Dioscin-induced Apoptosis of Human LNCaP Prostate Carcinoma Cells through Activation of Caspase-3 and Modulation of Bcl-2 Protein Family

Dioscin is a natural steroid saponin derived from several plants, showing potent anti-cancer effect against a variety of tumor cell lines. In the present study, we investigated the anti-cancer activity of dioscin against human LNCaP cells, and evaluated the possible mechanism involved in its antineoplastic action. It was found that dioscin（1, 2 and 4 μmol/L） could significantly inhibit the viability of LNCaP cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Flow cytometry revealed that the apoptosis rate was increased after treatment of LNCaP cells with dioscin for 24 h, indicating that apoptosis was an important mechanism by which dioscin inhibited cancer. Western blotting was employed to detect the expression of caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax in LNCaP cells. The expression of cleaved caspase-3 was significantly increased, and meanwhile procaspase-3 was markedly decreased. The expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was down-regulated, whereas the pro-apoptotic protein Bax was up-regulated. Moreover, the Bcl-2/Bax ratio was drastically decreased. These results suggested that dioscin possessed potential anti-tumor activity in human LNCaP cells through the apoptosis pathway, which might be associated with caspase-3 and Bcl-2 protein family.

THE EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE CELL APOPTOSIS AND EXPRESSION OF BCL-2 PROTEIN IN INTRACEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE IN MODEL OF RATS

Objective To study whether there is the apoptosis of neural cells and the expression of Bcl-2 protein in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in model of rats, for the further understanding the mechanism of the delayed damage of the neural cells around the hematoma after ICH. Methods Fifty SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, ten in each. With the Group A as the control, the rest 40 were used to set up intracerebral hemorrhage model. The brains were taken out at 12 th , 24 th , 48 th and 72 th hours, respectively. Apoptosis cells were detected with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), and the expression of Bcl-2 protein was detected with immunochemical stainging methed (SP). Results In the control group, no apoptosis cells and Bc1-2 protein were detected. In rest groups, the apoptosis cells and Bc1-2 protein were expressed in different degree. Apoptosis rates verified and corresponded with the time after ICH, with the peak at 48 th -72 th hour after hemorrhage. The peak rate of apoptosis cells was (24.50±2.69)% and Bcl-2 protein expression was (20.76±1.97)% . There was significant difference between the experimental groups and control (P<0.05), and no linear relationship between the apoptosis rate and the expression of Bcl-2 protein. Conclusion Apoptosis may be an important factor in the secondary trauma of ICH. There is a time leg after hemorrhage. All this is instructive to clinical treatment in time. Bcl-2 protein keeps increasing in a certain time after hemorrhage, but not synchronize with the cell apoptosis. This indicates that bcl-2 has the effect to reduce the apoptosis of neural cells.

Expression of p53,Bax and Bcl-2 proteins in hepatocytes in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

AIM: To analyze the protein expression essential for apoptosis in liver steatosis. METHODS: The expression of proapoptotic proteins p53, Bax, and antiapoptotic Bcl-2 in hepatocytes with steatosis (SH) and without steatosis (NSH) was evaluated in 84 patients at various stages of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). RESULTS: Immunohistochemical staining of liver tissue showed the activation of p53 protein in SH and NSH with increased liver steatosis, diminished Bcl-2 and slightly decreased Bax protein. Positive correlation was found between the stage of liver steatosis with p53 expression in SH (r = 0.54, P < 0.01) and NSH (r = 0.49, P < 0.01). The antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 was diminished together with the advancement of liver steatosis, especially in non-steatosed hepatocytes (r =0.43, P < 001). CONCLUSION: Apoptosis is one of the most important mechanisms leading to hepatocyte elimination in NAFLD. The intensification of inflammation in NAFLD induces proapoptotic protein p53 with the inhibition of antiapoptotic Bcl-2.

