Based on the results of the complex climate model BCC-CSM,the Beijing Climate Center Simple Earth System Model(BCC-SESM)was developed for climate system simulations in Integrated Assessment Models(IAMs).The first vers...Based on the results of the complex climate model BCC-CSM,the Beijing Climate Center Simple Earth System Model(BCC-SESM)was developed for climate system simulations in Integrated Assessment Models(IAMs).The first version of the BCC-SESM model was based on a high-emissions scenario(ESMRCP8.5)and tends to overestimate the temperatures in low and medium emissions scenarios.To address this problem,this study uses three CO_(2)-concentration-driven simulations under different RCP scenarios of complex climate models to evaluate parameters sensitivity and their impacts on projection efficacy.The results show that the new version of the BCC-SESM(denoted as BCC-SESM1.1)model based on a medium-emissions scenario experiment(RCP4.5)is more suitable for temperature projections for various climate scenarios.It can well reproduce the original value of complex climate model.At the same time,it also has high predictive efficacies for medium(RCP4.5)and low(RCP2.6)emissions scenarios,although it tends to underestimate for high emissions scenario(RCP8.5).The sensitivity tests for different RCP scenarios shows that the BCC-SESM1.1 has higher efficacy in projections of future climate change than those model versions based on the other scenarios.The projection deviations for the global average temperature by the BCC-SESM1.1(<2%)are better than the previous BCC-SESM(<5%).In light of recent progress in climate policy,the BCC-SESM1.1 is hence more suitable for coupling with IAMs for the purposes of assessing climate outcomes.展开更多
目的通过对南平市某二甲医院歧义病案产生的原因分析,提高疾病诊断相关分组(diagnosis related groups,DRGs)的正确入组率。方法回顾性调查2023年1—4月南平市某二甲医院7675份病案,依据国际疾病分类(international classification of d...目的通过对南平市某二甲医院歧义病案产生的原因分析,提高疾病诊断相关分组(diagnosis related groups,DRGs)的正确入组率。方法回顾性调查2023年1—4月南平市某二甲医院7675份病案,依据国际疾病分类(international classification of diseases,ICD-10)和手术操作分类(international classification of diseases clinical modificationof9threvisionoperationsandprocedures,ICD-9-CM-3)的编码规则以及国家医疗保障疾病诊断相关分组(China healthcare security diagnosis related groups,CHS-DRG)细分组方案(1.1版),分析歧义病案产生的影响因素。结果7675份住院病案首页参与分组病案6923份,共有异常分组病案205份,其中空白病组病案3份;歧义病案202份,占分组病案的2.92%。产生歧义病案的主要因素有:主要诊断选择错误、主要手术选择有误、主要手术与主要诊断不在同一主要诊断大类(major diagnostic category,MDC)、同次住院多疾病共治等。结论针对歧义病案产生的主要原因应加强临床医师和编码员住院病案首页填报和DRG相关知识的培训,做好病案首页质量事前控制工作,提高病案正确入组率。展开更多
全球气候模式BCC-CSM2-MR(Beijing Climate Center-Climate System Model version 2-Medium Resolution)由国家(北京)气候中心自主研发并参与了第六阶段国际耦合模式比较计划,该模式在BCC-CSM1.1m版本基础上对大气辐射传输、深对流过程...全球气候模式BCC-CSM2-MR(Beijing Climate Center-Climate System Model version 2-Medium Resolution)由国家(北京)气候中心自主研发并参与了第六阶段国际耦合模式比较计划,该模式在BCC-CSM1.1m版本基础上对大气辐射传输、深对流过程及重力波等方面进行了优化,因此,该模式对东亚地区降水和气温模拟能力的改进亟需进一步评估。本文主要基于不同格点观测数据集与中国区域站点观测数据,系统对比分析BCC-CSM2-MR、BCC-CSM1.1m两个模式版本对东亚地区季节平均降水(气温)和日极端降水(气温)的模拟能力。结果表明:(1)相比BCC-CSM1.1m,BCC-CSM2-MR改进了对东亚大部分区域季节平均降水的模拟能力,尤其是青藏高原地区夏季平均降水,明显提高了对中国东南地区、朝鲜半岛及日本降水月际变化的模拟性能;(2)BCC-CSM2-MR对东亚地区季节平均气温模拟能力改进不明显,且对东亚大部分区域气温月际变化的模拟误差大于BCC-CSM1.1m;(3)对日极端降水(气温),BCC-CSM2-MR的模拟能力优于BCC-CSM1.1m,明显提高了对中国东南地区日极端降水(气温)的模拟能力。总体而言,BCC-CSM2-MR在深对流过程参数方案中的改进有利于对东亚地区降水的模拟。展开更多
