Border Gateway Protocol(BGP)is a standard inter-domain routing protocol for the Internet that conveys network layer reachability information and establishes routes to different destinations.The BGP protocol exhibits s...Border Gateway Protocol(BGP)is a standard inter-domain routing protocol for the Internet that conveys network layer reachability information and establishes routes to different destinations.The BGP protocol exhibits security design defects,such as an unconditional trust mechanism and the default acceptance of BGP route announcements from peers by BGP neighboring nodes,easily triggering prefix hijacking,path forgery,route leakage,and other BGP security threats.Meanwhile,the traditional BGP security mechanism,relying on a public key infrastructure,faces issues like a single point of failure and a single point of trust.The decentralization,anti-tampering,and traceability advantages of blockchain offer new solution ideas for constructing secure and trusted inter-domain routing mechanisms.In this paper,we summarize the characteristics of BGP protocol in detail,sort out the BGP security threats and their causes.Additionally,we analyze the shortcomings of the traditional BGP security mechanism and comprehensively evaluate existing blockchain-based solutions to address the above problems and validate the reliability and effectiveness of blockchain-based BGP security methods in mitigating BGP security threats.Finally,we discuss the challenges posed by BGP security problems and outline prospects for future research.展开更多
“Strength”and“vitality”are the comments that people in the industry have used to describe China’s cross-border e-commerce in 2023,which has been proven by the latest statistics.According to the General Administra...“Strength”and“vitality”are the comments that people in the industry have used to describe China’s cross-border e-commerce in 2023,which has been proven by the latest statistics.According to the General Administration of Customs,in 2023,the total volume of imports and exports was RMB 2.38 trillion,up by 15.6%.The volume of exports was RMB 1.83 billion,up by 19.6%,and the volume of imports was RMB 548.3 billion,up by 3.9%.展开更多
The border gateway protocol (BGP) is the default inter domain routing protocol used on the internet for exchanging information between autonomous systems. Available literature suggests that BGP is vulnerable to sessio...The border gateway protocol (BGP) is the default inter domain routing protocol used on the internet for exchanging information between autonomous systems. Available literature suggests that BGP is vulnerable to session hijacking attacks. There are a number of proposals aimed at improving BGP security which have not been fully implemented. This paper examines a number of approaches for securing BGP through a comparative study and identifies the reasons why these proposals have not been implemented commercially. This paper analyses the architecture of internet routing and the design of BGP while focusing on the problem of BGP session hijacking attacks. Using Graphical Network Simulator 3 (GNS-3), a session hijack is demonstrated and a solution which involves the implementation of route filtering, policy-maps and route-maps on CISCO routers representing ASes is carried out. In the end, a workable industry standard framework for securing and protecting BGP sessions and border routers from exploitation with little or no modification to the existing routing infrastructure is demonstrated.展开更多
The border effect(BE)is widely observed in crop field experiments,and it has been extensively studied in many crops.However,only limited attention has been paid to the BE of ratoon rice.We conducted field experiments ...The border effect(BE)is widely observed in crop field experiments,and it has been extensively studied in many crops.However,only limited attention has been paid to the BE of ratoon rice.We conducted field experiments on ratoon rice in Qichun County,Hubei Province,Central China in 2018 and 2019 to compare the BE in the main and ratoon crops,and to quantify the contribution of BE in the main crop to that in the ratoon crop.The BE of two hybrid varieties was measured for the outermost,second outermost,and third outermost rows in each plot of both crops.To determine the contribution of BE between the two crops,portions of hills in the outermost and second outermost rows were uprooted during the harvest of the main crop so that the second and third outermost rows then became the outermost rows in the ratoon crop.Overall,the BE on grain yield was greater in the main crop than in the ratoon crop.In the main crop,the BE on grain yield was 98.3%in the outermost row,which was explained by the BE on panicles m^(–2),spikelets/panicle,spikelets m^(–2),and total dry weight.In the ratoon crop,the BE on grain yield was reduced to 60.9 and 27.6%with and without the contribution of the BE in the main crop,respectively.Consequently,55.1%of the BE on grain yield in the ratoon crop was contributed from the main crop.High stubble dry weight and non-structural carbohydrate(NSC)accumulation at the harvest of the main crop were responsible for the contribution of BE in the main crop to that in the ratoon crop.Our results suggest that increases in stubble dry weight and NSC accumulation at the harvest of the main crop could be important strategies for developing high-yielding cropping practices in the rice ratooning system.展开更多