The molecular cell death machinery in the simple cnidarian Hydra includes an expanded caspase family and pro-and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins

The fresh water polyp Hydra belongs to the phylum Cnidaria, which diverged from the metazoan lineage before the appearance of bilaterians. In order to understand the evolution of apoptosis in metazoans, we have begun to elucidate the molecular cell death machinery in this model organism. Based on ESTs and the whole Hydra genome assembly, we have identified 15 caspases. We show that one is activated during apoptosis, four have characteristics of initiator caspases with N-terminal DED, CARD or DD domain and two undergo autoprocessing in vitro. In addition, we describe seven Bcl-2-1ike and two Bak-like proteins. For most of the Bcl-2 family proteins, we have observed mitochondrial localization. When expressed in mammalian cells, HyBak-like 1 and 2 strongly induced apoptosis. Six of the Bcl-2 family members inhibited apoptosis induced by camptothecin in mammalian ceils with HyBcl-2-1ike 4 showing an especially strong protective effect. This protein also interacted with HyBak-like 1 in a yeast two-hybrid assay. Mutation of the conserved leucine in its BH3 domain abolished both the interaction with HyBak-like 1 and the anti-apoptotic effect. Moreover, we describe novel Hydra BH-3-only proteins. One of these interacted with Bcl-2-1ike 4 and induced apoptosis in mammalian cells. Our data indicate that the evolution of a complex network for cell death regulation arose at the earliest and simplest level of multicellular organization, where it exhibited a substantially higher level of complexity than in the protostome model organisms Caenorhabditis and Drosophila.

EXPRESSIONS OF P_(53), PROLIFERATING CELL NUCLEAR ANITIGEN,BCL-2 PROTEIN AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE IN SALIVARY ADENOID CYSTIC CARCINOMA

Objective To study the effects of P53, PCNA, Bc1-2 protein and their relationship in salivary adenoid cystic carclnoma(SACC). Methods These protelns were examlned by lmmunohistochemistry. Results overexpressions of Ps, and PCNA were revealed in ACC samples, they were higher than those in (polymorphous adenomas) PA, but expression of Bc1-2 protein was not different between ACC and PA. In 3 subtypes of ACC, expressions of 3 proteins were different. Conciusion Mutations of P53, Bc1-2 may be involed in the occurrence of SACC, expression of PCNA and mutation of P53 may coexist in the development of the SACC.

Expression of bcl-2 protein in chronic hepatitis C:Effect of interferon alpha 2b with ribavirin therapy

AIM: Mechanisms responsible for persistence of HCV infection and liver damage in chronic hepatitis C are not clear. Apoptosis is an important form of host immune response against viral infections. Anti-apoptotic protein bcl-2 expression on liver tissue as well as the influence of interferon alpha 2b (IFNa2b) and ribavirin (RBV) were analyzed in patients with chronic hepatitis C. METHODS: In 30 patients with chronic hepatitis C (responders - R and non-responders - NR) treated with IFNα2b+RBV, protein bcl-2 was determined in hepatocytes and in liver associated lymphocytes before and after the treatment. RESULTS: The treatment diminished bcl-2 protein accumulation in liver cells in_patients with hepatitis C (P<0.05). Before and after the therapy, we detected bcl-2 protein in R in 87±15% and 83±20% of hepatocytes and in 28±18% and 26±10% of liver-associated lymphocytes, respectively. In NR, the values before treatment decreased from 94±32% to 88±21% of hepatocytes and 39±29% to 28±12% of lymphocytes with bcl-2 expression. There was no statistical correlation between bcl-2 expression on liver tissue with inflammatory activity, fibrosis and biochemical parameters before and after the treatment. CONCLUSION: IFNα2b+RBV treatment, by bcl-2 protein expression decrease, enables apoptosis of hepatocytes and associated liver lymphocytes, which in turn eliminate hepatitis C viruses.

Down-Regulation of Bcl-2 Protein Sensitizes NCI-H460 Cells to Radiotherapy-Induced Apoptosis

OBJECTIVE To determine whether Bc1-2 protein down-regulation can render NCI-460 cells more susceptible to gamma radiation-induced apoptosis by treatment with antisense oligonucleotide （ASODN） against the coding region of Bcl-2 mRNA. METHODS Cell survival was determined using the trypan blue dye exclusion. Expression of the Bcl-2 protein was assayed using immunofluo- rescence labeling with fluoresce isothiocyanate. Apoptosis was determined by Giemsa staining and flow cytomertry. RESULTS It was found that Bcl-2 ASODN combined with radiation sig- nificantly reduced the number of viable cells （P〈0.05）. There was no difference in cell survival between a nonsense oligodeoxynucleotide/radiation combination and cells treated with radiation alone. Bcl-2 ASODN combined with radiation significantly inhibited expression of the Bcl-2 protein in the NCI-H460 cells （P〈0.05）. Using Giemsa staining, cells treated with Bcl-2 ASODN combined with radiation at 72 h displayed classic apoptotic changes. Apoptotic rates of the NCI-H460 cells treated with Bcl-2 ASODN combined with radiation significantly increased （P〈 0.05）, compared with either a nonsense oligodeoxynucleotide/radiation combination or radiation-treatment cells alone. CONCLUSION ASODN against the coding region of Bcl-2 mRNA increases radiation-induced apoptosis in NCI-H460 cells.

