Investigation of electrons inside the satellite by the Geant4 simulation

The measurement of the electron radiation inside the satellite is important for engineering and space environment researches.The particle radiation detectors (PRD) on board CBERS-1 and CBERS-2 made great contribution to understanding of the space environment.Then,what is the radiation relationship between inside and outside the satellite? The Monte Carlo simula-tion with Geant4 was implemented to study the problem.The boundaries of the energy bins of 0.5 and 2 MeV were precisely corresponding to outside energies of 0.99 and 2.52 MeV,respectively.Besides the changes of the energy bins,the fluxes inside were smaller than those of the corresponding bins outside.The spectrum inside the satellite was harder than that outside.An indicator was that the flux ratio of the high energy bin to the low energy bin increased more than 20% from outside to inside.The geometric factor (GF) relates to the incident energy of electrons.By using the AE-8 model to derive the incident spec-trum,the GFs of the low and high energy bins were 1.15 and 0.70 cm2 sr,respectively.GF of the low energy bin was larger than that of the high energy bin.But they were both smaller than the previous results.It was due to the scattering,straggle and shielding effects.

Fast muon simulation in the JUNO central detector

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory （JUNO） is a multi-purpose neutrino experiment designed to measure the neutrino mass hierarchy using a central detector （CD）, which contains 20 kton liquid scintillator （LS） surrounded by about 17000 photomultiplier tubes （PMTs）. Due to the large fiducial volume and huge number of PMTs, the simulation of a muon particle passing through the CD with the Geant4 toolkit becomes an extremely computation-intensive task. This paper presents a fast simulation implementation using a so-called voxel method： for scintillation photons generated in a certain LS voxel, the PMT＇s response is produced beforehand with Geant4 and then introduced into the simulation at runtime. This parameterisation method successfully speeds up the most CPU consuming process, the optical photon＇s propagation in the LS, by a factor of 50. In the paper, the comparison of physics performance between fast and full simulation is also given.

BESⅢ飞行时间计数器刻度的模拟研究

基于GEANT4,完成了BESⅢ探测器单块飞行时间计数器的模拟,并对各类不同的带电粒子(e,μ,π,k,p),进行了仔细的时间刻度研究,发现质子的本征时间分辨最好.利用1.0 GeV/c电子的刻度参数用于不同动量的强子(π,k,p)修正时,发现存在一个与强子的速度β有关的系统时间偏移.改进时间刻度方法后可以基本消除这个偏移.

π介子在BESⅢ探测器中的穿透效应

用模拟软件GEANT 4对BESⅢ探测器中π介子的穿透效应进行了模拟,给出了不同动量的π介子在μ探测器中穿透效率。对π介子与μ轻子在μ探测器中的行为做了对比研究,从而为BESⅢ中π/μ鉴别提供帮助。

Response functions of a 4π summing gamma detector in β-Oslo method

The response functions of a 4π summing BGO detector were established using extensive experimental measurements and GEANT4 simulation. The partial and total efficiencies for all components of the γ-ray interaction with the BGO detector were also measured. These response functions and efficiencies will be used in the β-Oslo method experiments to study the neutron capture cross sections of radioactive heavy ions. The application of the response functions of the BGO detector under simulated continuum γ-rays and source measurement γ-rays proves that the method and response functions are reliable.

Study on the performance of a large-size CsI detector for high energy γ-rays

The measurement of high-energy γ-rays is an important experimental method to study the giant resonance in a nucleus, c reaction in nuclear astrophysics, and so on. The performance of a large-size Cs I detector for crays detection is studied by comparison between the experimental measurements and GEANT4 simulation. The reliability of the simulated efficiency for low-energy γ-rays is verified by comparing with the experimental data. The efficiency of the Cs I detector for high-energy γ-rays was obtained by the GEANT4 simulation. The simulation shows that the detection efficiency of 20 Me V γ-rays can reach 3.8%.

Amethod for sharing dynamic geometry information in studies on liquid-based detectors

Liquid-based detectors are widely used in particle and nuclear physics experiments.Because fixed method is used to construct the geometry in detector simulations such as Geant4,it is usually difficult to describe the non-uniformity of the liquid in a detector.We propose a method based on geometry description markup language and a tessellated detector description to share the detector geometry information between computational fluid dynamics simulation software and detector simulation software.This method makes it possible to study the impact of a liquid flow and non-uniformity on the key performance of a liquid-based detector,such as the event vertex reconstruction resolution.This will also be helpful in the detector design and performance optimization.

面向对象的BESⅢ探测器模拟系统

BESⅢ探测器的模拟软件包BOOST,是基于Geant4开发的面向对象的模拟软件．BOOST全面地模拟了BESⅢ探测器的物质和几何结构,给出了粒子在各个子探测器中的击中信息,以ASCⅡ码文件的形式输出原始数据和MC truth信息可供重建软件开发和物理分析使用,初步结果显示BOOST的模拟是合理的．

Design of hadronic calorimeter for DarkSHINE experiment

The sensitivity of the dark photon search through invisible decay final states in low-background experiments relies sig-nificantly on the neutron and muon veto efficiencies,which depend on the amount of material used and the design of the detector geometry.This paper presents the optimized design of the hadronic calorimeter(HCAL)used in the DarkSHINE experiment,which is studied using a GEANT4-based simulation framework.The geometry is optimized by comparing a traditional design with uniform absorbers to one that uses different thicknesses at different locations on the detector,which enhances the efficiency of vetoing low-energy neutrons at the sub-GeV level.The overall size and total amount of material used in the HCAL are optimized to be lower,owing to the load and budget requirements,whereas the overall performance is studied to satisfy the physical objectives.

Simulation of large-scale fast neutron liquid scintillation detector

Neutron background measurement is always very important for dark matter detection due to almost the same effect for the recoiled nucleus scattered off by the incident neutron and dark matter particle. For deep under-ground experiments, the flux of neutron background is so low that large-scale detection is usually necessary. In this paper, by using Geant4, the relationship between detection efficiency and volume is investigated, meanwhile, two geometrical schemes for this detection including a single large-sized detector and arrayed multi-detector are compared under the condition of the same volume. The geometrical parameters of detectors are filtrated and detection efficiencies obtained under the similar background condition of China Jingping Underground Laboratory （CJPL）. The results show that for a large-scale Gd-doped liquid scintillation detector, the detection efficiency increases with the size of detector at the beginning and then trends toward a constant. Under the condition of the same length and cross section, the arrayed multi-detector has almost similar detection performance as the single large-sized detector, while too much detector number could cause degeneration of detection performance. Considering engineering factors, such as testing, assembling and production, the 4 × 4 arrayed detector scheme is flexible and more suitable. Furthermore, the conditions for using fast and slow signal coincidence detection and the detectable lower limit of neutron energy are evaluated by simulating the light process.