The foreign trade industry in China had a good start in general this year,thanks to the rapid growth in cross-border e-commerce.The 2022 China Cross Border E-Commerce Market Data Report was released at the cross-borde...The foreign trade industry in China had a good start in general this year,thanks to the rapid growth in cross-border e-commerce.The 2022 China Cross Border E-Commerce Market Data Report was released at the cross-border e-commerce roundtable meeting held on March 30th this year,indicating that cross-border e-commerce made a contribution of 37.32%to China’s total import and export trade value in goods(RMB 42.07 trillion)in 2022.展开更多
As major country competition is becoming ever more intense,data has become a key strategic resource,making rules of cross-border data flow going beyond the business scope in a traditional sense and becomin...As major country competition is becoming ever more intense,data has become a key strategic resource,making rules of cross-border data flow going beyond the business scope in a traditional sense and becoming a strategic issue concerning national development and security.Relevant parties compete against each other in three major areas of the collection of cross-border law enforcement data,cross-border flow of corporate data.展开更多
To strengthen border patrol measures, unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs) are gradually used in many countries to detect illegal entries on borders. However, how to efficiently deploy limited UAVs to patrol on borders of l...To strengthen border patrol measures, unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs) are gradually used in many countries to detect illegal entries on borders. However, how to efficiently deploy limited UAVs to patrol on borders of large areas remains challenging. In this paper, we first model the problem of deploying UAVs for border patrol as a Stackelberg game. Two players are considered in this game: The border patrol agency is the leader,who optimizes the patrol path of UAVs to detect the illegal immigrant. The illegal immigrant is the follower, who selects a certain area of the border to pass through at a certain time after observing the leader’s strategy. Second, a compact linear programming problem is proposed to tackle the exponential growth of the number of leader’s strategies. Third, a method is proposed to reduce the size of the strategy space of the follower. Then, we provide some theoretic results to present the effect of parameters of the model on leader’s utilities. Experimental results demonstrate the positive effect of limited starting and ending areas of UAV’s patrolling conditions and multiple patrolling altitudes on the leader ’s utility, and show that the proposed solution outperforms two conventional patrol strategies and has strong robustness.展开更多
The rapid development of the digital economy and profound changes in currency functions have driven the emergence of a large number of digital currencies.In order to improve the competitiveness and efficiency of payme...The rapid development of the digital economy and profound changes in currency functions have driven the emergence of a large number of digital currencies.In order to improve the competitiveness and efficiency of payment systems,governments all over the world have accelerated the research and development of central bank digital currency(CBDC).After years of preparation and research and development,Digital renminbi has also entered the pilot application stage.Given the many shortcomings of the current cross-border payment system,CBDC cross-border payment has become an important development direction.At present,some central banks are collaborating on CBDC cross-border payment research and initiating experimental plans to explore CBDC cross-border payment arrangements.With the expansion of the acceptance range of Digital renminbi and the improvement of the international use level of CNY,oil and gas enterprises will have broad prospects in the cross-border payment field in the future.This paper suggests that oil and gas enterprises,in accordance with the principle of"from easy to difficult,step by step",give priority to the introduction of Digital renminbi from regions and fields where RMB or local currency settlement has been achieved,and combine Digital renminbi with imported oil and gas to explore the use of Digital renminbi in cross-border payment.展开更多
After closing for 1,012 days due to the COVID-19 pandemic,the Jiegao border gate in Ruili City,south China’s Yunnan Province,reopened on January 8,2023.On January 14,traffic between Ruili and Muse in Myanmar resumed ...After closing for 1,012 days due to the COVID-19 pandemic,the Jiegao border gate in Ruili City,south China’s Yunnan Province,reopened on January 8,2023.On January 14,traffic between Ruili and Muse in Myanmar resumed at the Ruili-Kyalgaung border crossing and the Sino-Myanmar Friendship Street crossing.Still,the Border Gate crossing remains closed.展开更多
Based on a questionnaire survey and on-site research on the overview of the border tea industry,the importance of the development of border tea for ethnic unity work is analyzed,and improvement suggestions and impleme...Based on a questionnaire survey and on-site research on the overview of the border tea industry,the importance of the development of border tea for ethnic unity work is analyzed,and improvement suggestions and implementation strategies are proposed.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,GrantNumbers(62272007,62001007)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,GrantNumbers(4234083,4212018)The authors also acknowledge the support from King Khalid University for funding this research through the Large Group Project under Grant Number RGP.2/373/45.
