Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control Based on Longitudinal Force Estimation for Electro-mechanical Braking Systems using BLDC Motor

This paper focuses on the controller design using fuzzy sliding mode control(FSMC)with application to electro-mechanical brake(EMB)systems using BLDC Motor.The EMB controller transmits the control signal to the motor driver to rotate the motor.The torque distribution of motors is studied in this paper actually.Firstly,the model of the EMB system is established.Then the state observer is developed to estimate the vehicle states including the vehicle velocity and longitudinal force.Due to the fact that the EMB system is nonlinear and uncertain,a FSMC strategy based on wheel slip ratio is proposed,where both the normal and emergency braking conditions are taken into account.The equivalent control law of sliding mode controller is designed on the basis of the variation of the front axle and rear axle load during the brake process,while the switching control law is adjusted by the fuzzy corrector.The simulation results illustrate that the FSMC strategy has the superior performance,better adaptability to various types of roads,and shorter braking distance,as compared to PID control and traditional sliding mode control technologies.Finally,the hardware-in-loop(HIL)experimental results have exemplified the validation of the developed methodology.

DC–DC Converter with Pi Controller for BLDC Motor Fuzzy Drive System

The Brushless DC Motor drive systems are used widely with renewable energy resources.The power converter controlling technique increases the performance by novel techniques and algorithms.Conventional approaches are mostly focused on buck converter,Fuzzy logic control with various switching activity.In this proposed research work,the QPSO(Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm)is used on the switching state of converter from the generation unit of solar module.Through the duty cycle pulse from optimization function,the MOSFET(Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor)of the Boost converter gets switched when BLDC(Brushless Direct Current Motor)motor drive system requires power.Voltage Source three phase inverter and Boost converter is controlled by proportional-integral(PI)controller.Based on the BLDC drive,the load utilized from the solar generating module.Experimental results analyzed every module of the proposed grid system,which are solar generation utilizes the irradiance and temperature depends on this the Photovoltaics(PV)power is generated and the QPSO with Duty cycle switching state is determined.The Boost converter module is boost stage based on generation and load is obtained.Single Ended Primary Inductor Converter(SEPIC)and Zeta converter model is compared with the proposed logic;the proposed boost converter achieves the results.Three phase inverter control,PI,and BLDC motor drive results.Thus the proposed grid model is constructed to obtain the better performance results than most recent literatures.Overall design model is done by using MATLAB/Simulink 2020a.

Influence of PWM Modes on Commutation Torque Ripples in Sensorless Brushless DC Motor Control System

This paper introduces four PWM modes used in the sensorless brushless DC motor control system, analyzes their different influences on the commutation torque ripple in detail, and selects the best PWM mode in four given types to reduce commutation torque ripple of Brushless OC(BLDC) motors. Simulation and experimental results show that the selection is correct and practical.

An Investigation of Power Converters Fed BLDC Motor for Adjustable Speed

This paper reports the converter topologies which are employed for better Power Factor Correction at the input side. The Power Factor Correction is an important factor when considering the Power Quality. Based on the converter topologies, the Bridgeless converters are preferred in order to reduce the number of switching devices, losses associated with it and improve the Power Quality further more. This paper investigates about the Power Factor performances and conduction losses of the Bridgeless Power Factor Corrector Converters which see through the benefits and limitations by analyzing the Bridgeless Buck-Boost Converter, Bridgeless SEPIC converter and Bridgeless CUK converter. The resultant voltage is fed to the BLDC motor which is rapidly replacing the Induction motor for its better operating characteristics. These strategies are being analyzed using the MATLAB/Simulink software and the results are verified through the experimental analysis. The converter choice is preferred through the performance characteristics and Power Factor Correction at the supply. The Power Factor obtained should be within the acceptable limits under IEC 61000-3-2 standards.

Multi-Objective Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm for Solving Real-World BLDC Motor Design Problem

The first step in the design phase of the Brushless Direct Current(BLDC)motor is the formulation of the mathematical framework and is often used due to its analytical structure.Therefore,the BLDC motor design problem is considered to be an optimization problem.In this paper,the analytical model of the BLDC motor is presented,and it is considered to be a basis for emphasizing the optimization methods.The analytical model used for the experimentation has 78 non-linear equations,two objective functions,five design variables,and six non-linear constraints,so the BLDC motor design problem is considered as highly non-linear in electromagnetic optimization.Multi-objective optimization becomes the forefront of the current research to obtain the global best solution using metaheuristic techniques.The bio-inspired multi-objective grey wolf optimizer(MOGWO)is presented in this paper,and it is formulated based on Pareto optimality,dominance,and archiving external.The performance of theMOGWO is verified on standard multi-objective unconstraint benchmark functions and applied to the BLDC motor design problem.The results proved that the proposedMOGWO algorithm could handle nonlinear constraints in electromagnetic optimization problems.The performance comparison in terms of Generational Distance,inversion GD,Hypervolume-matrix,scattered-matrix,and coverage metrics proves that the MOGWO algorithm can provide the best solution compared to other selected algorithms.The source code of this paper is backed up with extra online support at https://premkumarmanoharan.wixsite.com/mysite and https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/75259-multiobjective-non-sorted-grey-wolf-mogwo-nsgwo.