Nitrate(NO_(3)^(-))and ammonium(NH_(4)^(+))are two main inorganic nitrogen(N)sources during crop growth.Here,we enhanced the expression of OsAMT1.1,which encodes a NH_(4)^(+)transporter,using the NO_(3)^(-)-inducible ...Nitrate(NO_(3)^(-))and ammonium(NH_(4)^(+))are two main inorganic nitrogen(N)sources during crop growth.Here,we enhanced the expression of OsAMT1.1,which encodes a NH_(4)^(+)transporter,using the NO_(3)^(-)-inducible promoter of OsNAR2.1 and an ubiquitin promoter in transgenic rice plants.Under field condition of 120 kg/hm2 N,agronomic N use efficiency,N recovery efficiency and N transport efficiency,and grain yield of the pOsNAR2.1:OsAMT1.1 transgenic lines were increased compared with those of the wild type(WT)and the pUbi:OsAMT1.1 transgenic plants.Under 2.0 mmol/L NO_(3)^(-)+0.5 mmol/L NH_(4)^(+)and 0.5 mmol/L NO_(3)^(-)+2.0 mmol/L NH_(4)^(+)conditions of hydroponic culture,compared with the WT,both biomass and total N content were increased in the pOsNAR2.1:OsAMT1.1 transgenic lines.However,biomass was significantly reduced in pUbi:OsAMT1.1 transgenic plants under 0.5 mmol/L NO_(3)^(-)+2.0 mmol/L NH_(4)^(+)condition.The lines expressing pOsNAR2.1:OsAMT1.1 exhibited increased OsAMT1.1 expression and 15NH_(4)^(+)influx in roots under both 2.0 mmol/L NO_(3)^(-)+0.5 mmol/L NH_(4)^(+)and 0.5 mmol/L NO_(3)^(-)+2.0 mmol/L NH_(4)^(+)conditions.Our study showed that expression of OsAMT1.1 can be promoted when driven by the OsNAR2.1 promoter,especially under high-level nitrate condition,leading to enhancement of NH_(4)^(+)uptake,N use efficiency and grain yield.展开更多
基于东安格里亚大学气候研究中心(Climatic Research Unit,CRU)资料及NCEP/DOE再分析数据集,评估了第六次国际耦合模式比较计划(Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6,CMIP6)中BCC-CSM2-MR气候模式对东亚冬季风(East Asian Wi...基于东安格里亚大学气候研究中心(Climatic Research Unit,CRU)资料及NCEP/DOE再分析数据集,评估了第六次国际耦合模式比较计划(Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6,CMIP6)中BCC-CSM2-MR气候模式对东亚冬季风(East Asian Winter Monsoom,EAWM)气候特征的模拟能力.结果表明:BCC-CSM2-MR模式能够合理再现西伯利亚高压、阿留申低压、850 hPa偏北风、500 hPa东亚大槽及200 hPa东亚西风急流等EAWM环流系统的气候态分布.其中,BCC-CSM2-MR模式对500 hPa高度场的模拟效果最好.BCC-CSM2-MR模式能够捕捉EAWM的年际变化及年代际减弱趋势,但是模式中EAWM的减弱趋势小于观测结果.模式能够模拟出EAWM异常对应的西伯利亚高压异常及阿留申低压异常,但是由于高低压异常中心位置与观测资料的差异,导致模式中EAWM异常对应的东亚低层北风异常相对观测结果偏弱,2 m气温负异常也较观测结果偏弱.展开更多
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(42175171)National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFA0602602)Public Welfare Meteo-rology Research Project(GYHY201506023).
文摘Based on the results of the complex climate model BCC-CSM,the Beijing Climate Center Simple Earth System Model(BCC-SESM)was developed for climate system simulations in Integrated Assessment Models(IAMs).The first version of the BCC-SESM model was based on a high-emissions scenario(ESMRCP8.5)and tends to overestimate the temperatures in low and medium emissions scenarios.To address this problem,this study uses three CO_(2)-concentration-driven simulations under different RCP scenarios of complex climate models to evaluate parameters sensitivity and their impacts on projection efficacy.The results show that the new version of the BCC-SESM(denoted as BCC-SESM1.1)model based on a medium-emissions scenario experiment(RCP4.5)is more suitable for temperature projections for various climate scenarios.It can well reproduce the original value of complex climate model.At the same time,it also has high predictive efficacies for medium(RCP4.5)and low(RCP2.6)emissions scenarios,although it tends to underestimate for high emissions scenario(RCP8.5).The sensitivity tests for different RCP scenarios shows that the BCC-SESM1.1 has higher efficacy in projections of future climate change than those model versions based on the other scenarios.The projection deviations for the global average temperature by the BCC-SESM1.1(<2%)are better than the previous BCC-SESM(<5%).In light of recent progress in climate policy,the BCC-SESM1.1 is hence more suitable for coupling with IAMs for the purposes of assessing climate outcomes.
