Cholestasis is a clinical condition resulting from the imapairment of bile flow.This condition could be caused by defects of the hepatocytes,which are responsible for the complex process of bile formation and secretio...Cholestasis is a clinical condition resulting from the imapairment of bile flow.This condition could be caused by defects of the hepatocytes,which are responsible for the complex process of bile formation and secretion,and/or caused by defects in the secretory machinery of cholangiocytes.Several mutations and pathways that lead to cholestasis have been described.Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis(PFIC)is a group of rare diseases caused by autosomal recessive mutations in the genes that encode proteins expressed mainly in the apical membrane of the hepatocytes.PFIC 1,also known as Byler’s disease,is caused by mutations of the ATP8B1 gene,which encodes the familial intrahepatic cholestasis 1 protein.PFIC 2 is characterized by the downregulation or absence of functional bile salt export pump(BSEP)expression via variations in the ABCB11 gene.Mutations of the ABCB4 gene result in lower expression of the multidrug resistance class 3 glycoprotein,leading to the third type of PFIC.Newer variations of this disease have been described.Loss of function of the tight junction protein 2 protein results in PFIC 4,while mutations of the NR1H4 gene,which encodes farnesoid X receptor,an important transcription factor for bile formation,cause PFIC 5.A recently described type of PFIC is associated with a mutation in the MYO5B gene,important for the trafficking of BSEP and hepatocyte membrane polarization.In this review,we provide a brief overview of the molecular mechanisms and clinical features associated with each type of PFIC based on peer reviewed journals published between 1993 and 2020.展开更多
目的揭示POU结构域第4类转录因子3(POU4F3)在肺腺癌组织的表达及其与肺腺癌患者预后的关系,并探索POU4F3对肺腺癌细胞迁移的作用。方法免疫组织化学染色检测人肺腺癌及其癌旁组织(样本量均为118)中POU4F3的表达水平。利用Log-rank(Mante...目的揭示POU结构域第4类转录因子3(POU4F3)在肺腺癌组织的表达及其与肺腺癌患者预后的关系,并探索POU4F3对肺腺癌细胞迁移的作用。方法免疫组织化学染色检测人肺腺癌及其癌旁组织(样本量均为118)中POU4F3的表达水平。利用Log-rank(Mantel-Cox)检验POU4F3表达水平与总生存期的关联性。以肺腺癌株为实验对象,构建稳定过表达(Lv-POU4F3)及其对照(Lv-control)或敲低POU4F3(shPOU4F3)及其对照(control shRNA)的慢病毒载体并分别转染至SPCA1和A549细胞系,Western blotting验证POU4F3过表达或敲低转染效率。运用划痕实验、Transwell迁移实验和鬼笔环肽荧光实验检测细胞迁移能力。结果免疫组化分析显示,118例肺腺癌组织中POU4F3的表达评分低于118例癌旁组织评分(1.5 vs 4.0),差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。与POU4F3低表达肺腺癌患者相比,POU4F3高表达患者的总生存期延长(HR=2.04,95%CI:1.158~3.607,P=0.028)。细胞实验结果显示,有效构建了过表达或敲低POU4F3的稳定转染肺腺癌细胞株。过表达POU4F3后,划痕实验表明,Lv-POU4F3组细胞划痕愈合率低于Lv-control组,差异有统计学意义(F_(SPCA1处理)=69.86,P_(SPCA1)=0.001;F_(A549处理)=492.10,P_(A549)<0.001);Transwell迁移实验表明,SPCA1-Lv-POU4F3组穿膜细胞数少于SPCA1-Lv-control组(599.0±11.36 vs 806.3±18.72,t=16.40,P<0.001),A549-Lv-POU4F3组穿膜细胞数少于A549-Lv-control组(181.0±18.68 vs 314.7±23.46,t=7.72,P=0.002);鬼笔环肽荧光实验表明,过表达POU4F3后,SPCA1细胞微丝变细、伪足较少,Lv-POU4F3组的平均荧光强度低于Lv-control组(23.30±1.34 vs 33.45±1.85),差异有统计学意义(t=7.67,P=0.002)。