theoretical models to real-world data and contexts.However,only a limited number of free tools are available for this purpose.Given this lack of tools,the present study provides two approaches to facilitate the implementa-tion of an event study.The first approach consists of a set of MS Excel files based on the Fama–French five-factor model,which allows the application of the event study methodology in a semi-automatic manner.The second approach is an open-source R-programmed tool through which results can be obtained in the context of an event study without the need for programming knowledge.This tool widens the calculus possibilities provided by the first approach and offers the option to apply not only the Fama–French five-factor model but also other models that are common in the finan-cial literature.It is a user-friendly tool that enables reproducibility of the analysis and ensures that the calculations are free of manipulation errors.Both approaches are freely available and ready-to-use.展开更多
This paper analyzes some problems of the current teaching situation in the course High-level Programming Language,such as the lagging content of the course compared with technology development,the emphasis on theory r...This paper analyzes some problems of the current teaching situation in the course High-level Programming Language,such as the lagging content of the course compared with technology development,the emphasis on theory rather than on practice,the low enthusiasm of students for learning,and the weak practical ability of students.In response to the needs of enterprises for talents under the background of New Engineering,especially the cultivation of students’adaptability and practical abilities towards future industries to improve students’knowledge and problemsolving abilities to keep up with the modern technology,this paper proposes the ways and methods to reform and explore the teaching content and teaching methods by integrating industry and education,assisting teaching according to industrial demands,and lowering technology barriers of new technology.The practical effect is evaluated through a survey in class and the follow-up questionnaire after class,and the results show that the effect of the practice is effective.展开更多
The paper presents an analysis of computer programming languages based on the semiotics of Charles S. Peirce. The author describes how such languages could evolve in order to achieve some of the expressive characteris...The paper presents an analysis of computer programming languages based on the semiotics of Charles S. Peirce. The author describes how such languages could evolve in order to achieve some of the expressive characteristics of natural languages. This description evinces otherwise unnoticed differences between natural languages and programming languages, showing that Peircean semiotics is an efficient analysis tool. This suggests further research on the technical features needed to implement an easier way to program computers.展开更多
<div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">Though many different readability metrics have been created, there still is no universal agreement defining readabil...<div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">Though many different readability metrics have been created, there still is no universal agreement defining readability of software source code. The lack of a clear agreement of source code readability has ramifications in many areas of the software development life-cycle, not least of which being software maintainability. We propose a measurement based on Linguistic Economy to bridge the gap between mathematical and behavioral aspects. Linguistic Economy describes efficiencies of speech and is generally applied to natural languages. In our study, we create a large corpus of words that are likely to be found in a programmer’s vocabulary, and a corpus of existing identifiers found in a collection of open-source projects. We perform a usage analysis to create a database from both of these corpora. Linguistic Economy suggests that words requiring less effort to speak are used more often than words requiring more effort. This concept is applied to measure how difficult program identifiers are to understand by extracting them from the program source and comparing their usage to the database. Through this process, we can identify source code that programmers find difficult to review. We validate our work using data from a survey where programmers identified unpleasant to review source files. The results indicate that source files identified as unpleasant to review source code have more linguistically complicated identifiers than pleasant programs.</span> </div>展开更多
This paper investigates the challenges associated with the inconspicuousness of indigenous African languages in the South African education system,as established during empirical research conducted by the author for h...This paper investigates the challenges associated with the inconspicuousness of indigenous African languages in the South African education system,as established during empirical research conducted by the author for his PhD thesis.According to the findings of the research,integrating indigenous African languages in the basic education sector is a key strategic shift that should be considered for it could fast-track efforts to elevate and promote indigenous African languages as media of educational instruction.These languages have been discriminated against for decades,since the era of colonisation and Apartheid South Africa.Despite attempts by the democratic government,through transformative legislative frameworks,African languages are inconspicuous within the education sector.Institutions of learning have developed multilingual language policies yet their implementation remains a problem.Based on the critical review of the literature on indigenous African languages,and with a focus on information and communication technology(ICT),the paper investigates policy opportunities and challenges.The paper concludes by assessing the low profile of indigenous languages in education,and its likely impact on the high failure rate in South African schools.展开更多