Melatonin restores normal Bax and Bcl-2 protein expression in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in pinealectomized rats

In this study, we sought to elucidate the effects of melatonin on learning and memory as well as apoptosis and expression of the Bax or Bcl-2 proteins in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in pinealectomized rats. Using the Morris water maze and the olfactory memory tests, we found that the average escape latency in pinealectomized rats was clearly increased compared with sham-operated rats. Moreover, the average escape latency in the melatonin-treated and pinealectomized rats was longer than that in the sham-operated rats and shorter than that in the pinealectomized and untreated rats. Immunohistochemistry and terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling （TUNEL） showed that there were fewer Bax immunoreactive cells and TUNEL-positive （apoptotic） cells but more Bcl-2 immunoreactive cells in the melatonin-treated rats compared with the pinealectomized rats. The sham-operated rats showed numbers of these cells similar to the melatonin-treated rats. These experimental findings demonstrate that melatonin treatment may reduce abnormal apoptosis by promoting gene expression of Bax and suppressing gene expression of Bcl-2 in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in pinealectomized rats. These effects appear to result in the inhibition of cellular apoptosis and the improvement of spatial learning and memory in pinealectomized rats.

The Expression of Apoptosis-Related Genes Bcl-2 and Bax Protein and Apoptosis Positivity in Cervical Carcinoma during Irradiation

To evaluate the apoptosis positivity, the expression of Bcl-2, bax proteinsin 30 patients with squamous cell cervix carcinoma before and after radiotherapy. Methods: By usingimmuno-histochemical and TDT-dUTP nick end labelling techniques, 30 cases of squamous cell cervicalcarcinoma were analyzed. Results: The apoptosis positivity before and after irradiation was 76.7%and 100% respectively, with the difference being significant (P 【 0.05); The positive rates of Bcl-2protein before and after irradiation were 73.3% and 46.7% respectively, with the difference beingsignificant (P 【 0.05); The positive rates of bax protein before and after irradiation were 86% and100% respectively, with the difference being significant (P 【 0.05). Conclusion: bax and Bcl-2protein play an important role in apoptosis induced by fractionated radiation therapy. Apoptosisinduced by irradiation is contributed to upregulation of bax protein or downregulation of Bcl-2protein.

电针对骶上脊髓损伤后神经源性膀胱大鼠尿流动力学及脊髓组织ERK/CREB/Bcl-2通路表达的影响

目的观察电针“次髎”“中极”“三阴交”“大椎”对骶上脊髓损伤后神经源性膀胱大鼠尿流动力学及脊髓组织ERK/CREB/Bcl-2通路表达的影响。方法60只雌性SD大鼠随机选取24只分为空白组和假手术组各12只,其余36只采用脊髓横断法造模,将成模大鼠随机分为模型组和电针组,每组12只。电针组取单侧“次髎”“中极”“三阴交”“大椎”进行电针刺激,每次30 min,1次/d,连续7 d。干预结束后行尿流动力学检测,HE染色观察大鼠膀胱逼尿肌组织形态,TUNEL法检测脊髓组织细胞凋亡情况,Western blot测定脊髓组织p-ERK1/2、p-CREB、p-p90Rsk、CRE、Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达。结果与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠膀胱基础压力、最大压力及漏尿点压明显增加(P<0.01),膀胱最大容量及顺应性明显降低(P<0.01);膀胱平滑肌细胞结构严重破坏、排列紊乱,伴大量炎性细胞浸润;脊髓组织细胞凋亡率明显升高(P<0.01),脊髓组织p-ERK1/2、p-p90Rsk、p-CREB、CRE、Bcl-2蛋白表达明显降低,Bax蛋白表达明显升高(P<0.01)。与模型组比较,电针组大鼠膀胱基础压力、最大压力及漏尿点压均明显降低(P<0.05),膀胱最大容量及顺应性明显增加(P<0.05,P<0.01);膀胱平滑肌细胞完整性增强,细胞水肿程度降低,炎性细胞浸润减轻;脊髓组织细胞凋亡率明显降低(P<0.05),脊髓组织p-ERK1/2、p-p90Rsk、p-CREB、CRE、Bcl-2蛋白表达明显升高,Bax蛋白表达明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论电针可促进骶上脊髓损伤后神经源性膀胱大鼠膀胱逼尿肌组织修复,增加膀胱最大容量及顺应性,缓解膀胱内高压状态,其机制与激活ERK/CREB/Bcl-2通路、减少受损神经元继发性凋亡、改善膀胱的神经支配、保护膀胱功能有关。

