Protein kinases play an important role in every aspect of cellular life.In this study,we systemically identified protein kinases from the predicted proteomes of 59 representative fungi from Ascomycota and Basidiomycot...Protein kinases play an important role in every aspect of cellular life.In this study,we systemically identified protein kinases from the predicted proteomes of 59 representative fungi from Ascomycota and Basidiomycota.Comparative analysis revealed that fungi from Ascomycota and Basidiomycota differed in the number and variety of protein kinases.Some groups of protein kinases,such as calmodulin/calcium regulated kinases(CMGC) and those with the highest group percentages are the most prevalent protein kinases among all fungal species tested.In contrast,the STE group(homologs of the yeast STE7,STE11 and STE20 genes),was more abundant in Basidiomycetes than in Ascomycetes.Importantly,the distribution of some protein kinase families appeared to be subphylum-specific.The tyrosine kinase-like(TKL) group had a higher protein kinase density in Agaricomycotina fungi.In addition,the distribution of accessory domains,which could have functional implications,demonstrated that usage bias varied between the two phyla.Principal component analysis revealed a divergence between the main functional domains and associated domains in fungi.This study provides novel insights into the variety and expansion of fungal protein kinases between Ascomycota and Basidiomycota.展开更多
A long-standing question about the early evolution of club fungi(phylum Basidiomycota)is the relationship between the three major groups,Pucciniomycotina,Ustilaginomycotina and Agaricomycotina.It is unresolved whether...A long-standing question about the early evolution of club fungi(phylum Basidiomycota)is the relationship between the three major groups,Pucciniomycotina,Ustilaginomycotina and Agaricomycotina.It is unresolved whether Agaricomycotina are more closely related to Ustilaginomycotina or to Pucciniomycotina.Here we reconstructed the branching order of the three subphyla through two sources of phylogenetic signals,i.e.standard phylogenomic analysis and alignment-free phylogenetic approach.Overall,beyond congruency within the frame of standard phylogenomic analysis,our results consistently and robustly supported the early divergence of Ustilaginomycotina and a closer relationship between Agaricomycotina and Pucciniomycotina.展开更多
目的:研究黄蘑多糖Fb(polysaccharid Fb from Huangmo)对小鼠免疫功能的调节作用。方法:健康成年小鼠40只,随机分为对照组、环磷酰胺(CTX)免疫抑制组、黄蘑碱溶性多糖活性组分(Fb)正常小鼠给药组和Fb环磷酰胺伍用(M)给药组,采用NK细胞...目的:研究黄蘑多糖Fb(polysaccharid Fb from Huangmo)对小鼠免疫功能的调节作用。方法:健康成年小鼠40只,随机分为对照组、环磷酰胺(CTX)免疫抑制组、黄蘑碱溶性多糖活性组分(Fb)正常小鼠给药组和Fb环磷酰胺伍用(M)给药组,采用NK细胞介导的细胞毒试验测定自然杀伤细胞(NK)的活性,淋巴细胞转化试验测定T淋巴细胞增殖功能,鼠脾T淋巴母细胞增殖分析法测定白细胞介素2(IL-2)的活性,观察Fb对各组小鼠免疫指标的影响。同时通过明胶酶谱分析检测脾脏基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)的表达。结果:黄蘑多糖Fb能提高免疫抑制小鼠的NK细胞活性,T淋巴细胞转化率(LTT)和IL-2的活性(P<0.05),对正常小鼠LTT有显著促进作用(P<0.01)。正常给药组和伍用组主要免疫器官脾脏和胸腺重量高于免疫抑制组,且小鼠体重增长也明显高于免疫抑制组(P<0.01);免疫抑制组小鼠脾脏MMP-2活性下降(P<0.05),MMP-9亦呈降低趋势(P>0.05),Fb组和M组MMP-9活性明显升高(P<0.01)。结论:黄蘑多糖Fb能提高免疫抑制小鼠免疫系统的活性并有可能保护和促进其免疫系统的修复和增生,显著提高正常小鼠T淋巴细胞转化率,其他免疫指标亦显示轻度上调作用。展开更多
1995年9月、2004年6月和8月在中国辽宁省宽甸县白石砬子自然保护区及周围森林采集木腐菌标本276号,经鉴定研究发现多孔菌84种,本文报道了这些多孔菌名录,并根据采样列出了每种的寄主,其中绝大多数种类为该保护区首次报道,34种为辽宁新...1995年9月、2004年6月和8月在中国辽宁省宽甸县白石砬子自然保护区及周围森林采集木腐菌标本276号,经鉴定研究发现多孔菌84种,本文报道了这些多孔菌名录,并根据采样列出了每种的寄主,其中绝大多数种类为该保护区首次报道,34种为辽宁新记录种。Perenniporia medulla-panis sensu stricto为中国新记录种,根据中国的标本材料对其进行了详细描述。白石砬子自然保护区及周围地区的多孔菌主要是温带广布种。展开更多
Background:Polypores as components of forest ecosystems are an important group of wood-inhabiting fungi playing a key role in forest regeneration. Previously, studies on polypore funga and diversity were focused on li...Background:Polypores as components of forest ecosystems are an important group of wood-inhabiting fungi playing a key role in forest regeneration. Previously, studies on polypore funga and diversity were focused on limited areas within one land mass only. What are the polypore funga and species composition for large-scale of China, North America and Europe? The funga and species composition of polypores in the three land masses will supply an important source of reference for the distribution patterns of polypores at species level or higher taxa. In the present study the diversity and species composition of polypores