文摘目的通过对南平市某二甲医院歧义病案产生的原因分析,提高疾病诊断相关分组(diagnosis related groups,DRGs)的正确入组率。方法回顾性调查2023年1—4月南平市某二甲医院7675份病案,依据国际疾病分类(international classification of diseases,ICD-10)和手术操作分类(international classification of diseases clinical modificationof9threvisionoperationsandprocedures,ICD-9-CM-3)的编码规则以及国家医疗保障疾病诊断相关分组(China healthcare security diagnosis related groups,CHS-DRG)细分组方案(1.1版),分析歧义病案产生的影响因素。结果7675份住院病案首页参与分组病案6923份,共有异常分组病案205份,其中空白病组病案3份;歧义病案202份,占分组病案的2.92%。产生歧义病案的主要因素有:主要诊断选择错误、主要手术选择有误、主要手术与主要诊断不在同一主要诊断大类(major diagnostic category,MDC)、同次住院多疾病共治等。结论针对歧义病案产生的主要原因应加强临床医师和编码员住院病案首页填报和DRG相关知识的培训,做好病案首页质量事前控制工作,提高病案正确入组率。
文摘全球气候模式BCC-CSM2-MR(Beijing Climate Center-Climate System Model version 2-Medium Resolution)由国家(北京)气候中心自主研发并参与了第六阶段国际耦合模式比较计划,该模式在BCC-CSM1.1m版本基础上对大气辐射传输、深对流过程及重力波等方面进行了优化,因此,该模式对东亚地区降水和气温模拟能力的改进亟需进一步评估。本文主要基于不同格点观测数据集与中国区域站点观测数据,系统对比分析BCC-CSM2-MR、BCC-CSM1.1m两个模式版本对东亚地区季节平均降水(气温)和日极端降水(气温)的模拟能力。结果表明:(1)相比BCC-CSM1.1m,BCC-CSM2-MR改进了对东亚大部分区域季节平均降水的模拟能力,尤其是青藏高原地区夏季平均降水,明显提高了对中国东南地区、朝鲜半岛及日本降水月际变化的模拟性能;(2)BCC-CSM2-MR对东亚地区季节平均气温模拟能力改进不明显,且对东亚大部分区域气温月际变化的模拟误差大于BCC-CSM1.1m;(3)对日极端降水(气温),BCC-CSM2-MR的模拟能力优于BCC-CSM1.1m,明显提高了对中国东南地区日极端降水(气温)的模拟能力。总体而言,BCC-CSM2-MR在深对流过程参数方案中的改进有利于对东亚地区降水的模拟。
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32061143039)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,China(Grant No.2022A1515012381)+1 种基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Program,China(Grant No.JCYJ20210324124409027)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Sun Yat-sen University,China.
文摘Nitrate(NO_(3)^(-))and ammonium(NH_(4)^(+))are two main inorganic nitrogen(N)sources during crop growth.Here,we enhanced the expression of OsAMT1.1,which encodes a NH_(4)^(+)transporter,using the NO_(3)^(-)-inducible promoter of OsNAR2.1 and an ubiquitin promoter in transgenic rice plants.Under field condition of 120 kg/hm2 N,agronomic N use efficiency,N recovery efficiency and N transport efficiency,and grain yield of the pOsNAR2.1:OsAMT1.1 transgenic lines were increased compared with those of the wild type(WT)and the pUbi:OsAMT1.1 transgenic plants.Under 2.0 mmol/L NO_(3)^(-)+0.5 mmol/L NH_(4)^(+)and 0.5 mmol/L NO_(3)^(-)+2.0 mmol/L NH_(4)^(+)conditions of hydroponic culture,compared with the WT,both biomass and total N content were increased in the pOsNAR2.1:OsAMT1.1 transgenic lines.However,biomass was significantly reduced in pUbi:OsAMT1.1 transgenic plants under 0.5 mmol/L NO_(3)^(-)+2.0 mmol/L NH_(4)^(+)condition.The lines expressing pOsNAR2.1:OsAMT1.1 exhibited increased OsAMT1.1 expression and 15NH_(4)^(+)influx in roots under both 2.0 mmol/L NO_(3)^(-)+0.5 mmol/L NH_(4)^(+)and 0.5 mmol/L NO_(3)^(-)+2.0 mmol/L NH_(4)^(+)conditions.Our study showed that expression of OsAMT1.1 can be promoted when driven by the OsNAR2.1 promoter,especially under high-level nitrate condition,leading to enhancement of NH_(4)^(+)uptake,N use efficiency and grain yield.
