Silent information regulator sirtuin 1 ameliorates acute liver failure via the p53/glutathione peroxidase 4/gasdermin D axis

BACKGROUND Acute liver failure(ALF)has a high mortality with widespread hepatocyte death involving ferroptosis and pyroptosis.The silent information regulator sirtuin 1(SIRT1)-mediated deacetylation affects multiple biological processes,including cellular senescence,apoptosis,sugar and lipid metabolism,oxidative stress,and inflammation.AIM To investigate the association between ferroptosis and pyroptosis and the upstream regulatory mechanisms.METHODS This study included 30 patients with ALF and 30 healthy individuals who underwent serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)testing.C57BL/6 mice were also intraperitoneally pretreated with SIRT1,p53,or glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)inducers and inhibitors and injected with lipopolysaccharide(LPS)/D-galactosamine(D-GalN)to induce ALF.Gasdermin D(GSDMD)^(-/-)mice were used as an experimental group.Histological changes in liver tissue were monitored by hematoxylin and eosin staining.ALT,AST,glutathione,reactive oxygen species,and iron levels were measured using commercial kits.Ferroptosis-and pyroptosis-related protein and mRNA expression was detected by western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.SIRT1,p53,and GSDMD were assessed by immunofluorescence analysis.RESULTS Serum AST and ALT levels were elevated in patients with ALF.SIRT1,solute carrier family 7a member 11(SLC7A11),and GPX4 protein expression was decreased and acetylated p5,p53,GSDMD,and acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4(ACSL4)protein levels were elevated in human ALF liver tissue.In the p53 and ferroptosis inhibitor-treated and GSDMD^(-/-)groups,serum interleukin(IL)-1β,tumour necrosis factor alpha,IL-6,IL-2 and C-C motif ligand 2 levels were decreased and hepatic impairment was mitigated.In mice with GSDMD knockout,p53 was reduced,GPX4 was increased,and ferroptotic events(depletion of SLC7A11,elevation of ACSL4,and iron accumulation)were detected.In vitro,knockdown of p53 and overexpression of GPX4 reduced AST and ALT levels,the cytostatic rate,and GSDMD expression,restoring SLC7A11 depletion.Moreover,SIRT1 agonist and overexpression of SIRT1 alleviated acute liver injury and decreased iron deposition compared with results in the model group,accompanied by reduced p53,GSDMD,and ACSL4,and increased SLC7A11 and GPX4.Inactivation of SIRT1 exacerbated ferroptotic and pyroptotic cell death and aggravated liver injury in LPS/D-GalNinduced in vitro and in vivo models.CONCLUSION SIRT1 activation attenuates LPS/D-GalN-induced ferroptosis and pyroptosis by inhibiting the p53/GPX4/GSDMD signaling pathway in ALF.

Dissecting conserved cis-regulatory modules of Glu-1 promoters which confer the highly active endosperm-specific expression via stable wheat transformation

Wheat high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits(HMW-GS) determine dough elasticity and play an essential role in processing quality. HMW-GS are encoded by Glu-1 genes and controlled primarily at transcriptional level, implemented through the interactions between cis-acting elements and trans-acting factors. However, transcriptional mechanism of Glu-1 genes remains elusive. Here we made a comprehensive analysis of cis-regulatory elements within 1-kb upstream of the Glu-1 start codon(-1000 to-1) and identified 30 conserved motifs. Based on motif distribution pattern, three conserved cis-regulatory modules(CCRMs), CCRM1(-300 to-101), CCRM2(-650 to-400), and CCRM3(-950 to-750), were defined, and their functions were characterized in wheat stable transgenic lines transformed with progressive 5′ deletion promoter::GUS fusion constructs. GUS staining, qP CR and enzyme activity assays indicated that CCRM2 and CCRM3 could enhance the expression level of Glu-1, whereas the 300-bp promoter(-300 to-1), spanning CCRM1 and core region(-100 to-1), was enough to ensure accurate Glu-1 initiation at 7 days after flowering(DAF) and shape its spatiotemporal expression pattern during seed development. Further transgenic assays demonstrated that CCRM1-2(-300 to-209) containing Complete HMW Enhancer(-246 to-209) was important for expression level but had no effect on expression specificity in the endosperm. In contrast, CCRM1-1(-208 to-101) was critical for both expression specificity and level of Glu-1. Our findings not only provide new insights to uncover Glu-1 transcription regulatory machinery but also lay foundations for modifying Glu-1 expression.