<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Students face difficulties in programming languages learning (PLL) which encourages many scholars to investigate the factors behind that. Although there a number of p...<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Students face difficulties in programming languages learning (PLL) which encourages many scholars to investigate the factors behind that. Although there a number of positive and negative factors found to be effective in PLL procedure, utilising online tools in PLL were recognized as a positive recommended means. This motivates many researchers to provide solutions and proposals which result in a number of choices and options. However, categorising those efforts and showing what has been done, would provide a better and clear image for future studies. Therefore, this paper aims to conduct a systematic literature review to show what studies have been done and then categorise them based on the type of online tools and the aims of the research. The study follows Kitchenham and Charters guidelines for writing SLR (Systematic Literature Review). The search result reached 1390 publications between 2013-09/2018. After the filtration which has been done through selected criteria, 160 publications were found to be adequate to answer the review questions. The main results of this systematic review are categorizing the aims of the studies in online PLL tools, classifying the tools and finding the current trends of the online PLL tools.</span>展开更多
C Language is a basic programming language and a compulsory foundation course for majors of science and engineering. Subjected to teaching periods,students have no time to do enough concrete integrated exercises. In t...C Language is a basic programming language and a compulsory foundation course for majors of science and engineering. Subjected to teaching periods,students have no time to do enough concrete integrated exercises. In teaching of C programming language design, both teachers and students have some problems. On the one hand teachers should change their teaching ideology, on the other hand,students should spontaneously study and improve their study motivation. In this way, students will improve their programming ability and apply what they learn comprehensively.展开更多
BPEL(business process execution language)是一种可执行的Web服务组合语言.与传统程序相比,BPEL程序在编程模型、执行方式等方面存在较大差异.这些新特点使得如何定位并修改测试阶段发现的BPEL程序故障成为挑战,面向传统软件的故障修...BPEL(business process execution language)是一种可执行的Web服务组合语言.与传统程序相比,BPEL程序在编程模型、执行方式等方面存在较大差异.这些新特点使得如何定位并修改测试阶段发现的BPEL程序故障成为挑战,面向传统软件的故障修复技术难以直接应用于BPEL程序.从变异分析角度出发,提出一种基于模板匹配的BPEL程序故障修复方法BPELRepair.为了克服基于变异分析的故障修复技术计算开销高的缺点,从补丁生成、测试用例选择以及终止条件3个角度提出多种优化策略.开发一个BPEL故障修复支持工具,提高故障修复的自动化程度与效率.采用经验研究的方式,评估所提故障修复技术及优化策略的有效性.实验结果表明,所提故障修复方法能够成功修复约53%的BPEL程序故障;所提优化策略能够显著降低搜索匹配、补丁程序验证、测试用例执行与故障修复等方面的开销.展开更多
基金supported by the startup fund provided to Dr.Saira Anwar by Texas A&M University,College Station,USA.Any opinions,findings,conclusion,or recommendations expressed in this material do not necessarily reflect those of Texas A&M University。
文摘Learning programming and using programming languages are the essential aspects of computer science education.Students use programming languages to write their programs.These computer programs(students or practitioners written)make computers artificially intelligent and perform the tasks needed by the users.Without these programs,the computer may be visioned as a pointless machine.As the premise of writing programs is situated with specific programming languages,enormous efforts have been made to develop and create programming languages.However,each program-ming language is domain-specific and has its nuances,syntax and seman-tics,with specific pros and cons.These language-specific details,including syntax and semantics,are significant hurdles for novice programmers.Also,the instructors of introductory programming courses find these language specificities as the biggest hurdle in students learning,where more focus is on syntax than logic development and actual implementation of the program.Considering the conceptual difficulty of programming languages and novice students’struggles with the language syntax,this paper describes the design and development of a Context-Free Grammar(CFG)of a programming language for the novice,newcomers and students who do not have computer science as their major.Due to its syntax proximity to daily conversations,this paper hypothesizes that this language will be easy to use and understand by novice programmers.This paper systematically designed the language by identifying themes from various existing programming languages(e.g.,C,Python).Additionally,this paper surveyed computer science experts from industry and academia,where experts self-reported their satisfaction with the newly designed language.The results indicate that 93%of the experts reported satisfaction with the NewBee for novice,newcomer and non-Computer Sci-ence(CS)major students.
基金the Secretaria d’Universitats i Recerca del Departament d’Empresa i Coneixement of the Catalan government,and to Universitat Ramon Llull for their financial support.The financial support for this work did not influence its outcome.
文摘The current financial education framework has an increasing need to introduce tools that facilitate the application of theoretical models to real-world data and contexts.However,only a limited number of free tools are available for this purpose.Given this lack of tools,the present study provides two approaches to facilitate the implementa-tion of an event study.The first approach consists of a set of MS Excel files based on the Fama–French five-factor model,which allows the application of the event study methodology in a semi-automatic manner.The second approach is an open-source R-programmed tool through which results can be obtained in the context of an event study without the need for programming knowledge.This tool widens the calculus possibilities provided by the first approach and offers the option to apply not only the Fama–French five-factor model but also other models that are common in the finan-cial literature.It is a user-friendly tool that enables reproducibility of the analysis and ensures that the calculations are free of manipulation errors.Both approaches are freely available and ready-to-use.
