Due to the acceleration of urbanization,the municipal waste(MW)problem has transformed into a global challenge for urb-an sustainability.To elucidate historical trends,current focal points,and future directions in MW ...Due to the acceleration of urbanization,the municipal waste(MW)problem has transformed into a global challenge for urb-an sustainability.To elucidate historical trends,current focal points,and future directions in MW research,we conducted a bibliometric analysis and employed knowledge graph visualization to scrutinize a total of 34212 articles,which were published between 1991 and 2021 in the Web of Science(WoS)core database.The results indicated that current major research themes encompass waste classifica-tion and recycling,waste management and public behavior,waste disposal methods and technologies,as well as environmental impact and evaluation.There has been a shift in the research focus from the environmental impacts of waste incineration to sustainable manage-ment related issues.A comparison of research from six typical countries revealed the differences in research priorities and techniques advantages.Scholars from the USA and Britain initiated MW research earlier than other countries and investigated management issues in depth,such as public behavior and willingness to pay.Meanwhile,Japanese,German,and Swedish scholars conducted extensive studies on advanced waste treatment technologies,such as disposal and recycling,risk assessment,and waste-to-energy techniques.Chinese scholars placed particular emphasis on end-of-pipe treatments and their associated environmental impacts.Hotspots and poten-tial future frontiers were identified by burst detection analysis.Keywords with high value of burst index(BI)worldwide are food waste and circular economy.Chinese scholars have put great efforts on waste environmental impact and its recycling technologies,while we’re expecting to further investigating vulnerable population.Furthermore,this study contributes to bridging the regional gap of scientific research among different countries and fostering international collaboration.展开更多
One of the biggest factors to deteriorate the satellite product quality is cloud coverage. Therefore, cloud masking process is important to improve the quality of various satellite products. However, satellite-based c...One of the biggest factors to deteriorate the satellite product quality is cloud coverage. Therefore, cloud masking process is important to improve the quality of various satellite products. However, satellite-based cloud discrimination algorithm has been developing and efficient ground-based cloud observations are necessary to validate satellite-based cloud discrimination. The purpose of this study is to develop the efficient ground-based cloud observation methodology using whole sky camera. This paper deals with methods how to discriminate cloud portions on whole sky image, how to apply the ground-based cloud observation to the validations for satellite products. For the cloud discrimination on whole sky image, we propose SI （sky index） and BI （brightness index） calculated from RGB （red, green and blue） channels. SI shows the extent of the blueness and gray scale and BI indicates the extent of the brightness. Sun, cloud and blue sky portions are divided by SI and BI threshold. As an application of ground-based cloud observation for the validation of satellite products, clouds portions discriminated from whole sky image are projected onto ground surface with map coordinate. We also examine to compare with cloud portions on whole sky images and MODIS （MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer） image as one of experiments. The proposed ground-based cloud observation method and its extension to satellite-based cloud discrimination should be connected to improve the quality of satellite products.展开更多
The selective approach of anesthesia has a crucial role in the surgical treatment of thyroid diseases.Anesthesia during the insertion of a laryngeal mask airway is an alternative instead of endotracheal tube,hence thi...The selective approach of anesthesia has a crucial role in the surgical treatment of thyroid diseases.Anesthesia during the insertion of a laryngeal mask airway is an alternative instead of endotracheal tube,hence this is a novel period in anesthesiology.展开更多
Objective： To explore the effect of hepatic function on loss of consciousness （LOC） and bispectral index （BIS） during sedation with midazolam （MDZ）. Methods： Forty-five patients were assigned to three groups a...Objective： To explore the effect of hepatic function on loss of consciousness （LOC） and bispectral index （BIS） during sedation with midazolam （MDZ）. Methods： Forty-five patients were assigned to three groups according to their liver function. Thirty of these patients with diagnoses of cholelithiasis were scheduled laparoscopic cholecys- tectomy, including 15 patients with normal liver function （normal group）, and 15 patients with moderately abnormal liver function based on the results of ultrasonic diagnosis of a moderately fatty liver and elevated alanine transaminase levels of less than three times normal （moderate group）. The other 15 patients with end-stage liver disease （severe group） underwent liver transplantation. Each patient was administered MDZ by way of target-controlled infusion to increase the concentration gradually. At the time of LOC, the BIS was recorded and a blood sample was withdrawn for measurement of the concentration of MDZ. The concentration of MDZ （EC50） and the BIS value （BIS50） at which 50% of patients lose consciousness were calculated using logistic regression. Results： At the time of LOC, the EC50 of MDZ and the BIS50 were similar in the normal and moderate groups （P〉0.05）. LOC occurred at a lower EC50 of MDZ and at a higher BIS50 in the severe group, compared with the normal and moderate groups （P〈0.01）. Conclusions： Patients with end-stage liver disease were more sensitive to MDZ and this affected the prediction of their time of LOC following MDZ administration. There were no changes in response in patients with moderately abnormal hepatic function.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of the General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42271112)General Research Project of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education Science(No.KM202011417008)。