文摘Border Gateway Protocol(BGP)is a standard inter-domain routing protocol for the Internet that conveys network layer reachability information and establishes routes to different destinations.The BGP protocol exhibits security design defects,such as an unconditional trust mechanism and the default acceptance of BGP route announcements from peers by BGP neighboring nodes,easily triggering prefix hijacking,path forgery,route leakage,and other BGP security threats.Meanwhile,the traditional BGP security mechanism,relying on a public key infrastructure,faces issues like a single point of failure and a single point of trust.The decentralization,anti-tampering,and traceability advantages of blockchain offer new solution ideas for constructing secure and trusted inter-domain routing mechanisms.In this paper,we summarize the characteristics of BGP protocol in detail,sort out the BGP security threats and their causes.Additionally,we analyze the shortcomings of the traditional BGP security mechanism and comprehensively evaluate existing blockchain-based solutions to address the above problems and validate the reliability and effectiveness of blockchain-based BGP security methods in mitigating BGP security threats.Finally,we discuss the challenges posed by BGP security problems and outline prospects for future research.
文摘“Strength”and“vitality”are the comments that people in the industry have used to describe China’s cross-border e-commerce in 2023,which has been proven by the latest statistics.According to the General Administration of Customs,in 2023,the total volume of imports and exports was RMB 2.38 trillion,up by 15.6%.The volume of exports was RMB 1.83 billion,up by 19.6%,and the volume of imports was RMB 548.3 billion,up by 3.9%.
文摘The border gateway protocol (BGP) is the default inter domain routing protocol used on the internet for exchanging information between autonomous systems. Available literature suggests that BGP is vulnerable to session hijacking attacks. There are a number of proposals aimed at improving BGP security which have not been fully implemented. This paper examines a number of approaches for securing BGP through a comparative study and identifies the reasons why these proposals have not been implemented commercially. This paper analyses the architecture of internet routing and the design of BGP while focusing on the problem of BGP session hijacking attacks. Using Graphical Network Simulator 3 (GNS-3), a session hijack is demonstrated and a solution which involves the implementation of route filtering, policy-maps and route-maps on CISCO routers representing ASes is carried out. In the end, a workable industry standard framework for securing and protecting BGP sessions and border routers from exploitation with little or no modification to the existing routing infrastructure is demonstrated.
基金supported by the Major International(Regional)Joint Research Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(32061143038)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-01-20)+1 种基金the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(the 863 Project,2014AA10A605)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(2662020ZKPY015).
文摘The border effect(BE)is widely observed in crop field experiments,and it has been extensively studied in many crops.However,only limited attention has been paid to the BE of ratoon rice.We conducted field experiments on ratoon rice in Qichun County,Hubei Province,Central China in 2018 and 2019 to compare the BE in the main and ratoon crops,and to quantify the contribution of BE in the main crop to that in the ratoon crop.The BE of two hybrid varieties was measured for the outermost,second outermost,and third outermost rows in each plot of both crops.To determine the contribution of BE between the two crops,portions of hills in the outermost and second outermost rows were uprooted during the harvest of the main crop so that the second and third outermost rows then became the outermost rows in the ratoon crop.Overall,the BE on grain yield was greater in the main crop than in the ratoon crop.In the main crop,the BE on grain yield was 98.3%in the outermost row,which was explained by the BE on panicles m^(–2),spikelets/panicle,spikelets m^(–2),and total dry weight.In the ratoon crop,the BE on grain yield was reduced to 60.9 and 27.6%with and without the contribution of the BE in the main crop,respectively.Consequently,55.1%of the BE on grain yield in the ratoon crop was contributed from the main crop.High stubble dry weight and non-structural carbohydrate(NSC)accumulation at the harvest of the main crop were responsible for the contribution of BE in the main crop to that in the ratoon crop.Our results suggest that increases in stubble dry weight and NSC accumulation at the harvest of the main crop could be important strategies for developing high-yielding cropping practices in the rice ratooning system.