in China, North America and Europe are compared based on published data.Methods:The species diversity, species composition, major genera and nutritional modes of polypores in the three land masses are comparatively analyzed.Results:A grand total of 1,337 polypore species, belonging to 11 orders, 43 families and 168 genera, have been recorded in these three land masses of the Northern Hemisphere, of which 854 species occur in China, 547 species in North America, and 432 species in Europe. Polyporales, Hymenochaetales and Russulales are the three major orders, and Hymenochaetaceae, Polyporaceae, and Fomitopsidaceae are the three major families. The brown rot fungi Antrodia and Postia have highest number of species at generic level in the three land masses. The proportionally highest number of white rot polypore species is in China (78.81%), followed by North America (73.86%)and then Europe (67.82%);conversely, the proportion of brown rot polypores is highest in Europe (28.47%) then North America (21.39%) and then China (15.57%).Conclusions:China had the highest polypore diversity followed by North America, and then Europe although North America is around twice as big as China and Europe. White rot is the major nutritional mode of all the polypores in China, North America and Europe accounting for 77.04%of all polypore species. The white rot species as a proportion of all polypores in each of the three land masses are highest in China, followed by North America and then Europe. The polypore diversity patterns are probably due to tree species diversity and the distribution patterns of angiosperm and gymnosperm trees in the three land masses. More tree species and diverse forest types are in China than those in North America and Europe, and these factors may correspond polypore funga and species composition in the three land masses.展开更多
基金supported by the National Science & Technology Pillar Program of China during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period (2012BAD19B04)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31371924)+1 种基金the 111 Project from the Ministry of Education of China (B07049)the National Basic Research Program of China (2013CB127700)
文摘Protein kinases play an important role in every aspect of cellular life.In this study,we systemically identified protein kinases from the predicted proteomes of 59 representative fungi from Ascomycota and Basidiomycota.Comparative analysis revealed that fungi from Ascomycota and Basidiomycota differed in the number and variety of protein kinases.Some groups of protein kinases,such as calmodulin/calcium regulated kinases(CMGC) and those with the highest group percentages are the most prevalent protein kinases among all fungal species tested.In contrast,the STE group(homologs of the yeast STE7,STE11 and STE20 genes),was more abundant in Basidiomycetes than in Ascomycetes.Importantly,the distribution of some protein kinase families appeared to be subphylum-specific.The tyrosine kinase-like(TKL) group had a higher protein kinase density in Agaricomycotina fungi.In addition,the distribution of accessory domains,which could have functional implications,demonstrated that usage bias varied between the two phyla.Principal component analysis revealed a divergence between the main functional domains and associated domains in fungi.This study provides novel insights into the variety and expansion of fungal protein kinases between Ascomycota and Basidiomycota.
基金This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 ProjectGrant No.2013CB834100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11474068).
文摘A long-standing question about the early evolution of club fungi(phylum Basidiomycota)is the relationship between the three major groups,Pucciniomycotina,Ustilaginomycotina and Agaricomycotina.It is unresolved whether Agaricomycotina are more closely related to Ustilaginomycotina or to Pucciniomycotina.Here we reconstructed the branching order of the three subphyla through two sources of phylogenetic signals,i.e.standard phylogenomic analysis and alignment-free phylogenetic approach.Overall,beyond congruency within the frame of standard phylogenomic analysis,our results consistently and robustly supported the early divergence of Ustilaginomycotina and a closer relationship between Agaricomycotina and Pucciniomycotina.
