Steady-state entanglement and heat current of two coupled qubits in two baths without rotating wave approximation

We study the steady-state entanglement and heat current of two coupled qubits, in which two qubits are connected with two independent heat baths(IHBs) or two common heat baths(CHBs). We construct the master equation in the eigenstate representation of two coupled qubits to describe the dynamics of the total system and derive the solutions in the steadystate with stronger coupling regime between two qubits than qubit–baths. We do not make the rotating wave approximation(RWA) for the qubit–qubit interaction, and so we are able to investigate the behaviors of the system in both the strong coupling regime and the weak coupling regime, respectively. In an equilibrium bath, we find that the entanglement decreases with the bath temperature and energy detuning increasing under the strong coupling regime. In the weak coupling regime,the entanglement increases with coupling strength increasing and decreases with the bath temperature and energy detuning increasing. In a nonequilibrium bath, the entanglement without RWA is useful for entanglement at lower temperatures.We also study the heat currents of the two coupled qubits and their variations with the energy detuning, coupling strength and low temperature. In the strong(weak) coupling regime, the heat current increases(decreases) with coupling strength increasing when the temperature of one bath is lower(higher) than the other, and the energy detuning leads to a positive(negative) effect when the temperature is low(high). In the weak coupling regime, the variation trend of heat current is opposite to that of coupling strength for the IHB case and the CHB case.

Electron Spin Decoherence of Nitrogen-Vacancy Center Coupled to Multiple Spin Baths

We present the experimental results of nitrogen-vacancy （NV） electron spin decoherence, which are linked to the coexistence of electron spin bath of nitrogen impurity （PI center） and 13C nuclear spin bath. In previous works, only one dominant decoherence source is studied： P1 electron spin bath for type-Ⅰb diamond; or 13C nuclear spin bath for type-Ⅱa diamond. In general, the thermal fluctuation from both spin baths can be eliminated by the Hahn echo sequence, resulting in a long coherence time （T2 ） of about 400#8. However, in a high-purity type-Ⅱa diamond where 1℃ nuclear spin bath is the dominant decoherence source, dramatic decreases of NV electron spin T2 time caused by P1 electron spin bath are observed under certain magnetic field. We further apply the engineered Hahn echo sequence to confirm the decoherenee mechanism of multiple spin baths and quantitatively estimate the contribution of P1 electron spin bath. Our results are helpful to understand the NV decoherence mechanisms, which will benefit quantum computing and quantum metrology.

Purification and Regeneration of Spent Electroless NickelPlating Baths by Electrodialysis

A method using electrodialysis to seperate phosphite from spent electroless nickel (EN) plating solution was studied. The major working parameters for the electrodialyzer with our selected membranes such as voltage, current and the flow rate of spent EN bath and condensed solution were optimized. Under the optimum operating conditions, spent EN bath could be effectively purified. And then the purified solution was replenished and reused for EN plating. The life of the EN bath was prolonged for more than 17 metal turnovers (M.T.Os). It showed that the electrodialysis method was one of the most effective means for purification and regeneration of spent EN plating baths and for saving resources and reducing waste.

Diffusion mechanism in molten salt baths during the production of carbide coatings via thermal reactive diffusion

The diffusion mechanism of carbide-forming elements from a molten salt bath to a substrate surface was studied in this research, with particular focus on the processes occurring in the molten bath at the time of coating. Metal, oxide, and metal-oxide baths were investigated, and the coating process was performed on H13 steel substrates. Scanning electron microscopy and electron-probe microanalysis were used to study the coated samples and the quenched salt bath. The thickness of the carbide coating layer was 6.5 ± 0.5, 5.2 ± 0.5, or 5.7 ± 0.5 μm depending on whether it was deposited in a metal, oxide, or metal-oxide bath, respectively. The phase distribution of vanadium-rich regions was 63%, 57%, and 74% of the total coating deposited in metal, oxide, and metal-oxide baths, respectively. The results obtained using the metal bath indicated that undissolved suspended metal particles deposited onto the substrate surface. Then, carbon subsequently diffused to the substrate surface and reacted with the metal particles to form the carbides. In the oxide bath, oxide powders dissolved in the bath with or without binding to the oxidative structure(Na_2O) of borax; they were then reduced by aluminum and converted into metal particles. We concluded that, in the metal and oxide baths, the deposition of metal particles onto the sample surface is an important step in the formation of the coating.