文摘Due to the acceleration of urbanization,the municipal waste(MW)problem has transformed into a global challenge for urb-an sustainability.To elucidate historical trends,current focal points,and future directions in MW research,we conducted a bibliometric analysis and employed knowledge graph visualization to scrutinize a total of 34212 articles,which were published between 1991 and 2021 in the Web of Science(WoS)core database.The results indicated that current major research themes encompass waste classifica-tion and recycling,waste management and public behavior,waste disposal methods and technologies,as well as environmental impact and evaluation.There has been a shift in the research focus from the environmental impacts of waste incineration to sustainable manage-ment related issues.A comparison of research from six typical countries revealed the differences in research priorities and techniques advantages.Scholars from the USA and Britain initiated MW research earlier than other countries and investigated management issues in depth,such as public behavior and willingness to pay.Meanwhile,Japanese,German,and Swedish scholars conducted extensive studies on advanced waste treatment technologies,such as disposal and recycling,risk assessment,and waste-to-energy techniques.Chinese scholars placed particular emphasis on end-of-pipe treatments and their associated environmental impacts.Hotspots and poten-tial future frontiers were identified by burst detection analysis.Keywords with high value of burst index(BI)worldwide are food waste and circular economy.Chinese scholars have put great efforts on waste environmental impact and its recycling technologies,while we’re expecting to further investigating vulnerable population.Furthermore,this study contributes to bridging the regional gap of scientific research among different countries and fostering international collaboration.
文摘One of the biggest factors to deteriorate the satellite product quality is cloud coverage. Therefore, cloud masking process is important to improve the quality of various satellite products. However, satellite-based cloud discrimination algorithm has been developing and efficient ground-based cloud observations are necessary to validate satellite-based cloud discrimination. The purpose of this study is to develop the efficient ground-based cloud observation methodology using whole sky camera. This paper deals with methods how to discriminate cloud portions on whole sky image, how to apply the ground-based cloud observation to the validations for satellite products. For the cloud discrimination on whole sky image, we propose SI （sky index） and BI （brightness index） calculated from RGB （red, green and blue） channels. SI shows the extent of the blueness and gray scale and BI indicates the extent of the brightness. Sun, cloud and blue sky portions are divided by SI and BI threshold. As an application of ground-based cloud observation for the validation of satellite products, clouds portions discriminated from whole sky image are projected onto ground surface with map coordinate. We also examine to compare with cloud portions on whole sky images and MODIS （MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer） image as one of experiments. The proposed ground-based cloud observation method and its extension to satellite-based cloud discrimination should be connected to improve the quality of satellite products.
文摘The selective approach of anesthesia has a crucial role in the surgical treatment of thyroid diseases.Anesthesia during the insertion of a laryngeal mask airway is an alternative instead of endotracheal tube,hence this is a novel period in anesthesiology.
基金supported by the Qianjiang Talents Project of the Technology Office in Zhejiang Province(No.2012R10033)the Clinical Scientific Research Funds of Zhejiang Provincial Medical Association(No.2012ZYC-A72),China
文摘Objective： To explore the effect of hepatic function on loss of consciousness （LOC） and bispectral index （BIS） during sedation with midazolam （MDZ）. Methods： Forty-five patients were assigned to three groups according to their liver function. Thirty of these patients with diagnoses of cholelithiasis were scheduled laparoscopic cholecys- tectomy, including 15 patients with normal liver function （normal group）, and 15 patients with moderately abnormal liver function based on the results of ultrasonic diagnosis of a moderately fatty liver and elevated alanine transaminase levels of less than three times normal （moderate group）. The other 15 patients with end-stage liver disease （severe group） underwent liver transplantation. Each patient was administered MDZ by way of target-controlled infusion to increase the concentration gradually. At the time of LOC, the BIS was recorded and a blood sample was withdrawn for measurement of the concentration of MDZ. The concentration of MDZ （EC50） and the BIS value （BIS50） at which 50% of patients lose consciousness were calculated using logistic regression. Results： At the time of LOC, the EC50 of MDZ and the BIS50 were similar in the normal and moderate groups （P〉0.05）. LOC occurred at a lower EC50 of MDZ and at a higher BIS50 in the severe group, compared with the normal and moderate groups （P〈0.01）. Conclusions： Patients with end-stage liver disease were more sensitive to MDZ and this affected the prediction of their time of LOC following MDZ administration. There were no changes in response in patients with moderately abnormal hepatic function.