A novel SATB1 binding site in the BCL2 promoter region possesses transcriptional regulatory function

BCL2 is a key regulator of apoptosis.Our previous work has demonstrated that special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 1 （SATB1） is positively correlated with BCL2 expression.In the present study,we report a new SATB1 binding site located between P1 and P2 promoters of the BCL2 gene.The candidate SATB1 binding sequence predicted by bioinformatic analysis was investigated in vitro and in vivo by electrophoretic gel mobility shift assays （EMSA） and chromatin immunoprecipitation （ChIP）.One 25-bp sequence,named SB1,was confirmed to be SATB1 binding site.The regulatory function of SB1 and its relevance to SATB1 were further examed with dual-luciferase reporter assay system in Jurkat cells.We found that SB1 could negatively regulate reporter gene activity.Mutation of SATB1 binding site further repressed the activity.Knockdown of SATB1 also enhanced this negative effect of SB1.Our data indicate that the SB1 sequence possesses negative transcriptional regulatory function and this function can be antagonized by SATB1.

Sirtuin 1 in regulating the p53/glutathione peroxidase 4/gasdermin D axis in acute liver failure

In this editorial,we comment on the article by Zhou et al.The study reveals the connection between ferroptosis and pyroptosis and the effect of silent information regulator sirtuin 1(SIRT1)activation in acute liver failure(ALF).ALF is characterized by a sudden and severe liver injury resulting in significant hepatocyte damage,often posing a high risk of mortality.The predominant form of hepatic cell death in ALF involves apoptosis,ferroptosis,autophagy,pyroptosis,and necroptosis.Glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)inhibition sensitizes the cell to ferroptosis and triggers cell death,while Gasdermin D(GSDMD)is a mediator of pyroptosis.The study showed that ferroptosis and pyroptosis in ALF are regulated by blocking the p53/GPX4/GSDMD pathway,bridging the gap between the two processes.The inhibition of p53 elevates the levels of GPX4,reducing the levels of inflammatory and liver injury markers,ferroptotic events,and GSDMDN protein levels.Reduced p53 expression and increased GPX4 on deletion of GSDMD indicated ferroptosis and pyroptosis interaction.SIRT1 is a NAD-dependent deacetylase,and its activation attenuates liver injury and inflammation,accompanied by reduced ferroptosis and pyroptosis-related proteins in ALF.SIRT1 activation also inhibits the p53/GPX4/GSDMD axis by inducing p53 acetylation,attenuating LPS/D-GalN-induced ALF.

Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Plant Growth Regulatory Activity of 1-(3-Amino-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl)-3,3-dimethyl-butan-2-one

The title compound 1-（3-amino-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl）-3,3-dimethyl-butan-2-one（3） was synthesized by Hofmann-alkylation reaction of 1-chloro-3,3-dimethyl-butan-2-one（1） and ~1H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-ylamine（2） with equal amount of K_2CO_3 as acid acceptor. The structure of compound 3 was characterized by ~1H NMR, 13 C NMR, HRMS and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/n with a = 5.7227（8）, b = 27.924（4）, c = 6.2282（7） ？, β = 101.892（11）°, V = 973.9（2） ？~3, Z = 4, T = 180.00（10） K, μ（MoKα） = 0.087 mm^（-1）, Dc = 1.243 g/cm^3, 3832 reflections measured（3.648≤θ≤26.022°）, 1916 unique reflections（Rint = 0.0359, Rsigma = 0.0572） used in all calculations. The final R = 0.0557（I 〉 2σ（I）） and w R = 0.1276（all data）. Bioassay showed that 3 displayed excellent activity as plant growth regulator with inducing lateral root formation and enhancing primary root elongation at 0.27 mmol/L（50 ppm） in soybeen（He Feng-50）. Good water solubility was found with 50 mg in 1 m L of water. Therefore, application of 3 in agriculture is more environmentally friendly due to cosolvent-free condition, and results in improved abiotic-stress tolerance by affecting the root growth. And furthermore, it can be used as a precursor to investigate the function of regulating plant root growth.