Analytical Method to Monitor Industrial Pickling Baths Initially Constituted by HF, HNO₃

The present study couples the acid/basis titration and the ICP analysis in order to monitor the concentrations of nitric and hydrofluoric acids, and presents into baths used to pickle alloys of titanium or stainless steel, largely employed in the aeronautic industry. The pickling of the alloys releases various metallic cations able to react with HF in order to lead to metal-fluoride complexes and free H+, the last being able to react with the basis. In this study, it was determined: the most significant correlations providing the number of the protons released by the complexation of the metallic cation by the fluoride. The proposed method based on: 1) these correlations;2) the titration pH = f(VKOH) curves;and 3) the content of metallic cations determined by ICP, enables the monitoring of the content of HNO3 and HF into the pickling bath. Assuming that one bath was used for one type of alloy (alloys of Titanium for example, or alloys of stainless steel), then the proposed method appears providing reliable concentration values of both acids as well as metallic cations.

Effect and Safety of Herbal Medicine Foot Baths in Patients with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy:A Multicenter Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective:To evaluate the effect and safety of foot baths with Tangbi Waixi Decoction(TW)in treating patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN).Methods:It is a multicenter double-blinded randomized controlled trial.Participants with DPN were recruited between November 18,2016 and May 30,2018 from 8 hospitals in China.All patients received basic treatments for glycemic management.Patients received foot baths with TW herbal granules either 66.9 g(intervention group)or 6.69 g(control group)for 30 min once a day for 2 weeks and followed by a 2-week rest,as a therapeutic course.If the Toronto Clinical Scoring System total score(TCSS-TS)6 points,the patients received a total of 3 therapeutic courses(for 12 weeks)and were followed up for 12 weeks.The primary outcome was change in TCSS-TS score at 12 and 24 weeks.Secondary outcomes included changes in bilateral motor nerve conduction velocity(MNCV)and sensory nerve conduction velocity(SNCV)of the median and common peroneal nerve.Safety was also assessed.Results:Totally 632 patients were enrolled,and 317 and 315 were randomized to the intervention and control groups,respectively.After the 12-week intervention,patients in both groups showed significant declines in TCSSTS scores,and significant increases in MNCV and SNCV of the median and common peroneal nerves compared with pre-treatment(P<0.05).The reduction of TCSS-TS score at 12 weeks and the increase of SNCV of median nerve at 24 weeks in the control group were greater than those in the intervention group(P<0.05).The number of adverse events did not differ significantly between groups(P>0.05),and no serious adverse event was related with treatment.Conclusion:Treatment of TW foot baths was safe and significantly benefitted patients with DPN.A low dose of TW appeared to be more effective than a high dose.(Registry No.Chi CTR-IOR-16009331)

雷公藤多苷联合益赛普治疗强直性脊柱炎的效果及对BASDAI评分与BMP-2表达的影响

目的 观察雷公藤多苷联合注射用重组人Ⅱ型肿瘤坏死因子受体—抗体融合蛋白(益赛普)治疗强直性脊柱炎(AS)的效果及对Bath强直性脊柱炎疾病活动指数(BASDAI)评分与骨形态发生蛋白2(BMP-2)表达的影响。方法 回顾性选取2021年6月—2023年6月桂林医学院附属医院收治的强直性脊柱炎(AS)患者80例,依据治疗方案不同分为联合组和对照组,每组40例。对照组给予益赛普治疗,联合组在对照组基础上给予雷公藤多苷片治疗,2组均持续治疗3个月。比较2组临床疗效,治疗前后病情活动指标(晨僵时间、脊柱活动度、扩胸度)、症状及功能评分[视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、BASDAI、Bath强直性脊柱炎功能指数(BASFI)]、实验室指标[血清白介素(IL-17)、BMP-2],以及不良反应。结果 联合组治疗总有效率为92.50%,高于对照组的72.50%(χ^(2)=5.541,P=0.019)。治疗3个月后,2组患者晨僵时间短于治疗前,脊柱活动度、扩胸度大于治疗前,且联合组变化幅度大于对照组(P<0.01);2组患者VAS、BASDAI、BASFI评分均低于治疗前,且联合组低于对照组(P<0.01);2组患者血清IL-17、BMP-2水平均低于治疗前,且联合组低于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。联合组不良反应总发生率为2.50%,低于对照组的20.00%(χ^(2)=4.507,P=0.034)。结论 雷公藤多苷联合益赛普治疗AS效果显著,可有效缩短晨僵时间,改善脊柱活动度,降低关节损伤及疼痛程度,减轻机体炎性反应,缓解病情,且安全性高。

Genuine entanglement under squeezed generalized amplitude damping channels with memory

We study genuine entanglement among three qubits undergoing a noisy process that includes dissipation, squeezing,and decoherence. We obtain a general solution and analyze the asymptotic quantum states. We find that most of these asymptotic states can be genuinely entangled depending upon the parameters of the channel, memory parameter, and the parameters of the initial states. We study Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger(GHZ) states and W states, mixed with white noise,and determine the conditions for them to be genuinely entangled at infinity. We find that for these mixtures, it is possible to start with a bi-separable state(with a specific mixture of white noise) and end with genuine entangled states. However, the memory parameter μ must be very high. We find that in contrast to the two-qubit case, none of the three-qubit asymptotic states for n → ∞ are genuinely entangled.