Effects of Ethyl Pyruvate on Myocardial Apoptosis and Expression of Bcl-2 and Bax Proteins after Ischemia-reperfusion in Rats

In order to study the effects of ethyl pyruvate on cardiomyocyte apoptosis following ischemia/reperfusion （I/R） in vitro and the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins, isolated rat hearts were perfused in a Langendorff model. Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into 3 groups （n=8 in each group）： control group was perfused for 120 min. In the I/R group, after 30 min stabilization the injury was induced by 30 min global ischemia followed by 60 min reperfusion. Ethyl pyruvate （EP） group was set up with the same protocol as I/R group except that it was supplied with 2 mmol/L EP 15 rain before ischemia and throughout reperfusion. Myocardial malonaldehyde （MDA） content was measured. Myocardial apoptotic index （AI） was tested by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） method. The expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and pro-apoptotic protein Bax in cardiac myocytes was detected by immunohistochemistry. As compared with control group, the content of MDA, myocardial AI and the expression of Bcl-2, Bax proteins were increased significantly in I/R group, but the content of MDA, myocardial AI and the expression of Bax protein were decreased obviously and the expression of Bcl-2 protein was up-regulated in EP group （P〈0.05）. These results demonstrate that EP could inhibit apoptosis of cardiac myocytes possibly via alleviating oxidative stress, up-regulating Bcl-2 and down-regulating Bax proteins.

Pretreatment with low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation may influence neuronal Bcl-2 and Fas protein expression in the CA1 region of the hippocampus: A possible anti-epilepsy mechanism in a lithium-pilocarpine-induced epileptic rat mod

BAOKGROUND： Bcl-2 and Fas proteins are well known as anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic factors respectively. However, whether the anti-epileptic mechanism of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation （rTMS） involves an anti-apoptotic effect via regulating Bcl-2 and Fas protein expression remains to be determined. OBJECTIVE： To verify the correlation between the anti-epileptic mechanism following pretreatment of low-frequency rTMS and anti-hippocampal apoptosis. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized controlled animal experiment was performed at Institute of Neurological Disorders, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College between September 2007 and March 2008. MATERIALS： Pilocarpine （053K13011） was provided by Sigma, USA; lithium was provided by Shanghai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., China; Dantec Maglite-r25 rTMS instrument was provided by Dundee, Denmark. METHODS： A total of 21 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control （n = 6）, rTMS pretreatment （n = 9）, and sham-stimulation （n = 6） groups. The rTMS pretreatment group was pretreated with low-frequency rTMS （0.5 Hz, 75% threshold intensity, 20 times/bundle, and 5 bundles/day）, while the sham-stimulation group was sham-stimulated with a similar sound for 7 successive days to establish lithium-pilocarpine-induced epileptic state models. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Epileptic stroke latency; neuronal morphology was observed using hematoxylin and eosin staining; mean positive-reactive cell number and mean absorbance of Bcl-2 and Fas protein in the hippocampal CA1 region was observed using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS： Epileptic latency in the rTMS pretreatment group was significantly enhanced （P 〈 0.01）, and a number of degenerated neurons were observed to be apoptotic. Bcl-2 protein expression increased at each time point, but Fas protein expression decreased （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： Low-frequency rTMS has an anti-epileptic effect, which may be via regulation of Bcl-2 and Fas protein expression in the hippocampal region.