敲低POU4F3后,划痕实验表明,shPOU4F3组细胞划痕愈合率高于control shRNA组,差异有统计学意义(F_(SPCA1处理)=114.60,P_(SPCA1)<0.001;F_(A549处理)=1 710.00,P_(A549)<0.001)。Transwell迁移实验表明,SPCA1-shPOU4F3组穿膜细胞数多于SPCA1-control shRNA组(970.00±14.53 vs 585.00±25.53,t=22.70,P<0.001),A549-shPOU4F3组穿膜细胞数多于A549-control shRNA组(528.00±29.14 vs 185.30±9.50,t=19.37,P<0.001);鬼笔环肽荧光实验表明,敲低POU4F3后,SPCA1细胞微丝变粗、伪足增多,shPOU4F3组的平均荧光强度高于control shRNA组(48.53±3.30 vs 31.07±2.32),差异有统计学意义(t=7.50,P=0.002)。结论 POU4F3在人肺腺癌患者癌组织中表达低于癌旁组织,POU4F3高表达者预后较佳,且POU4F3能够抑制肺腺癌细胞迁移。POU4F3可能是LUAD的抑癌基因并有望成为诊断和治疗LUAD的新靶标。展开更多
ATP结合盒转运体A1(ATP-binding cassette transporter A1,ABCA1)和清道夫受体B型I(scavenger receptor class B type I,SR-BI/CLA-1)是胆固醇逆转运过程中的重要蛋白。ABCA1和SR-BI/CLA-1的高表达能降低动脉粥样硬化的危险性。因此,本...ATP结合盒转运体A1(ATP-binding cassette transporter A1,ABCA1)和清道夫受体B型I(scavenger receptor class B type I,SR-BI/CLA-1)是胆固醇逆转运过程中的重要蛋白。ABCA1和SR-BI/CLA-1的高表达能降低动脉粥样硬化的危险性。因此,本研究利用前期已建立的人ABCA1和CLA-1表达上调剂筛选模型,对20 000个化合物进行筛选,获得能上调ABCA1和CLA-1表达的化合物E0869[4-甲磺酰甲基苯甲酸-1-(3,4-二甲基苯基)-1-丙酮-2-酯],其上调活性分别为160%和175%,EC50值分别为3.79和1.42μmol·L-1;进一步研究发现,活性化合物E0869能上调肝细胞Hep G2以及巨噬细胞RAW264.7中ABCA1、SR-BI/CLA-1以及ABCG1的m RNA和蛋白水平,但不影响FAS、SREBP-1c、CD36的表达;E0869能使泡沫化巨噬细胞RAW264.7胞内脂滴量明显减少,并能增加其胆固醇的流出。因此,化合物E0869能够上调ABCA1和CLA-1活性,并且具有较好的体外抗动脉粥样硬化效果。展开更多
基金Supported by NIH,No.UG3TR003289 to Soto-Gutierrez A.
文摘Cholestasis is a clinical condition resulting from the imapairment of bile flow.This condition could be caused by defects of the hepatocytes,which are responsible for the complex process of bile formation and secretion,and/or caused by defects in the secretory machinery of cholangiocytes.Several mutations and pathways that lead to cholestasis have been described.Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis(PFIC)is a group of rare diseases caused by autosomal recessive mutations in the genes that encode proteins expressed mainly in the apical membrane of the hepatocytes.PFIC 1,also known as Byler’s disease,is caused by mutations of the ATP8B1 gene,which encodes the familial intrahepatic cholestasis 1 protein.PFIC 2 is characterized by the downregulation or absence of functional bile salt export pump(BSEP)expression via variations in the ABCB11 gene.Mutations of the ABCB4 gene result in lower expression of the multidrug resistance class 3 glycoprotein,leading to the third type of PFIC.Newer variations of this disease have been described.Loss of function of the tight junction protein 2 protein results in PFIC 4,while mutations of the NR1H4 gene,which encodes farnesoid X receptor,an important transcription factor for bile formation,cause PFIC 5.A recently described type of PFIC is associated with a mutation in the MYO5B gene,important for the trafficking of BSEP and hepatocyte membrane polarization.In this review,we provide a brief overview of the molecular mechanisms and clinical features associated with each type of PFIC based on peer reviewed journals published between 1993 and 2020.