Regulation role of miR-204 on SIRT1/VEGF in metabolic memory induced by high glucose in human retinal pigment epithelial cells

AIM:To examine the regulatory role of microRNA-204(miR-204)on silent information regulator 1(SIRT1)and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)under highglucose-induced metabolic memory in human retinal pigment epithelial(hRPE)cells.METHODS:Cells were cultured with either normal(5 mmol/L)or high D-glucose(25 mmol/L)concentrations for 8d to establish control and high-glucose groups,respectively.To induce metabolic memory,cells were cultured with 25 mmol/L D-glucose for 4d followed by culture with 5 mmol/L D-glucose for 4d.In addition,exposed in 25 mmol/L D-glucose for 4d and then transfected with 100 nmol/L miR-204 control,miR-204 inhibitor or miR-204 mimic in 5 mmol/L D-glucose for 4d.Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)was used to detect miR-204 mRNA levels.SIRT1 and VEGF protein levels were assessed by immunohistochemical and Western blot.Flow cytometry was used to investigate apoptosis rate.RESULTS:It was found that high glucose promoted miR-204 and VEGF expression,and inhibited SIRT1 activity,even after the return to normal glucose culture conditions.Upregulation of miR-204 promoted apoptosis inhibiting SIRT1 and increasing VEGF expression.However,downregulation of miR-204 produced the opposite effects.CONCLUSION:The study identifies that miR-204 is the upstream target of SIRT1and VEGF,and that miR-204 can protect hRPE cells from the damage caused by metabolic memory through increasing SIRT1 and inhibiting VEGF expression.

Exploring the relationship between red blood cell levels and emotional regulation through the miR191-Riok3-Mxi1 pathway

Objective:To assess emotional fluctuations,physical and mental health status,and indicators closely related to red blood cells,such as RIO kinase 3(Riok3),MAX interactor 1(Mxi1),and microRNA 191(miR191),in participants with different levels of red blood cells.Methods:Participants who underwent physical examinations at Dongfang Hospital between April and October 2019 were divided into healthy,blood deficiency,and anemia groups(30 individuals in the healthy and blood deficiency group respectively,and 13 in the anemia group).The physical and mental conditions of the participants were evaluated through questionnaires,and emotional fluctuations were assessed through an emotion-inducing experiment,in which participants watched video segments designed to induce specific emotions.Relative expression levels of miR191,Riok3,and Mxi1 from venous blood samples were also determined.Results:The main psychological factors identified in the anemia and blood deficiency groups were obsessive-compulsive symptoms,depression,anxiety,and other negative emotions.Relative gene expression levels indicated that miR191 was upregulated and Riok3 and Mxi1 were downregulated in both the blood deficiency and anemia groups.Regarding the emotional score of disgust on video stage,the main effect was significant(F=335.58,P<.001),which showed that watching the three videos caused participants to have a dominant emotion,and there is a difference on group(F=5.35,P=.01),with higher disgust scores in the anemia and blood deficiency groups.The symptoms of blood deficiency and anemia,such as weakness in limbs were significantly negatively correlated with Riok3 and Mxi1 expression(r=-0.38 and-0.31 respectively),but was significantly positively correlated with miR191 expression(r=0.29).Conclusion:We determined that a close relationship exists between red blood cell levels and emotional status.Our findings suggest that individuals with anemia and blood deficiency are more likely to experience psychological problems and negative emotions,particularly disgust.We also demonstrate that emotional regulation is related to mir191-Riok3-Mxi1 pathway activity,identifying these pathway components are potential targets for genetic therapies in combination with psychological therapy.

Regulatory puzzle of xyn1 gene (xylanase1) expression in Trichoderma reesei

Xylanase 1 (Xyn1) is one of the two major representatives of the xylanase system of T. reesei; the mechanisms governing its expression were analysed throughout this study. All factors and regulatory motifs responsible for transcriptional regulation and the model of their interplay in induction and repression will be presented. Using in vivo foot printing analysis of xylan-induced and glucose repressed mycelia, we detected three adjacent nucleotide sequences contacted by DNA-binding proteins. Protection within the inverted repeat of the Cre1 (SYGGRG) consensus sequence on the non coding strand under repressing conditions is in perfect agreement with the previously reported Cre1 dependent glucose repression of xyn1. Constitutive protein binding could be observed to a CCAAT-box and an inverted repeat of a 5′ GGCTAA 3′ sequence. EMSA with crude extracts from induced and repressed mycelia revealed that the latter motifs are sufficient for formation of the basal transcriptional complex under all conditions. The inverted repeat of GGCTAA closely resembles the consensus sequences of the cellulase and xylanase regulators Ace1, Ace2 and, Xyr1 (encoded by xyr1, cloned and characterised in this study) EMSA with heterologously expressed components of each factor and of the T. reesei Hap2/3/5 protein complex revealed that the basal transcriptional complex is formed by Xyr1 and the Hap2/3/5. Additionally to the Cre1 mediated carbon catabolite repression a yet unknown mechanism antagonizing induction of xyn1 expression could be elucidated. Latter occurs through competition of the repressor Ace1 and Xyr1 for the GGCTAA motif. In vivo proof for the relevance of identified motifs could be given through analysis of T. reesei transformants containing correspondingly mutated versions of the xyn1 promoter fused to the A. niger goxA gene. The results indicated that the basal as well as the induction level of xyn1 gene transcription is dependent on an interaction of Xyr1 with the GGCTAA motif while formation of the CCAAT-Hap2/3/5 complex slightly reduces induction. It can be concluded that mutations impairing protein binding in vitro lead to a loss of distinct regulatory functions in xyn1 gene expression in vivo. A respective model of gene regulation will be presented.