文摘The foreign trade industry in China had a good start in general this year,thanks to the rapid growth in cross-border e-commerce.The 2022 China Cross Border E-Commerce Market Data Report was released at the cross-border e-commerce roundtable meeting held on March 30th this year,indicating that cross-border e-commerce made a contribution of 37.32%to China’s total import and export trade value in goods(RMB 42.07 trillion)in 2022.
文摘As major country competition is becoming ever more intense,data has become a key strategic resource,making rules of cross-border data flow going beyond the business scope in a traditional sense and becoming a strategic issue concerning national development and security.Relevant parties compete against each other in three major areas of the collection of cross-border law enforcement data,cross-border flow of corporate data.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (71971075,71871079)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2019YFE0110300)+1 种基金the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation (1808085MG213)the Fundamental R esearch Funds for the Central Universities (PA2019GDPK0082)。
文摘To strengthen border patrol measures, unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs) are gradually used in many countries to detect illegal entries on borders. However, how to efficiently deploy limited UAVs to patrol on borders of large areas remains challenging. In this paper, we first model the problem of deploying UAVs for border patrol as a Stackelberg game. Two players are considered in this game: The border patrol agency is the leader,who optimizes the patrol path of UAVs to detect the illegal immigrant. The illegal immigrant is the follower, who selects a certain area of the border to pass through at a certain time after observing the leader’s strategy. Second, a compact linear programming problem is proposed to tackle the exponential growth of the number of leader’s strategies. Third, a method is proposed to reduce the size of the strategy space of the follower. Then, we provide some theoretic results to present the effect of parameters of the model on leader’s utilities. Experimental results demonstrate the positive effect of limited starting and ending areas of UAV’s patrolling conditions and multiple patrolling altitudes on the leader ’s utility, and show that the proposed solution outperforms two conventional patrol strategies and has strong robustness.
文摘The rapid development of the digital economy and profound changes in currency functions have driven the emergence of a large number of digital currencies.In order to improve the competitiveness and efficiency of payment systems,governments all over the world have accelerated the research and development of central bank digital currency(CBDC).After years of preparation and research and development,Digital renminbi has also entered the pilot application stage.Given the many shortcomings of the current cross-border payment system,CBDC cross-border payment has become an important development direction.At present,some central banks are collaborating on CBDC cross-border payment research and initiating experimental plans to explore CBDC cross-border payment arrangements.With the expansion of the acceptance range of Digital renminbi and the improvement of the international use level of CNY,oil and gas enterprises will have broad prospects in the cross-border payment field in the future.This paper suggests that oil and gas enterprises,in accordance with the principle of"from easy to difficult,step by step",give priority to the introduction of Digital renminbi from regions and fields where RMB or local currency settlement has been achieved,and combine Digital renminbi with imported oil and gas to explore the use of Digital renminbi in cross-border payment.
文摘After closing for 1,012 days due to the COVID-19 pandemic,the Jiegao border gate in Ruili City,south China’s Yunnan Province,reopened on January 8,2023.On January 14,traffic between Ruili and Muse in Myanmar resumed at the Ruili-Kyalgaung border crossing and the Sino-Myanmar Friendship Street crossing.Still,the Border Gate crossing remains closed.
基金Supported by 2023 Open Research Project of Xianning Research Institute,Hubei University of Science and Technology(XNYJY2023002)2021 Open Project of South Hubei Cultural Research Center,Hubei Provincial Key Research Base for Humanities and Social Sciences(2022XZE03).
文摘Based on a questionnaire survey and on-site research on the overview of the border tea industry,the importance of the development of border tea for ethnic unity work is analyzed,and improvement suggestions and implementation strategies are proposed.