华蟾素对肝癌患者介入术后外周血Bcl-2和cyclinD1蛋白表达水平的影响

目的观察华蟾素对肝癌患者介入术后外周血Bcl-2和细胞周期蛋白(cyclinD1)表达水平的影响。方法本次研究对象在2020年5月—2021年5月于医院进行介入术治疗的肝癌患者中选择100例,随机分为两组,50例患者给予患者常规介入治疗(常规介入组),50例患者在常规化疗的基础上加用华蟾素治疗(华蟾素组)。检测患者的Bax、Bcl-2、cyclinD1水平及肝功能指标[甲胎蛋白(AFP)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、总胆红素(TBIL)、谷草转氨酶(AST)]、免疫功能指标[免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、自然杀伤(NK)细胞、T淋巴细胞亚群(CD_(4)^(+)、CD_(4)^(+)/CD_(8)^(+))],比较两组卡氏(KPS)评分、肝功能分级标准(Child-Pugh)评分,评价疗效,观察两组不良反应发生情况。结果华蟾素组患者治疗后的Bax水平高于常规介入组(P<0.05),Bcl-2、cyclinD1水平低于常规介入组(P<0.05);华蟾素组患者治疗后的AFP、TBIL、AST水平低于常规介入组(P<0.05),ALT水平高于常规介入组(P<0.05);华蟾素组患者治疗后的IgG、NK细胞、CD_(4)^(+)水平高于常规介入组(P<0.05),CD_(4)^(+)/CD_(8)^(+)水平低于常规介入组(P<0.05);华蟾素组患者治疗后的KPS评分高于常规介入组(P<0.05),Child-Pugh评分低于常规介入组(P<0.05);华蟾素组患者治疗有效率为92.00%,高于常规介入组的74.00%(P<0.05);华蟾素组患者的不良反应发生率为20.00%,低于常规介入组的44.00%(P<0.05)。结论华蟾素可以下调肝癌患者介入术后外周血Bcl-2和cyclinD1蛋白表达水平,上调Bax水平,促进肿瘤细胞凋亡;同时可以增强患者的肝功能和免疫功能,提高生活质量,改善预后;还能提高肝癌介入治疗疗效,降低发生不良反应的风险。

Effects of Low Dose Radiation on Tumor Apoptosis, Cell Cycle and Apoptosis-Related Protein Bcl-2 in Tumor-Bearing Mice

To study the effects of low dose radiation (LDR) on tumor apoptosis, cellcycle progression and changes of apoptosis-related protein Bcl-2 in tumor-bearing mice. Methods:Male mice of Kunming strain were implanted subcutaneously with S180 sarcoma cells in the left inguenas an in situ experimental animal model. Seven days later, the mice were subjected to 75 mGywhole-body γ-irradiation. At 24 and 48 h after the irradiation, all mice were sacrificed. The tumorsizes were measured, and tumor cell apoptosis and cell cycle progression were analyzed by flowcytometry. The expression of apoptosis-related protein Bcl-2 and the apoptotic rate of tumor cellswere observed by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Results: Tumors grew significantlyslower after LDR (P 【 0.05). The tumor cells were arrested in G1 phrase and the expression of Bcl-2protein decreased at 24 h. Apoptotic rate of tumor cells was increased significantly at 48 h afterLDR (P 【 0.01). Conclusion: LDR could cause a G1-phase arrest and increase the apoptosis of tumorcells through the low level of apoptosis-related protein bcl-2 in the tumor-bearing mice. Theorganized immune function and anti-tumor ability are markedly increased after LDR. Our studyprovides practical evidence of clinical application to cancer treatment.

Discovery of novel inhibitors of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins derived from Bim BH3 domain

The BH3 mimetics targeting the interaction between the BH3-only proteins and their prosurvival Bcl-2family proteins have shown enormous potential as cancer therapeutics. Herein, seven analogues targeting anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins derived from the Bim BH3 domain via sequence simplification and/or modification are described. The in vitro binding affinity on anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins and cell killing activity were evaluated. The results showed that analogues could significantly bind to target proteins and exhibited anti-cancer effect against three cancer cell lines. Of particular interest were the analogue SM-5（KD= 9.48 nmol/L for Bcl-2） and SM-6（KD= 0.08 nmol/L for Bcl-xL）, which exhibited improved binding affinity compared with the lead Bim（KD= 16.90 nmol/L for Bcl-2 and 22.2 nmol/L for Bcl-xL, respectively）. These results indicated that the peptide sequence containing the four hydrophobic side chains occupying pockets within the BH3-recognition cleft of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins might be the minimum sequence required for the bioactivity and the active core region of Bim. Promising inhibitors of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins with high bioactivity might be designed based on the active core.

