Extensive coal deposits are sterilized beneath surface buildings in China. The paper elaborates on the present status of the study on mining beneath surface buildings from several aspects involving the techniques for ...Extensive coal deposits are sterilized beneath surface buildings in China. The paper elaborates on the present status of the study on mining beneath surface buildings from several aspects involving the techniques for reducing ground subsidence and deformation and the measures for protecting buildings. Following that, it is pointed out that, in the future, more efforts should be directed forwards the following aspects: the laws governing the ground movement; the techniques for constructing anti-deformation buildings; coal-bed gasification and protection of buildings; grouting of the overlying strata with bed separation phenomena; and the method for evaluating the stability of the ground above a worked-out area.展开更多
Forest canopy reduces shortwave radiation and increases the incoming longwave radiation to snowpacks beneath forest canopies. Furthermore, the effect of forest canopy may be changed by complex topography. In this pape...Forest canopy reduces shortwave radiation and increases the incoming longwave radiation to snowpacks beneath forest canopies. Furthermore, the effect of forest canopy may be changed by complex topography. In this paper, we measured and simulated the incoming longwave radiation to snow beneath forest at different canopy openness in the west Tianshan Mountains, China(43°16'N, 84°24'E) during spring 2013. A sensitivity study was conducted to explore the way that terrain influenced the incoming longwave radiation to snow beneath forest canopies. In the simulation model, measurement datasets, including air temperature, incoming shortwave radiation above canopy, and longwave radiation enhanced by adjacent terrain, were applied to calculate the incoming longwave radiation to snow beneath forest canopy. The simulation results were consistent with the measurements on hourly scale and daily scale. The effect of longwave radiation enhanced by terrain was important than that of shortwave radiation above forest canopy with different openness except the 20% canopy openness. The longwave radiation enhanced due to adjacent terrain increases with the slope increase and temperature rise. When air temperature(or slope) is relatively low, thelongwave radiation enhanced by adjacent terrain is not sensitive to slope(or air temperature), but the sensitivity increases with the decrease of snow cover area on sunny slope. The effect of longwave radiation is especially sensitive when the snow cover on sunny slope melts completely. The effect of incoming shortwave radiation reflected by adjacent terrain on incoming longwave radiation to snow beneath forest canopies is more slight than that of the enhanced longwave radiation.展开更多
目的:探讨瘢痕疙瘩下埋植扩张器治疗大面积瘢痕疙瘩的临床疗效。方法:2006年8月—2017年8月,60例瘢痕疙瘩患者共65个部位的瘢痕疙瘩接受瘢痕疙瘩下埋植扩张器治疗。扩张器容量70～600 m L。经50～126 d注水扩张,行瘢痕疙瘩切除或部分切...目的:探讨瘢痕疙瘩下埋植扩张器治疗大面积瘢痕疙瘩的临床疗效。方法:2006年8月—2017年8月,60例瘢痕疙瘩患者共65个部位的瘢痕疙瘩接受瘢痕疙瘩下埋植扩张器治疗。扩张器容量70～600 m L。经50～126 d注水扩张,行瘢痕疙瘩切除或部分切除、扩张器取出和扩张皮瓣转移术,术中即时给予残留瘢痕疙瘩皮损内注射复方倍他米松注射液以及术后浅层电子束照射联合治疗。术后随访12～50个月不等。采用患者与观察者瘢痕评估量表评价疗效。结果:61个部位顺利完成整个治疗过程,4个胸部扩张器因外露提前取出。随访12个月以上,治愈47个部位(占77%);部分复发14个部位(占23%);完全复发0个部位。术前和术后12月的总POSAS评分分别为(59.31±4.94)分和(18.15±1.51)分(P<0.05)。结论:瘢痕疙瘩下埋植扩张器是治疗大面积瘢痕疙瘩较为理想的选择方法之一。展开更多
文摘Extensive coal deposits are sterilized beneath surface buildings in China. The paper elaborates on the present status of the study on mining beneath surface buildings from several aspects involving the techniques for reducing ground subsidence and deformation and the measures for protecting buildings. Following that, it is pointed out that, in the future, more efforts should be directed forwards the following aspects: the laws governing the ground movement; the techniques for constructing anti-deformation buildings; coal-bed gasification and protection of buildings; grouting of the overlying strata with bed separation phenomena; and the method for evaluating the stability of the ground above a worked-out area.
基金funded by National Key Technology Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.2012BAC23B01)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41271098,41171066)China Special Fund for Meteorological Research in the Public Interest(GYHY201206026)
文摘Forest canopy reduces shortwave radiation and increases the incoming longwave radiation to snowpacks beneath forest canopies. Furthermore, the effect of forest canopy may be changed by complex topography. In this paper, we measured and simulated the incoming longwave radiation to snow beneath forest at different canopy openness in the west Tianshan Mountains, China(43°16'N, 84°24'E) during spring 2013. A sensitivity study was conducted to explore the way that terrain influenced the incoming longwave radiation to snow beneath forest canopies. In the simulation model, measurement datasets, including air temperature, incoming shortwave radiation above canopy, and longwave radiation enhanced by adjacent terrain, were applied to calculate the incoming longwave radiation to snow beneath forest canopy. The simulation results were consistent with the measurements on hourly scale and daily scale. The effect of longwave radiation enhanced by terrain was important than that of shortwave radiation above forest canopy with different openness except the 20% canopy openness. The longwave radiation enhanced due to adjacent terrain increases with the slope increase and temperature rise. When air temperature(or slope) is relatively low, thelongwave radiation enhanced by adjacent terrain is not sensitive to slope(or air temperature), but the sensitivity increases with the decrease of snow cover area on sunny slope. The effect of longwave radiation is especially sensitive when the snow cover on sunny slope melts completely. The effect of incoming shortwave radiation reflected by adjacent terrain on incoming longwave radiation to snow beneath forest canopies is more slight than that of the enhanced longwave radiation.
文摘目的:探讨瘢痕疙瘩下埋植扩张器治疗大面积瘢痕疙瘩的临床疗效。方法:2006年8月—2017年8月,60例瘢痕疙瘩患者共65个部位的瘢痕疙瘩接受瘢痕疙瘩下埋植扩张器治疗。扩张器容量70～600 m L。经50～126 d注水扩张,行瘢痕疙瘩切除或部分切除、扩张器取出和扩张皮瓣转移术,术中即时给予残留瘢痕疙瘩皮损内注射复方倍他米松注射液以及术后浅层电子束照射联合治疗。术后随访12～50个月不等。采用患者与观察者瘢痕评估量表评价疗效。结果:61个部位顺利完成整个治疗过程,4个胸部扩张器因外露提前取出。随访12个月以上,治愈47个部位(占77%);部分复发14个部位(占23%);完全复发0个部位。术前和术后12月的总POSAS评分分别为(59.31±4.94)分和(18.15±1.51)分(P<0.05)。结论:瘢痕疙瘩下埋植扩张器是治疗大面积瘢痕疙瘩较为理想的选择方法之一。