Dynamics of a Quantum Dissipative System Coupled with an Oscillator

We study the dynamics of a quantum dissipative system. Besides its linear coupling with a harmonic bath modelling the dissipation, we suppose that it is coupled with an oscillator with an interaction of the form s 2 x 2 . In our study, we integrate over the bath and the oscillator, extract the corresponding influence functionals and then solve the system’s sign problem. We apply the theory to the case of a double well and study the time evolution of the expectation value of the position.

新型细胞因子白细胞介素-38在强直性脊柱炎患者中的表达变化及临床意义

目的探讨新型细胞因子白细胞介素-38(IL-38)在强直性脊柱炎(AS)患者中的表达变化及临床意义。方法选取2023年1月至5月九江市第一人民医院收治的80例AS患者设为观察组,80例健康体检者作为对照组,检测调节性T细胞(Treg)细胞和辅助性T细胞17(Th17)细胞比率、IL-38、白细胞介素-17(IL-17)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、红细胞沉降率(ESR),比较两组IL-38、IL-17、IL-10、CRP、ESR水平和Th17、Treg细胞比率,分析IL-38水平与Th17、Treg细胞比率和IL-17、IL-10、CRP、ESR之间的相关性,并记录AS患者巴氏Bath强直性脊柱炎病情活动指数(BASDAI)、强直性脊柱炎病情活动度(ASDAS)评分,分析其与IL-38之间的相关性。结果观察组IL-17、CRP、ESR、Th17细胞比率高于对照组,IL-38、Treg细胞比率、IL-10低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);IL-38水平与AS患者IL-17、CRP、ESR、Th17细胞比率呈负相关,与Treg细胞比率、IL-10呈正相关(P<0.05);AS患者BASDAI评分为(3.50±1.11)分,ASDAS评分为(2.96±0.67)分。IL-38与AS患者BASDAI、ASDAS评分均呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论AS患者中IL-38水平降低,其与患者病情活动、炎症活动指标密切相关,可能参与疾病发生与进展。

六藤安脊汤联合柳氮磺吡啶治疗活动期肾虚瘀阻型强直性脊柱炎临床研究

目的:观察六藤安脊汤联合柳氮磺吡啶治疗活动期肾虚瘀阻型强直性脊柱炎(AS)的临床疗效与安全性。方法:选择活动期肾虚瘀阻型AS患者66例,随机分为观察组和对照组各33例。观察组患者口服六藤安脊汤和柳氮磺吡啶,对照组患者口服模拟中药汤(焦糖)和柳氮磺吡啶,两组均治疗12周。比较两组患者主要疗效指标、次要疗效指标、西医AS评估工作组(ASAS)疗效、中医证候疗效及不良反应情况。结果:①治疗后,两组主要疗效指标水平较治疗前均明显改善(P<0.05或P<0.01),且观察组Bath强直性脊柱炎病情活动指数、Bath强直性脊柱炎功能指数、脊柱痛评分、夜间痛评分、患者对病情总体评分、中医证候积分均低于对照组(P<0.01)。②治疗后,两组次要疗效指标中的胸廓活动度、脊柱活动度、Schober试验体征、指地距及红细胞沉降率、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平较治疗前均明显改善(P<0.05或P<0.01),且观察组胸廓活动度、脊柱活动度、Schober试验体征、指地距、CRP水平均优于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。③观察组ASAS疗效和中医证候疗效均优于对照组(P<0.05),且观察组未见不良反应。结论:六藤安脊汤联合柳氮磺吡啶治疗活动期肾虚瘀阻型AS疗效确切,安全性较高。