黄芪多糖调控Bcl-2/Bax信号通路抑制卵巢腺癌Caov-3细胞生长的实验研究

目的研究黄芪多糖调控Bcl-2/Bax信号通路对卵巢腺癌Caov-3细胞生长的影响。方法将黄芪多糖分为低、中、高剂量组,分别加入10、50、100 mg/mL黄芪多糖,流式细胞术检测10、50、100 mg/mL黄芪多糖作用Caov-3细胞后对细胞周期的影响,显微镜下观察Caov-3细胞凋亡情况和形态变化,Western blot法检测3组药物作用Caov-3细胞后对Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达水平及对Bcl/Bax的影响;同时,比较阿司匹林联合黄芪多糖与单用黄芪多糖对Caov-3细胞的抑制率。结果黄芪多糖低、中、高剂量组对Caov-3细胞的抑制率分别为40%、50%、65%,黄芪多糖的IC_(50)为50 mg/mL,与对照组比较,黄芪多糖高剂量组对Caov-3细胞的抑制效果最为明显,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);黄芪多糖联合阿司匹林的抑制效果优于单纯使用黄芪多糖(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,黄芪多糖高剂量组对Caov-3细胞周期的影响更为显著,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,黄芪多糖高剂量组Caov-3细胞凋亡的数目显著增加,Bcl-2蛋白表达水平显著降低,Bax蛋白表达水平显著升高,Bcl-2/Bax降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论黄芪多糖能有效抑制Caov-3细胞的生长,联合阿司匹林效果更好。其机制可能与黄芪多糖调控Bcl-2/Bax信号通路,促进细胞凋亡有关。

基于Caspase-3/Bcl-2/Bax信号通路探究加味旋覆代赭汤治疗食管癌前病变的作用机制

目的:探究加味旋覆代赭汤对食管癌前病变大鼠Caspase-3/Bcl-2/Bax信号通路的调控作用机制。方法:将48只雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组,空白组、模型组、中药组、西药组,每组各12只。除空白组外均采用复合造模法制作食管癌前病变大鼠模型,造模成功后,分别进行药物灌胃干预,空白组、模型组用生理盐水灌胃,中药组和西药组分别给予加味旋覆代赭汤、西药(雷贝拉唑+莫沙必利)灌胃,给药8周取材。利用光学显微镜观察食管上皮组织的形态学变化;分别应用蛋白质印迹法(Western-blot)及聚合酶链式反应(PCR)检测食管上皮组织Caspase-3、Bcl-2及Bax的表达水平。结果:与空白组比较,模型组大鼠食管上皮病理积分升高(P<0.01);与模型组比较,中药组、西药组大鼠食管上皮病理积分均降低(P<0.01)。PCR及Western-blot检测结果显示,与空白组比较,模型组大鼠Caspase-3、Bax mRNA、蛋白表达均降低(P<0.01);与模型组比较,中药、西药组大鼠Caspase-3、Bax mRNA、蛋白表达均增高(P<0.05)。与空白组比较,模型组大鼠食管组织中Bcl-2 m RNA及蛋白表达水平均升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,中药组和西药组Bcl-2 mRNA及蛋白表达水平均降低(P<0.05)。结论:加味旋覆代赭汤可能通过下调Bcl-2/Bax比值,增加线粒体外膜通透性,释放凋亡因子,激活Caspase-3,使病变组织发生凋亡,扭转食管上皮异型增生,从而起到治疗食管癌前病变的作用。

从NF-κB/Bcl-2信号通路调控成纤维样滑膜细胞凋亡角度探讨中医药抑制类风湿关节炎滑膜炎症机制的研究进展

类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)是一种以关节滑膜炎症为主要特征的自身免疫性疾病,成纤维样滑膜细胞(fibroblast-like synoviocytes,FLS)的抗凋亡是导致该病病情发展的主要因素。如何促进FLS凋亡并抑制炎症反应是目前RA治疗和研究的重点。核因子κB(nuclear factor kappa-B,NF-κB)/B淋巴细胞瘤-2(B-cell lymphoma-2,Bcl-2)信号通路在RA发病过程中发挥了关键作用,其与FLS炎症倾向、抗凋亡等密切相关。研究并探讨NF-κB/Bcl-2信号通路调控FLS凋亡的机制及作用,介绍中医药靶向该通路促进FLS凋亡进而抑制RA滑膜炎症的研究现状,旨在为中医药治疗RA的研究提供一定基础。