Regulatory role of NFAT1 signaling in articular chondrocyteactivities and osteoarthritis pathogenesis

Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common form of joint disease, is characterized clinically by joint pain, stiffness,and deformity. OA is now considered a whole joint disease;however, the breakdown of the articular cartilage remains themajor hallmark of the disease. Current treatments targeting OA symptoms have a limited impact on impeding orreversing the OA progression. Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying OA development isa critical barrier to progress in OA therapy. Recent studies by the current authors’ group and others have revealedthat the nuclear factor of activated T cell 1 (NFAT1), a member of the NFAT family of transcription factors, regulatesthe expression of many anabolic and catabolic genes in articular chondrocytes of adult mice. Mice lacking NFAT1exhibit normal skeletal development but display OA in both appendicular and spinal facet joints as adults. Thisreview mainly focuses on the recent advances in the regulatory role of NFAT1 transcription factor in the activities ofarticular chondrocytes and its implication in the pathogenesis of OA.

The regulatory role of Pin1 in neuronal death

Regulated cell death predominantly involves apoptosis,autophagy,and regulated necrosis.It is vital that we understand how key regulatory signals can control the process of cell death.Pin1 is a cis-trans isomerase that catalyzes the isomerization of phosphorylated serine or threonine-proline motifs of a protein,thereby acting as a crucial molecular switch and regulating the protein functionality and the signaling pathways involved.However,we know very little about how Pin1-associated pathways might play a role in regulated cell death.In this paper,we review the role of Pin1 in regulated cell death and related research progress and summarize Pin1-related pathways in regulated cell death.Aside from the involvement of Pin1 in the apoptosis that accompanies neurodegenerative diseases,accumulating evidence suggests that Pin1 also plays a role in regulated necrosis and autophagy,thereby exhibiting distinct effects,including both neurotoxic and neuroprotective effects.Gaining an enhanced understanding of Pin1 in neuronal death may provide us with new options for the development of therapeutic target for neurodegenerative disorders.

Neuregulin-1:a novel regulator of glial response in spinal cord injury

Spinal cord injury （SCI） results in a dysregulated microenvi- ronment that is largely driven by the immediate and robust response of resident astrocytes and microglia （Filous and Silver, 2016）.

稠油低温乳化降粘剂BL-1的研制及应用

乳化降粘剂BL 1的主剂是阴离子 非离子混合表面活性剂 ,在矿场应用时加入适量碱 (NaOH) ,是针对大庆黑帝庙低温 (15℃ )稠油油藏的开采而研制的。以黑帝庙稠油 (2 0℃密度 0 .918g/cm3 ,15℃粘度 2 6 80mPa·s,酸值 0 .818mgKOH/ g)为油相 ,混合表面活性剂在地层水 (矿化度 44 5 6mg/L)中的 5 g/L溶液为水相 ,油水体积比 70 / 30～ 5 0 / 5 0 ,研究了该混合表面活性剂 15℃时的乳化降粘性能。根据不同静置时间的脱水率和稳定性评分测定结果 ,油水比 70 / 30时形成相当稳定的O/W乳状液 ,其粘度比稠油粘度降低 94%。油水比 6 0 / 40和 5 0 / 5 0时粘度降低率更高 ;该混合表面活性剂不影响破乳剂 (SP 16 9和F 6 8)对稠油乳状液的破乳脱水效果。该混合表面活性剂也适用于新疆克拉玛依K1稠油 (30℃ )和胜利临盘S74 11井稠油 (6 0℃ ) ,乳化降粘率为 95 .1%～ 99.8%。在现场应用时 ,该混合表面活性剂的碱水溶液连续地通过油套环空注入油井 ,使井内表面活性剂浓度不小于5 g/L ,油水体积比不小于 70 / 30。在黑帝庙油田的一口处于注汽后采油后期的蒸汽吞吐稠油井进行了为期各 15天的两轮乳化降粘剂BL 1注入试验 ,试验期间停止掺 6 0～ 70℃的热水 ,生产正常进行 。