间接灸联合补肾祛瘀通督丸治疗强直性脊柱炎的疗效观察

目的观察间接灸联合补肾祛瘀通督丸治疗强直性脊柱炎(ankylosing spondylitis,AS)的临床疗效。方法将90例AS患者随机分为治疗组和西药组,每组45例。治疗组给予任督周天药酒灸联合口服补肾祛瘀通督丸治疗,西药组给予常规西药口服。观察两组治疗前后Bath强直性脊柱炎病情活动指数(Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index,BASDAI)和Bath强直性脊柱炎功能指数(Bath ankylosing spondylitis functional index,BASFI)评分、枕墙距、Schober试验指标(脊柱活动度)、血沉(erythrocyte sedimentation rate,ESR)及血清C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)水平变化,并比较两组临床疗效和不良反应发生率。结果治疗后,两组BASDAI评分、BASFI评分、枕墙距、ESR、血清CRP水平均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),脊柱活动度大于治疗前(P<0.05);治疗组以上指标均优于西药组(P<0.05)。治疗组的总有效率为88.9%,明显高于西药组的73.3%(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论间接灸联合补肾祛瘀通督丸治疗AS,可以降低疾病活动度,缓解疼痛程度,提高脊柱功能,降低炎症指标水平,效果优于西药治疗。

Efficient Body-Transfer Wheelchair for Assisting Functionally Impaired People

Functionally impaired people always have difficulty accomplishing activities of daily living.In this regard,tasks including toileting and bathing have a higher prevalence rate of injuries and greater risk of falling.In this study,a body-transfer wheelchair was developed to assist people in transferring from bed to wheelchair for bathing,and toileting.The bodytransfer wheelchair is a semi-automatic wheelchair that has features such as a controlled leg and backrest,linkage commode slot,and height adjustment.The wheelchair consists of a seat and a main frame that can be detached to enable bathtub transfer.This mechanism lets the user stay on the seat while being transferred into the bathtub without any risk of falling.A linkage mechanism was developed as a part of the seat for ease of toileting.Kinematic and force analysis was conducted to calculate the force required for each actuator.It has been proved by the experimental results that the wheelchair can securely and comfortably transfer a patient from the bed to the toilet or bathtub.A survey has been conducted to evaluate the wheelchair prototype design idea.Two focus groups were chosen:one comprised of functionally impaired people,and the other comprised of caregivers.The results of the survey show that 60%of both functionally impaired people and caregivers would like to use the body-transfer wheelchair for toileting and bathing purpose.Additionally,on average 65%of both focus groups find it convenient to operate the body-transfer wheelchair independently.

Performance optimization on finite-time quantum Carnot engines and refrigerators based on spin-1/2 systems driven by a squeezed reservoir

We investigate the finite-time performance of a quantum endoreversible Carnot engine cycle and its inverse operation-Carnot refrigeration cycle,employing a spin-1/2 system as the working substance.The thermal machine is alternatively driven by a hot boson bath of inverse temperatureβ_(h)and a cold boson bath at inverse temperatureβ_(c)(>βh).While for the engine model the hot bath is constructed to be squeezed,in the refrigeration cycle the cold bath is established to be squeezed,with squeezing parameter r.We obtain the analytical expressions for both efficiency and power in heat engines and for coefficient of performance and cooling rate in refrigerators.We find that,in the high-temperature limit,the efficiency at maximum power is bounded by the analytical valueη_(+)=√sech(2r)(1-η_(C)),and the coefficient of performance at the maximum figure of merit is limited byε_(+)=√sech(2r)(1+ε_(C))/sech(2r)(1+ε_(C))-εC)-1,whereη_(C)=1-β_(h)/β_(c)andε_(C)=β_(h)/(β_(c)-β_(h))are the respective Carnot values of the engines and refrigerators.These analytical results are identical to those obtained from the Carnot engines based on harmonic systems,indicating that the efficiency at maximum power and coefficient at maximum figure of merit are independent of the working substance.

Examination of the Appropriateness of Teaching Materials for Preventing Dangers during Ablution and Bathing of Infants by Mothers and Family Members

Purpose: This study aimed to develop teaching materials to prevent the dangers of ablution and bathing infants, based on the dangerous experiences of mothers and family members, and examine their appropriateness. Methods: A total of 20 midwives and public health nurses were selected as participants. Teaching materials and anonymous self-administered questionnaires were distributed, and the participants were asked to view the teaching materials and fill in the questionnaires. Retrieval was done by mail. The teaching materials included digital content, such as videos, sounds, and characters, which incorporated dangerous situations, preventions, and innovations in ablution and bathing procedures. The analysis was conducted by simple tabulation for each survey item. The free description was coded to preserve anonymity. This study was conducted with the approval of the Research Ethics Review Board of the authors’ affiliated university. Results: The teaching materials were found to be appropriate in terms of suitability to purpose, degree of difficulty of content, ease of viewing the videos, validity of time, appropriateness of expression, and usability. Conclusions: Ablution teaching materials that are used at the present time do not focus on dangers, and to date, no resources on bathing have been used as teaching materials. The created teaching materials in this study can be viewed multiple times, and mothers and family members who are unfamiliar with ablution and bathing can acquire knowledge regarding dangers and danger prevention. The addition of specific preventive measures and countermeasures for the occurrence of danger, along with practice, would result in the development of further appropriate teaching materials to reduce danger and alleviate anxiety.