文摘目的:研究黄蘑多糖Fb(polysaccharid Fb from Huangmo)对小鼠免疫功能的调节作用。方法:健康成年小鼠40只,随机分为对照组、环磷酰胺(CTX)免疫抑制组、黄蘑碱溶性多糖活性组分(Fb)正常小鼠给药组和Fb环磷酰胺伍用(M)给药组,采用NK细胞介导的细胞毒试验测定自然杀伤细胞(NK)的活性,淋巴细胞转化试验测定T淋巴细胞增殖功能,鼠脾T淋巴母细胞增殖分析法测定白细胞介素2(IL-2)的活性,观察Fb对各组小鼠免疫指标的影响。同时通过明胶酶谱分析检测脾脏基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)的表达。结果:黄蘑多糖Fb能提高免疫抑制小鼠的NK细胞活性,T淋巴细胞转化率(LTT)和IL-2的活性(P<0.05),对正常小鼠LTT有显著促进作用(P<0.01)。正常给药组和伍用组主要免疫器官脾脏和胸腺重量高于免疫抑制组,且小鼠体重增长也明显高于免疫抑制组(P<0.01);免疫抑制组小鼠脾脏MMP-2活性下降(P<0.05),MMP-9亦呈降低趋势(P>0.05),Fb组和M组MMP-9活性明显升高(P<0.01)。结论:黄蘑多糖Fb能提高免疫抑制小鼠免疫系统的活性并有可能保护和促进其免疫系统的修复和增生,显著提高正常小鼠T淋巴细胞转化率,其他免疫指标亦显示轻度上调作用。
文摘1995年9月、2004年6月和8月在中国辽宁省宽甸县白石砬子自然保护区及周围森林采集木腐菌标本276号,经鉴定研究发现多孔菌84种,本文报道了这些多孔菌名录,并根据采样列出了每种的寄主,其中绝大多数种类为该保护区首次报道,34种为辽宁新记录种。Perenniporia medulla-panis sensu stricto为中国新记录种,根据中国的标本材料对其进行了详细描述。白石砬子自然保护区及周围地区的多孔菌主要是温带广布种。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project Nos.32161143013&32070006).
文摘Background:Polypores as components of forest ecosystems are an important group of wood-inhabiting fungi playing a key role in forest regeneration. Previously, studies on polypore funga and diversity were focused on limited areas within one land mass only. What are the polypore funga and species composition for large-scale of China, North America and Europe? The funga and species composition of polypores in the three land masses will supply an important source of reference for the distribution patterns of polypores at species level or higher taxa. In the present study the diversity and species composition of polypores in China, North America and Europe are compared based on published data.Methods:The species diversity, species composition, major genera and nutritional modes of polypores in the three land masses are comparatively analyzed.Results:A grand total of 1,337 polypore species, belonging to 11 orders, 43 families and 168 genera, have been recorded in these three land masses of the Northern Hemisphere, of which 854 species occur in China, 547 species in North America, and 432 species in Europe. Polyporales, Hymenochaetales and Russulales are the three major orders, and Hymenochaetaceae, Polyporaceae, and Fomitopsidaceae are the three major families. The brown rot fungi Antrodia and Postia have highest number of species at generic level in the three land masses. The proportionally highest number of white rot polypore species is in China (78.81%), followed by North America (73.86%)and then Europe (67.82%);conversely, the proportion of brown rot polypores is highest in Europe (28.47%) then North America (21.39%) and then China (15.57%).Conclusions:China had the highest polypore diversity followed by North America, and then Europe although North America is around twice as big as China and Europe. White rot is the major nutritional mode of all the polypores in China, North America and Europe accounting for 77.04%of all polypore species. The white rot species as a proportion of all polypores in each of the three land masses are highest in China, followed by North America and then Europe. The polypore diversity patterns are probably due to tree species diversity and the distribution patterns of angiosperm and gymnosperm trees in the three land masses. More tree species and diverse forest types are in China than those in North America and Europe, and these factors may correspond polypore funga and species composition in the three land masses.