杀菌防腐剂BL-1的合成工艺研究

研究了BL－1及其中间体合成的各种影响因素，对反应条件进行了考察，确定了最佳工艺条件，各步收率超过国外专利报道。

疏调气机法联合桂枝茯苓胶囊治疗子宫肌瘤的疗效及其对血清TGF-β_(1)、TSGF的影响

目的:探究疏调气机法联合桂枝茯苓胶囊治疗子宫肌瘤的疗效及其对血清转化生长因子β_(1)(transforming growth factor-β_(1),TGF-β_(1))、肿瘤特异性生长因子(tumor specific growth factor,TSGF)的影响。方法:将135例子宫肌瘤患者采用随机数字表法分为对照A组、对照B组和联合组,每组45例。3组均给予常规西药治疗,在此基础上,对照A组采用疏调气机法治疗,对照B组采用桂枝茯苓胶囊治疗,联合组采用疏调气机法联合桂枝茯苓胶囊治疗。比较3组疗效、不良反应发生率及治疗前后子宫肌瘤体积、子宫体积、子宫内膜厚度、中医证候积分、血清雌激素指标[雌二醇(estradiol,E_(2))、黄体生成素(luteinizing hormone,LH)、催乳素(prolactin,PRL)]、氧化应激指标[晚期氧化蛋白产物(advanced oxidation protein products,AOPP)、丙二醛(malonaldehyde,MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)]、TGF-β_(1)、TSGF水平。结果:联合组总有效率为97.78%(44/45),高于对照A组的84.44%(38/45)、对照B组的80.00%(36/45)(P<0.05);治疗后3组患者子宫肌瘤体积、子宫体积均小于治疗前,联合组小于对照A组、对照B组;子宫内膜厚度大于治疗前,联合组大于对照A组、对照B组(P<0.05);与本组治疗前比较,治疗后3组患者月经异常、下腹胀痛、面色晦暗积分均降低,联合组低于对照A组、对照B组(P<0.05);治疗后3组患者血清PRL、LH、E_(2)水平均低于治疗前,联合组低于对照A组、对照B组(P<0.05);治疗后3组患者血清SOD水平均高于治疗前,且联合组高于对照A组、对照B组,血清AOPP、MDA水平均低于治疗前,联合组低于对照A组、对照B组(P<0.05);与本组治疗前比较,治疗后3组患者血清TGF-β_(1)、TSGF水平均降低,联合组低于对照A组、对照B组(P<0.05);联合组不良反应发生率为13.33%(6/45),与对照A组的6.67%(3/45)、对照B组的8.89%(4/45)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:疏调气机法联合桂枝茯苓胶囊能提高子宫肌瘤临床疗效,下调血清TGF-β_(1)、TSGF水平,且具有一定安全性。

软骨细胞中SIRT1基因敲减后作用状态不明确信号通路及对相关疾病或功能的影响

背景:沉默信息调节因子1以去乙酰化的方式调控软骨细胞中相关蛋白的功能,参与软骨细胞增殖分化,促进软骨缺损修复。目的:利用高通量技术筛选软骨细胞中沉默信息调节因子1基因敲减后作用状态不明确的信号通路以及产生变化的疾病或功能。方法:取处于对数生长期的小鼠ATDC5软骨细胞,分2组转染:对照组转染沉默信息调节因子1基因敲减阴性对照慢病毒,实验组转染沉默信息调节因子1基因敲减慢病毒。转染72 h后,利用小鼠基因表达谱芯片GeneChip®Mouse Genome 4302.0 Array检测mRNA的基因层面变化情况,应用生物信息学技术筛选激活或抑制不明确的信号通路以及这些信号通路相关因子,并分析疾病或功能模块的富集情况。结果与结论:①沉默信息调节因子1基因敲减后,小鼠ATDC5软骨细胞中激活或抑制状态不明确的信号通路有245条;②根据-log(P-value)排序选择排前20的激活或抑制状态不明确信号通路中的因子情况进行报道,包括IGFBP4、TGFBR1、CTGF、COL4A5、LHX2、IL1RL1、KLF6等;③根据-log(P-value)进行排序,细胞生长和增殖、生物体存活和细胞死亡与存活等14个疾病和功能密切相关模块明显变化;根据差异基因数量排序,生物体损伤和异常、癌症和细胞死亡与存活3个疾病和功能密切相关模块明显变化;根据-log(P-value)与差异基因数量综合排序,固有免疫应答这一疾病和功能模块被显著激活。

