Present-day power conversion and conditioning systems focus on transferring energy from a single type of power source into a single type of load or energy storage system (ESS). While these systems can be optimized wit...Present-day power conversion and conditioning systems focus on transferring energy from a single type of power source into a single type of load or energy storage system (ESS). While these systems can be optimized within their specific topology (e.g. MPPT for solar applications and BMS for batteries), the topologies are not easily adapted to accept a wide range of power flow operating conditions. With a hybrid approach to energy storage and power flow, a system can be designed to operate at its most advantageous point, given the operating conditions. Based on the load demand, the system can select the optimal power source and ESS. This paper will investigate the feasibility of combining two types of power sources (main utility grid and photovoltaics (PV)) along with two types of ESS (ultra-capacitors and batteries). The simulation results will show the impact of a hybrid ESS on a grid-tied residential microgrid system performance under various operating scenarios.展开更多
This paper presents a method for optimal sizing of an off-grid hybrid microgrid (MG) system in order to achieve a certain load demand. The hybrid MG is made of a solar photovoltaic (PV) system, wind turbine (TW) and e...This paper presents a method for optimal sizing of an off-grid hybrid microgrid (MG) system in order to achieve a certain load demand. The hybrid MG is made of a solar photovoltaic (PV) system, wind turbine (TW) and energy storage system (ESS). The reliability of the MG system is modeled based on the loss of power supply probability (SPSP). For optimization, an enhanced Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used to minimize the total cost of the system over a 20-year period, while satisfying some reliability and operation constraints. A case study addressing optimal sizing of an off-grid hybrid microgrid in Nigeria is discussed. The result is compared with results obtained from the Brute Force and standard GA methods.展开更多
Solar generators are known worldwide as a means of generating clean electricity. However, the existence of battery banks causes alarm in the community by the existence of materials that degrade the environment by disc...Solar generators are known worldwide as a means of generating clean electricity. However, the existence of battery banks causes alarm in the community by the existence of materials that degrade the environment by discarding them outside the norm. With the publication of Regulatory Standards 482/12 and 687/15, solar generators can be connected to the distribution grid, which serves as a means of accumulating the generated energy. The new changes were seen as an economic possibility, but there are more benefits. This has proved very important to make solar generation greener because it no longer needs large battery banks. This has also been shown to significantly lower the final value of the solar generator, bringing economic benefits. This paper aims to analyze the economic and environmental benefits of battery bank distribution in solar generation.展开更多
The main hindrances to the large-scale development of renewable-energy projects are the lack of bankability and the inability to align investments and investors with suitable financial instruments or robust policy mea...The main hindrances to the large-scale development of renewable-energy projects are the lack of bankability and the inability to align investments and investors with suitable financial instruments or robust policy measures.To illustrate a bankable project,this paper presents a research-based case study on the installation of solar photovoltaic panels on the rooftops of 195 trains of the Indian Railways.Detailed information on the annual running hours,exposure to sunlight,efficiency of solar photovoltaic generation and electrical power demands of each rail coach is considered to conduct a quantitative measure of the tentative amount of fossil fuel sav-ings.The purpose is to provide insight into the types of renewable-energy projects that can be highly attractive to financial institutions and promoters due to their lucrative internal return on investment.As seen in this case study,there are annual savings in diesel of 12323088 litres and a CO_(2) reduction of 32755 tonnes,with return on investment of 1.3 years.Furthermore,this study conducts a com-prehensive analysis of the limitations of existing renewable-energy project financing mechanisms in India.Subsequently,three policy measures are recommended to develop a robust financial mechanism that can effectively meet the needs of investors and investors.These measures include increasing equity injection through a buy-and-hold strategy,providing direct tax benefits to promoters and financing through real-estate investment trusts.The findings are highly relevant to address the challenges associated with bridging the financial gap between access to finance and capital investment in the renewable-energy sector,especially for Asian countries.展开更多
文摘Present-day power conversion and conditioning systems focus on transferring energy from a single type of power source into a single type of load or energy storage system (ESS). While these systems can be optimized within their specific topology (e.g. MPPT for solar applications and BMS for batteries), the topologies are not easily adapted to accept a wide range of power flow operating conditions. With a hybrid approach to energy storage and power flow, a system can be designed to operate at its most advantageous point, given the operating conditions. Based on the load demand, the system can select the optimal power source and ESS. This paper will investigate the feasibility of combining two types of power sources (main utility grid and photovoltaics (PV)) along with two types of ESS (ultra-capacitors and batteries). The simulation results will show the impact of a hybrid ESS on a grid-tied residential microgrid system performance under various operating scenarios.
文摘This paper presents a method for optimal sizing of an off-grid hybrid microgrid (MG) system in order to achieve a certain load demand. The hybrid MG is made of a solar photovoltaic (PV) system, wind turbine (TW) and energy storage system (ESS). The reliability of the MG system is modeled based on the loss of power supply probability (SPSP). For optimization, an enhanced Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used to minimize the total cost of the system over a 20-year period, while satisfying some reliability and operation constraints. A case study addressing optimal sizing of an off-grid hybrid microgrid in Nigeria is discussed. The result is compared with results obtained from the Brute Force and standard GA methods.
文摘Solar generators are known worldwide as a means of generating clean electricity. However, the existence of battery banks causes alarm in the community by the existence of materials that degrade the environment by discarding them outside the norm. With the publication of Regulatory Standards 482/12 and 687/15, solar generators can be connected to the distribution grid, which serves as a means of accumulating the generated energy. The new changes were seen as an economic possibility, but there are more benefits. This has proved very important to make solar generation greener because it no longer needs large battery banks. This has also been shown to significantly lower the final value of the solar generator, bringing economic benefits. This paper aims to analyze the economic and environmental benefits of battery bank distribution in solar generation.
文摘The main hindrances to the large-scale development of renewable-energy projects are the lack of bankability and the inability to align investments and investors with suitable financial instruments or robust policy measures.To illustrate a bankable project,this paper presents a research-based case study on the installation of solar photovoltaic panels on the rooftops of 195 trains of the Indian Railways.Detailed information on the annual running hours,exposure to sunlight,efficiency of solar photovoltaic generation and electrical power demands of each rail coach is considered to conduct a quantitative measure of the tentative amount of fossil fuel sav-ings.The purpose is to provide insight into the types of renewable-energy projects that can be highly attractive to financial institutions and promoters due to their lucrative internal return on investment.As seen in this case study,there are annual savings in diesel of 12323088 litres and a CO_(2) reduction of 32755 tonnes,with return on investment of 1.3 years.Furthermore,this study conducts a com-prehensive analysis of the limitations of existing renewable-energy project financing mechanisms in India.Subsequently,three policy measures are recommended to develop a robust financial mechanism that can effectively meet the needs of investors and investors.These measures include increasing equity injection through a buy-and-hold strategy,providing direct tax benefits to promoters and financing through real-estate investment trusts.The findings are highly relevant to address the challenges associated with bridging the financial gap between access to finance and capital investment in the renewable-energy sector,especially for Asian countries.