文摘This paper analyzes some problems of the current teaching situation in the course High-level Programming Language,such as the lagging content of the course compared with technology development,the emphasis on theory rather than on practice,the low enthusiasm of students for learning,and the weak practical ability of students.In response to the needs of enterprises for talents under the background of New Engineering,especially the cultivation of students’adaptability and practical abilities towards future industries to improve students’knowledge and problemsolving abilities to keep up with the modern technology,this paper proposes the ways and methods to reform and explore the teaching content and teaching methods by integrating industry and education,assisting teaching according to industrial demands,and lowering technology barriers of new technology.The practical effect is evaluated through a survey in class and the follow-up questionnaire after class,and the results show that the effect of the practice is effective.
文摘The paper presents an analysis of computer programming languages based on the semiotics of Charles S. Peirce. The author describes how such languages could evolve in order to achieve some of the expressive characteristics of natural languages. This description evinces otherwise unnoticed differences between natural languages and programming languages, showing that Peircean semiotics is an efficient analysis tool. This suggests further research on the technical features needed to implement an easier way to program computers.
文摘<div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">Though many different readability metrics have been created, there still is no universal agreement defining readability of software source code. The lack of a clear agreement of source code readability has ramifications in many areas of the software development life-cycle, not least of which being software maintainability. We propose a measurement based on Linguistic Economy to bridge the gap between mathematical and behavioral aspects. Linguistic Economy describes efficiencies of speech and is generally applied to natural languages. In our study, we create a large corpus of words that are likely to be found in a programmer’s vocabulary, and a corpus of existing identifiers found in a collection of open-source projects. We perform a usage analysis to create a database from both of these corpora. Linguistic Economy suggests that words requiring less effort to speak are used more often than words requiring more effort. This concept is applied to measure how difficult program identifiers are to understand by extracting them from the program source and comparing their usage to the database. Through this process, we can identify source code that programmers find difficult to review. We validate our work using data from a survey where programmers identified unpleasant to review source files. The results indicate that source files identified as unpleasant to review source code have more linguistically complicated identifiers than pleasant programs.</span> </div>
文摘This paper investigates the challenges associated with the inconspicuousness of indigenous African languages in the South African education system,as established during empirical research conducted by the author for his PhD thesis.According to the findings of the research,integrating indigenous African languages in the basic education sector is a key strategic shift that should be considered for it could fast-track efforts to elevate and promote indigenous African languages as media of educational instruction.These languages have been discriminated against for decades,since the era of colonisation and Apartheid South Africa.Despite attempts by the democratic government,through transformative legislative frameworks,African languages are inconspicuous within the education sector.Institutions of learning have developed multilingual language policies yet their implementation remains a problem.Based on the critical review of the literature on indigenous African languages,and with a focus on information and communication technology(ICT),the paper investigates policy opportunities and challenges.The paper concludes by assessing the low profile of indigenous languages in education,and its likely impact on the high failure rate in South African schools.
文摘<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Students face difficulties in programming languages learning (PLL) which encourages many scholars to investigate the factors behind that. Although there a number of positive and negative factors found to be effective in PLL procedure, utilising online tools in PLL were recognized as a positive recommended means. This motivates many researchers to provide solutions and proposals which result in a number of choices and options. However, categorising those efforts and showing what has been done, would provide a better and clear image for future studies. Therefore, this paper aims to conduct a systematic literature review to show what studies have been done and then categorise them based on the type of online tools and the aims of the research. The study follows Kitchenham and Charters guidelines for writing SLR (Systematic Literature Review). The search result reached 1390 publications between 2013-09/2018. After the filtration which has been done through selected criteria, 160 publications were found to be adequate to answer the review questions. The main results of this systematic review are categorizing the aims of the studies in online PLL tools, classifying the tools and finding the current trends of the online PLL tools.</span>
文摘C Language is a basic programming language and a compulsory foundation course for majors of science and engineering. Subjected to teaching periods,students have no time to do enough concrete integrated exercises. In teaching of C programming language design, both teachers and students have some problems. On the one hand teachers should change their teaching ideology, on the other hand,students should spontaneously study and improve their study motivation. In this way, students will improve their programming ability and apply what they learn comprehensively.
文摘BPEL(business process execution language)是一种可执行的Web服务组合语言.与传统程序相比,BPEL程序在编程模型、执行方式等方面存在较大差异.这些新特点使得如何定位并修改测试阶段发现的BPEL程序故障成为挑战,面向传统软件的故障修复技术难以直接应用于BPEL程序.从变异分析角度出发,提出一种基于模板匹配的BPEL程序故障修复方法BPELRepair.为了克服基于变异分析的故障修复技术计算开销高的缺点,从补丁生成、测试用例选择以及终止条件3个角度提出多种优化策略.开发一个BPEL故障修复支持工具,提高故障修复的自动化程度与效率.采用经验研究的方式,评估所提故障修复技术及优化策略的有效性.实验结果表明,所提故障修复方法能够成功修复约53%的BPEL程序故障;所提优化策略能够显著降低搜索匹配、补丁程序验证、测试用例执行与故障修复等方面的开销.