Preliminary Investigation on Zhuang Folk Medicated Bath Prescriptions:A Case Study of Hechi Region

This paper summarizes the mechanism,methods and characteristics of Zhuang folk medicated bath,as well as the composition and application of prescriptions,which provides a basis for the popularization of Chinese ethnic medicine.

Study on Factors Affecting Aerobial Plate Count in Raw Milk

[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the main factors affecting the aerobial plate count in raw milk.[Methods]Drinking water,medicated baths and raw milk under different storage and transportation conditions were detected for the values of aerobial plate count to analyze their effects on the aerobial plate count in raw milk.[Results]Disinfection of drinking water tanks could significantly reduce the aerobial plate count in water.The use of medicated baths before and after milking could effectively reduce the aerobial plate count and had a significant bactericidal effect.The growth of microorganisms in raw milk stored below 4℃was relatively slow.Regularly disinfecting drinking water tanks and disinfecting nipples before and after milking could reduce the aerobial plate count in the tanks and nipples.After raw milk was extruded,the temperature should decrease to 0-4℃within 2 h,and the storage time should not exceed 48 h,which could effectively control the aerobial plate count in raw milk.[Conclusions]This study provides a reference for scientific control of the aerobial plate count in raw milk.

A Comparative Study on the Bathing Cultures and the Spread of Plague Between China and the West-Taking the Spread of the Black Death in China and Europe in the 14th Century as an Example

An unprecedented catastrophe shrouded over the Chinese Empire ruled by the Yuan Dynasty and Medieval Europe-the Black Death during the 14th century with rapid spread,widespread impact,serious damage to property,and substantial deaths and injuries.In the aftermath of the Black Death,lifestyle changes were made and more sensible bathing habits evolved.In feudal China,Bathing Culture had variously adapted to each dynasty;while its existence in the West was heavily influenced by religion and other factors.In the post-pandemic era,this paper is dedicated to exploring the possible relevance of Bathing Cultures to the Black Death,and to conducting a comparative study of the plague spread in Yuan and Europe and its impact on ethnic Bathing Cultures,reckoning to present informative information to regular prevention and control of the following pandemics.

来氟米特治疗活动性强直性脊柱炎临床观察

目的探讨来氟米特治疗活动性强直性脊柱炎的疗效及安全性。方法选择40例活动性强直性脊柱炎(年龄16～50岁,平均病程0.5～8.0年),全部病例均符合1984年修订的纽约标准。来氟米特分别按体重>50kg或<50kg,在治疗开始的3d给予负荷剂量50mg/d或40mg/d,在此之后的维持量分别是50mg/周或40mg/周。柳氮磺胺吡啶0.75日3次口服。分别于治疗前,治疗后3、6、12及18个月,做Bath强直性脊柱炎活动性指数(BASDAI)及Bath强直性脊柱炎测量指数(BASMI)评分。同时测定血常规、血沉、肝功、肾功及尿沉渣。在治疗前、治疗后6个月、10个月、18个月做骶髂关节CT及其它受累关节的X线平片检查。结果共36例随访至18个月。在3个月与治疗前,6个月与3个月、12个月与6个月、18个月与12个月的比较中,BAS-DAI、BASMI及ESR均明显下降(P<0.01)。CT及X线平片未发现加重。不良反应包括短暂的、轻度的口腔溃疡(n=2)、白细胞减少(n=3)、高血压(n=2)、转氨酶升高(n=6),不适(n=1)。结论来氟米特治疗活动性强直性脊炎疗效明显,不良反应少。

强直性脊柱炎患者血清IL-27水平的测定及临床意义

目的通过检测强直性脊柱炎(AS)患者血清中的白细胞介素27(IL-27)的水平,探讨其在AS发病的作用。方法收集AS患者90例,采用双抗体夹心ELISA测定血清中的IL-27水平,并与30例健康对照者进行比较,同时测定红细胞沉降率(ESR)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)及Bath强直性脊柱炎疾病活动指数(BASDAI)。结果 AS患者组血清IL-27水平为(603.4±76.2)pg/mL,明显高于健康对照组[(63.4±5.9)pg/mL,P<0.001];且血清IL-27水平与ESR、CRP及BASDAI成正相关(r值分别为0.306、0.299、0.218,P分别为0.003、0.004、0.040)。结论 IL-27可能参与了AS炎症与免疫反应。