文摘目的揭示POU结构域第4类转录因子3(POU4F3)在肺腺癌组织的表达及其与肺腺癌患者预后的关系,并探索POU4F3对肺腺癌细胞迁移的作用。方法免疫组织化学染色检测人肺腺癌及其癌旁组织(样本量均为118)中POU4F3的表达水平。利用Log-rank(Mantel-Cox)检验POU4F3表达水平与总生存期的关联性。以肺腺癌株为实验对象,构建稳定过表达(Lv-POU4F3)及其对照(Lv-control)或敲低POU4F3(shPOU4F3)及其对照(control shRNA)的慢病毒载体并分别转染至SPCA1和A549细胞系,Western blotting验证POU4F3过表达或敲低转染效率。运用划痕实验、Transwell迁移实验和鬼笔环肽荧光实验检测细胞迁移能力。结果免疫组化分析显示,118例肺腺癌组织中POU4F3的表达评分低于118例癌旁组织评分(1.5 vs 4.0),差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。与POU4F3低表达肺腺癌患者相比,POU4F3高表达患者的总生存期延长(HR=2.04,95%CI:1.158~3.607,P=0.028)。细胞实验结果显示,有效构建了过表达或敲低POU4F3的稳定转染肺腺癌细胞株。过表达POU4F3后,划痕实验表明,Lv-POU4F3组细胞划痕愈合率低于Lv-control组,差异有统计学意义(F_(SPCA1处理)=69.86,P_(SPCA1)=0.001;F_(A549处理)=492.10,P_(A549)<0.001);Transwell迁移实验表明,SPCA1-Lv-POU4F3组穿膜细胞数少于SPCA1-Lv-control组(599.0±11.36 vs 806.3±18.72,t=16.40,P<0.001),A549-Lv-POU4F3组穿膜细胞数少于A549-Lv-control组(181.0±18.68 vs 314.7±23.46,t=7.72,P=0.002);鬼笔环肽荧光实验表明,过表达POU4F3后,SPCA1细胞微丝变细、伪足较少,Lv-POU4F3组的平均荧光强度低于Lv-control组(23.30±1.34 vs 33.45±1.85),差异有统计学意义(t=7.67,P=0.002)。敲低POU4F3后,划痕实验表明,shPOU4F3组细胞划痕愈合率高于control shRNA组,差异有统计学意义(F_(SPCA1处理)=114.60,P_(SPCA1)<0.001;F_(A549处理)=1 710.00,P_(A549)<0.001)。Transwell迁移实验表明,SPCA1-shPOU4F3组穿膜细胞数多于SPCA1-control shRNA组(970.00±14.53 vs 585.00±25.53,t=22.70,P<0.001),A549-shPOU4F3组穿膜细胞数多于A549-control shRNA组(528.00±29.14 vs 185.30±9.50,t=19.37,P<0.001);鬼笔环肽荧光实验表明,敲低POU4F3后,SPCA1细胞微丝变粗、伪足增多,shPOU4F3组的平均荧光强度高于control shRNA组(48.53±3.30 vs 31.07±2.32),差异有统计学意义(t=7.50,P=0.002)。结论 POU4F3在人肺腺癌患者癌组织中表达低于癌旁组织,POU4F3高表达者预后较佳,且POU4F3能够抑制肺腺癌细胞迁移。POU4F3可能是LUAD的抑癌基因并有望成为诊断和治疗LUAD的新靶标。
文摘ATP结合盒转运体A1(ATP-binding cassette transporter A1,ABCA1)和清道夫受体B型I(scavenger receptor class B type I,SR-BI/CLA-1)是胆固醇逆转运过程中的重要蛋白。ABCA1和SR-BI/CLA-1的高表达能降低动脉粥样硬化的危险性。因此,本研究利用前期已建立的人ABCA1和CLA-1表达上调剂筛选模型,对20 000个化合物进行筛选,获得能上调ABCA1和CLA-1表达的化合物E0869[4-甲磺酰甲基苯甲酸-1-(3,4-二甲基苯基)-1-丙酮-2-酯],其上调活性分别为160%和175%,EC50值分别为3.79和1.42μmol·L-1;进一步研究发现,活性化合物E0869能上调肝细胞Hep G2以及巨噬细胞RAW264.7中ABCA1、SR-BI/CLA-1以及ABCG1的m RNA和蛋白水平,但不影响FAS、SREBP-1c、CD36的表达;E0869能使泡沫化巨噬细胞RAW264.7胞内脂滴量明显减少,并能增加其胆固醇的流出。因此,化合物E0869能够上调ABCA1和CLA-1活性,并且具有较好的体外抗动脉粥样硬化效果。