白藜芦醇通过调节SIRT1/AMPK信号通路介导自噬反应对膝关节骨性关节炎大鼠细胞凋亡的影响

目的:从沉默信息调节因子1(SIRT1)/腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)信号通路介导自噬角度,探讨白藜芦醇对大鼠膝关节骨性关节炎(KOA)软骨细胞凋亡的影响。方法:50只健康Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、白藜芦醇组、白藜芦醇+SIRT1抑制剂组、自噬激活剂组,每组10只。除对照组外其余大鼠均通过注射弗氏完全佐剂造模法复制KOA大鼠模型,白藜芦醇组、白藜芦醇+AMPK抑制剂组、自噬激活剂组分别使用10μmol/kg白藜芦醇、10μmol/kg白藜芦醇+10 mg/kg EX527、2 mg/kg雷帕霉素进行干预,4周后,观察大鼠Lequesne MG膝关节级别;测定大鼠膝关节液中IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子β(TNF-β)水平;HE染色与TUNEL染色观测大鼠膝关节软骨组织形态及凋亡情况;透射电子显微镜观察大鼠软骨细胞自噬情况;Western blot法检测SIRT1、p-AMPK、AMPK、LC3、Beclin-1蛋白表达。结果:与对照组相比,模型组局部反应、步态反应、关节活动、关节肿胀程度加重(P<0.05);与模型组相比,白藜芦醇组、自噬激活剂组局部反应、步态反应、关节活动、关节肿胀程度减轻(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,模型组大鼠软骨组织细胞排列紊乱,粗糙,存在纤维化变性、边缘丘状隆起,细胞器减少,可见空泡变性,自噬小体数目增多,膝关节液IL-6、TNF-β水平、软骨细胞凋亡率、Beclin-1和LC3B/A升高(P<0.05),软骨组织SIRT1、p-AMPK/AMPK降低(P<0.05);与模型组相比,白藜芦醇组、自噬激活剂组大鼠软骨组织细胞排列紊乱、边缘丘状隆起等现象有改善,自噬小体数目增多,膝关节液IL-6、TNF-β水平、软骨细胞凋亡率降低(P<0.05),软骨组织SIRT1、p-AMPK/AMPK、Beclin-1和LC3B/A水平升高(P<0.05);SIRT1抑制剂可逆转白藜芦醇组对大鼠软骨细胞的保护作用。结论:白藜芦醇可能是通过激活SIRT1/AMPK通路介导自噬KOA大鼠软骨细胞凋亡,SIRT1抑制剂可逆转此过程。