血清SIRT1、Fibulin-5、Bcl-2/Bax与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块破裂所致脑梗死的关系及联合检测价值

目的 探讨血清沉默信息调节蛋白1 (SIRT1)、衰老关键蛋白抗原-5 (Fibulin-5)、B淋巴细胞瘤基因-2(Bcl-2)/B淋巴细胞瘤基因-2相关X蛋白(Bax)与颈动脉粥样硬化(CAS)斑块破裂所致脑梗死(ACI)的关系及联合检测价值。方法 选取新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院2021年1月至2023年2月CAS斑块破裂所致ACI患者98例作为研究组,另选取同期CAS斑块未破裂患者98例作为对照组,比较两组血清SIRT1、Fibulin-5、Bcl-2、Bax水平,分析各血清指标对CAS斑块破裂所致ACI风险的影响及与病情的关系,并评价各血清学指标单独及联合预测CAS斑块破裂所致ACI的价值。结果 研究组血清SIRT1、Bcl-2水平低于对照组,Fibulin-5、Bax水平高于对照组(P<0.05);大面积梗死(MCI)患者血清SIRT1、Bcl-2水平<小面积梗死患者<腔隙性梗死(LI)患者,Fibulin-5、Bax水平>小面积梗死患者> LI患者(P<0.05);重度神经功能缺损患者血清SIRT1、Bcl-2水平<中度神经功能缺损患者<轻度神经功能缺损患者,Fibulin-5、Bax水平>中度神经功能缺损患者>轻度神经功能缺损患者(P<0.05);血清SIRT1、Bcl-2低水平患者CAS斑块破裂所致ACI风险是高水平患者的2.311倍、2.921倍,Fibulin-5、Bax高水平患者CAS斑块破裂所致ACI风险是低水平患者的3.470倍、3.184倍(P<0.05);血清SIRT1、Bcl-2与梗死面积、神经功能缺损程度呈负相关,Fibulin-5、Bax与梗死面积、神经功能缺损程度呈正相关(P<0.05);血清SIRT1、Fibulin-5、Bcl-2、Bax预测CAS斑块破裂所致ACI的AUC分别为0.716 (95%CI:0.648~0.778)、0.796 (95%CI:0.733~0.850)、0.728 (95%CI:0.660~0.789)、0.763 (95%CI:0.698~0.821),联合预测CAS斑块破裂所致ACI的AUC为0.909 (95%CI:0.860~0.945),优于各血清指标单独预测。结论 血清SIRT1、Fibulin-5、Bcl-2/Bax与CAS斑块破裂所致ACI及其病情程度密切相关,联合预测价值可靠,对临床开展防治工作具有指导意义。

Expression of P16 protein and Bcl-2 protein in malignant eyelid tumors

Objective To investigate the relationship between P16 gene (the tumor suppressor gene) and the bcl-2 gene (the apoptosis inhibitor gene) and the incidence and development of malignant eyelid tumors. Methods The streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase complex immunohistochemistry method was used to study the expression of P16 gene and the bcl-2 gene in 96 cases of malignant eyelid tumors. [WTF5絉esults [WTFZ]Among the 96 cases, there were 40 basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), 33 squamous carcinomas and 23 sebaceous carcinoma, with P16 protein positive (nuclear staining) rates 70%, 54.6% and 56.5%, respectively. The P16 positive rate was negatively correlated with the degree of tumor histological differentiation, and the rate difference between the high differentiated carcinomas was significant (P【0.05). Positive Bcl-2 protein expression was detected in the cytoplasm. All 40 BCC cases were Bcl-2 positive, and nearly all of the tumor cells showed positive cytoplasmic expression, while in the 33 squamous cell carcinoma cases only one showed positive focal reaction, and the staining in the other 32 cases was relatively faint. None of the 23 sebaceous carcinomas expressed Bcl-2. Conclusions The expression of the P16 protein was related to the occurrence and degree of differentiation of malignant eyelid tumors. The overexpression of the Bcl-2 protein suggests that suppression of apoptosis might play a role in the tumorigenesis of BCC.