The Impact of Sleep Determination on Procrastination before Bedtime:The Role of Anxiety

Objective:The importance of good sleep for energy recovery and overall physical and mental health cannot be overstated.However,the increasing competitiveness of society,diversifying lifestyles,and the rapid spread of the internet and electronic devices have significantly impacted people’s sleep patterns,particularly through bedtime procrastination.Therefore,this study aims to investigate the relationship and underlying mechanisms between sleep determination,anxiety,and bedtime procrastination among the Chinese population.Method:The study utilized data from a national survey—the China Residents’Sleep Condition Survey(November 2021,with 6,037 participants).By constructing mediation and moderation models,it analyzed the relationship and mechanisms between sleep determination and bedtime procrastination,highlighting the dual role of anxiety:as a mediator between sleep determination and bedtime procrastination,and as a moderator of their relationship.Results:There was a negative correlation between sleep determination and bedtime procrastination;anxiety was related to an increase in bedtime procrastination behaviors;In the interplay between sleep determination and pre-bedtime procrastination,the regulatory effect of anxiety is found to be more pronounced than its intermediary role,with anxiety significantly diminishing the inverse relationship between sleep determination and procrastination before bedtime.Conclusion:Bedtime procrastination can lead to sleep issues,thus reducing sleep quality.Enhancing sleep determination or alleviating pre-sleep anxiety can help inhibit bedtime procrastination behaviors.Intervening and reducing bedtime procrastination is one of the effective measures to improve sleep quality.

Bedtime Prayers

<正>Julie was saying her bedtime prayers. 'Please God', she said, 'Make Naples the capital of Italy. Make Naples the capital of Italy.'

Associations of sleep duration with childhood obesity: findings from a national cohort study in China

Objective:Examine effect of sleep duration on children’s risk of overweight and obesity;and study associations between activities in the last hour before bedtime and sleep outcomes(sleep duration,sleep quality,and sleep onset latency).Methods:Children’s data were recruited using a questionnaire survey from a nationally representative sample of children(n=10279)in China in 2013‒2016.Mixed-effects models were used to test associations among variables stratified by sex.Results:Sleep duration was positively associated with BMI in boys(β=0.04,P=0.021).Girls with short sleep durations(<8 h/d)tended to have higher BMI values than those with normal sleep durations(8‒9 h/d)(β=0.12,P=0.063).The top three activities were playing electronic devices(Factor 1),doing homework,and reading(combined as Factor 2).Factors 1 and 2 were both significantly associated with sleep duration(β=0.17,P<0.001;β=−0.26,P<0.001,respectively).Conclusion:Sleep duration seems to affect BMI in Chinese children.Using electronic devices and reading before bedtime influenced sleep duration.Good bedtime habits and sleep duration can help weight management in children.

Determinants of Sleepiness among Pupils in Kanto District of Japan

Backgrounds: Sleepiness is reported to predict sleep quality, academic performance and self-regulation. This study aimed to discover determinants of sleepiness. Methods: On 2722 questionnaires obtained from pupils in grades 5 - 12 in the Kanto district of Japan, lifestyle habits associated with sleepiness were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: The rate of sleepy pupils (who feel sleepy during class as often and always) increased from elementary school (6.3%) to senior high school (42.4%) via junior high school (17.1%). Higher grade (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.28;95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21 - 1.37;p < 0.001), later bedtime before school day (OR, 1.41;CI, 1.26 - 1.57;p < 0.001), longer non-school day screen time (OR, 1.27;CI, 1.16 - 1.40;p < 0.001), poor self-reported academic performance (OR, 1.41;CI, 1.24 - 1.60;p < 0.001), skipping breakfast (OR, 1.18;CI, 1.01 - 1.39;p = 0.041), earlier wake time on school day (OR, 0.84;CI, 0.71 - 0.98;p = 0.026), and higher after-school (OR, 1.03;CI, 1.02 - 1.04;p < 0.001) and physical activities (OR, 1.06;CL, 1.03 - 1.10;p < 0.001) were independently associated with sleepy pupils. Conclusions: To reduce adolescents’ sleepiness in the Kanto district of Japan, we recommend them to have adequate waking time, and to avoid late bedtime, breakfast skipping, excessive screen time, after-school activity, and physical activity. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm involvements of these recommended factors in sleepiness and both physical and mental health outcomes.