抑制lncRNA TUG1下调核苷酸结合寡聚结构域样受体蛋白1炎症小体在延缓阿尔茨海默病进展的作用

目的探讨敲低长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)牛磺酸上调基因1(TUG1)抑制核苷酸结合寡聚结构域样受体蛋白1(NLRP1)炎症小体在缓解阿尔茨海默病进展中的作用。方法选取9~10周龄遗传背景为C57/BL6的野生型小鼠(WT组,10只)或淀粉样前体蛋白(APP)/早老素1(PS1)转基因小鼠(30只)。APP/PS1转基因小鼠随机分为模型(model)组,模型+敲低lncRNA TUG1组[model+lncRNA TUG1短发夹RNA(shRNA)组]和model+shRNA非靶标(NT)组,每组10只。分别采集12周龄第1天(3月龄)和32周龄第1天(8月龄)小鼠外周血和脑皮质组织,并分离皮质中的原代小胶质细胞和原代星形胶质细胞,每个时间点每组5只小鼠。Real-time PCR分别测定3月龄和8月龄上述4个分组小鼠脑皮质组织和原代小胶质细胞中lncRNA TUG1和巨噬细胞移动抑制因子(MIF)mRNA的水平,以及原代星形胶质细胞中补体蛋白C1r和C1s mRNA的水平。ELISA法测定其外周血浆中MIF含量。对3月龄和8月龄小鼠脑皮质原代小胶质细胞和原代星形胶质细胞共培养。CCK-8法测定上述2种细胞的增殖能力。Western blotting分别测定3月龄和8月龄上述4个分组小鼠脑皮质组织中MIF、白细胞介素1β前体(pro-IL-1β)、凋亡相关斑点样蛋白(ASC)、Caspase-1(p20)、Caspase-1(full)、NLRP1及NLRP3蛋白的表达水平。采用免疫荧光染色法测定8月龄各分组小鼠脑皮质组织中β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)表达。结果3月龄和8月龄时,与WT组小鼠相比,model组小鼠脑皮质组织和原代小胶质细胞中lncRNA TUG1和MIF相对表达水平显著上调,原代小胶质细胞和原代星形胶质细胞增殖能力增强(P<0.05)。与model组相比,model+lncRNA TUG1 shRNA组小鼠脑皮质组织和原代小胶质细胞中lncRNA TUG1和MIF的相对表达水平显著降低,原代小胶质细胞和原代星形胶质细胞增殖能力降低(P<0.05)。与WT组相比,model组小鼠外周血浆中MIF含量显著升高;小鼠脑皮质组织中pro-IL-1β、ASC、Caspase-1(p20)、Caspase-1(full)、NLRP1以及NLRP3的蛋白表达水平显著升高;Aβ免疫荧光强度明显增强(P<0.05)。与model组相比,model+lncRNA TUG1 shRNA组小鼠外周血浆中MIF含量显著降低;小鼠脑皮质组织中pro-IL-1β、ASC、Caspase-1(p20)、Caspase-1(full)和NLRP1的蛋白表达水平显著降低,Aβ免疫荧光强度明显降低(P<0.05),而NLRP3蛋白质的表达水平无明显变化(P>0.05)。与model组相比,model+shRNA NT组小鼠上述所有检测指标差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。结论APP/PS1转基因小鼠脑皮质组织和原代小胶质细胞中lncRNA TUG1和MIF因子表达上调与脑皮质内NLRP1炎症小体激活成正相关,敲低lncRNA TUG1可缓解阿尔茨海默病的进展。

姜黄素调控转录因子FOXP3影响HIV-1感染辅助受体CCR5的作用机制研究

目的:探讨姜黄素通过调控转录因子FOXP3影响HIV-1感染辅助受体CCR5的作用机制。方法:利用生物信息学方法预测并分析转录因子FOXP3与CCR5启动子的结合位点;采用AutoDock 4.2软件对姜黄素与FOXP3进行柔性对接;MTT法检测姜黄素对Jurkat细胞活性的影响;qRT-PCR和Western blot检测不同浓度姜黄素作用于Jurkat细胞后CCR5和FOXP3 mRNA和蛋白表达水平;构建pcDNA3.1-FOXP3真核表达载体;结合转录因子预测结果,运用Overlap PCR法扩增突变型CCR5基因片段,构建突变型CCR5启动子报告载体pFireRluc-Mt-CCR5;利用双荧光素酶报告基因技术验证转录因子FOXP3与CCR5的启动子结合位点。结果:JASPAR转录因子预测结果显示,CCR5启动子区与转录因子FOXP3存在结合位点;分子对接结果显示,姜黄素能够与FOXP3的酶活区域结合;MTT结果显示,姜黄素作用24 h后对Jurkat细胞活性产生抑制作用,IC50为34.48μmol/L;qRT-PCR和Western bot结果显示,不同浓度姜黄素作用于Jurkat细胞后,CCR5和FOXP3 mRNA和蛋白表达水平均降低,且存在剂量依赖性;双荧光素酶报告基因技术证实FOXP3能够与CCR5启动子结合,且转录因子FOXP3可调控CCR5启动子活性;过表达FOXP3后,姜黄素对CCR5的作用结果显示:当姜黄素浓度为60μmol/L时,作用于共转染pcDNA3.1-FOXP3和pFireRluc-Wt-CCR5的HEK293T细胞CCR5启动子荧光素酶活性相对值明显高于pFireRluc-Wt-CCR5+curcumin-60组(P<0.01)。结论:FOXP3能够调控CCR5启动子活性,其作用机制可能是姜黄素通过作用于FOXP3与CCR5启动子结合位点影响CCR5启动子活性。

生长分化因子15联合沉默信息调节因子1在老年急性心肌梗死患者介入治疗的预后预测价值分析

目的:探讨生长分化因子15(growth differentiation factor-15,GDF15)联合沉默信息调节因子1(silent information regulator 1,SIRT1)在老年急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarctio,AMI)患者PCI治疗后预后预测中的价值。方法:选取本院2019年1月至2021年8月收治的209例AMI行PCI老年患者纳入AMI组,另选同期健康体检人群90例纳入对照组,检测AMI患者术前、术后7d以及对照组血清GDF15、SIRT1表达水平,观察AMI术后3个月内AMI组主要不良心血管事件(major adverse cardiovascular events,MACE)发生情况,对比MACE发生与未发生患者血清GDF15、SIRT1表达差异,通过受试者工作曲线(ROC)评估其对患者MACE发生的预测价值。结果:AMI患者术前与术后血清GDF-15水平明显高于对照组,SIRT1水平明显低于对照组(P <0.05);血清GDF-15、SIRT1水平联合检测诊断AMI的发生ROC曲线下面积(AUC)显著高于两项指标单独评估的AUC(P <0.05);209例患者术后3个月内发生MACE者44例(21.1%),发生MACE患者术前及术后血清GDF-15水平高于未发生者,SIRT1水平低于未发生者(P <0.05);术前血清GDF-15、SIRT1水平联合检测评估老年PCI治疗AMI患者MACE的发生ROC曲线下面积为0.816,显著高于两项指标单独评估曲线下面积0.726、0.725(P <0.05);术后血清GDF-15、SIRT1水平联合检测评估老年PCI治疗AMI患者MACE的发生ROC曲线下面积为0.894,显著高于两项指标单独评估曲线下面积0.815、0.811(P <0.05);术后7d血清GDF-15、SIRT1水平检测评估老年PCI治疗AMI患者MACE的发生ROC曲线下AUC高于术前(P <0.05)。结论:AMI患者血清GDF-15呈高表达,SIRT1呈低表达,且其表达水平可在一定程度上预测患者PCI术后MACE的发生,反映患者预后状态。

lncRNA TUG1靶向调节miR-31-5p对急性胰腺炎小鼠炎症反应的影响

目的:探讨长链非编码RNA牛磺酸上调基因1(lncRNA TUG1)在急性胰腺炎(AP)中的作用机制。方法:体外培养小鼠胰腺腺泡细胞系(MPC-83),用脂多糖(LPS,10μg/ml)和雨蛙素(Caerulein,100 nmol/L)处理3 h,建立AP模型。实验分为对照组(control组)、AP组、AP+sh-NC组、AP+sh-TUG1组、AP+sh-TUG1+inhibitor-NC组、AP+sh-TUG1+miR-31-5p inhibitor组。实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测细胞中lncRNA TUG1和miR-31-5p表达水平;CCK-8法检测细胞活力;流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡;ELISA检测细胞上清液中IL-1β、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)水平;双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证lncRNA TUG1和miR-31-5p之间的靶向关系。构建AP小鼠模型,给予相应的干预后,qRT-PCR检测胰腺组织中lncRNA TUG1和miR-31-5p表达水平;试剂盒检测血清中炎症因子IL-1β、TNF-α含量和淀粉酶(AMY)和脂肪酶(Lipase)活性;HE染色观察胰腺组织病理学变化;TUNEL检测胰腺组织中细胞凋亡。结果:在Caerulein和LPS共同处理的MPC-83细胞中lncRNA TUG1水平、细胞凋亡率、IL-1β和TNF-α水平升高,miR-31-5p水平、细胞活力降低(均P<0.05);敲低lncRNA TUG1可上调miR-31-5p,增加细胞活力,降低IL-1β和TNF-α水平,抑制细胞凋亡(均P<0.05);下调miR-31-5p表达可减弱敲低lncRNA TUG1对细胞炎症反应的抑制作用。miR-31-5p是lncRNA TUG1的直接靶标。在体内敲低lncRNA TUG1表达可上调AP小鼠胰腺组织中miR-31-5p表达,降低IL-1β、TNF-α水平,减少细胞凋亡,改善胰腺组织损伤。结论:敲低lncRNA TUG1可能通过上调miR-31-5p表达水平,抑制炎症反应,改善AP。