Adaptive Real-Coded Genetic Algorithm for Identifying Motor Systems

In this paper, the main objective is to identify the parameters of motors, which includes a brushless direct current (BLDC) motor and an induction motor. The motor systems are dynamically formulated by the mechanical and electrical equations. The real-coded genetic algorithm (RGA) is adopted to identify all parameters of motors, and the standard genetic algorithm (SRGA) and various adaptive genetic algorithm (ARGAs) are compared in the rotational angular speeds and fitness values, which are the inverse of square differences of angular speeds. From numerical simulations and experimental results, it is found that the SRGA and ARGA are feasible, the ARGA can effectively solve the problems with slow convergent speed and premature phenomenon, and is more accurate in identifying system’s parameters than the SRGA. From the comparisons of the ARGAs in identifying parameters of motors, the best ARGA method is obtained and could be applied to any other mechatronic systems.

基于BP神经网络PID控制的BLDCM调速系统

在分析无刷直流电机(BLDCM)数学模型的基础上,采用改进型BP神经网络与传统PID相结合作为速度控制器,应用于无刷直流电机调速系统中。在电机初始运行阶段采用传统PID控制,网络学习一段时间后,切换到经过改进的BP神经网络在线自整定PID控制。仿真研究表明,应用这种新型控制方式的无刷直流电机调速系统具有良好的动态性能和稳态精度。

BLDC驱动的直流微电网供能电梯系统

提出了一种利用直流微电网供电,使用无刷直流电动机(BLDC)驱动的电梯系统。利用MATLAB软件搭建了BLDC电梯系统的仿真模型,得出了电梯四象限运行状态图,并设计了电梯系统的样机,利用FPGA作为控制器实现了电梯系统的闭环控制。对电梯系统空载及负载状态下的电梯上下运行工况进行了分析,并提出使用再生制动替代蜗轮制动,从而可充分利用可再生能源。

A New Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms for Brushless Direct Current Wheel Motor Design Problem

The Equilibrium Optimizer(EO),Grey Wolf Optimizer(GWO),and Whale Optimizer(WO)algorithms are being recently developed for engineering optimization problems.In this paper,the EO,GWO,and WO algorithms are applied individually for a brushless direct current(BLDC)design optimization problem.The EO algorithm is inspired by the models utilized to find the system’s dynamic state and equilibrium state.The GWO and WO algorithms are inspired by the hunting behavior of the wolf and the whale,respectively.The primary purpose of any optimization technique is to find the optimal configuration by maximizing motor efficiency and/or minimizing the total mass.Therefore,two objective functions are being used to achieve these objectives.The first refers to a design with high power output and efficiency.The second is a constraint imposed by the reality that the motor is built into the wheel of the vehicle and,therefore,a lightweight is needed.The EO,GWO,and WOA algorithms are then utilized to optimize the BLDC motor’s design variables to minimize the motor’s total mass or maximize the motor efficiency by simultaneously satisfying the six inequality constraints.The simulation is carried out using MATLAB simulation software,and the simulation results prove the dominance of the proposed algorithms.This paper also suggests an efficient method from the proposed three methods for the BLDC motor design optimization problem.

A wide-angle wave control method of reducing torque ripple for brushless DC motor

In order to deal with torque pulsation problem caused by traditional control method for brushless DC （BLDC） motor and to achieve high precision and good stability, a novel control strategy is proposed. Compared with the traditional control scheme, by using phase voltage as a control objective and making waveform of phase current approximately quasi-sinusoidal, torque ripple of BLDC motor is reduced from the original 14% to 3.4%, while toque is increased by 3.8%. Furthermore, by detecting zero-crossings of back electromotive force （BEMF） with non-conducting phases, sensorless control is realized. The new control strategy is simple. It can minimize torque ripple, increase torque, and realize sensorless control for BLDC motor. Simulation and experiments show good performance of BLDC motor by using the new control method.

For Propulsion Applications It Is Possible to Utilize Both the Torque Output of the Rotor and the Reactional Torque Acting on the Stator of the Driving Electric Motor by Linearizing the Stator

This paper presents a novel idea of utilizing the reactional torque of the conventional electric motor as a linear output for propulsion in addition to the conventional torque output of the rotor. The idea is demonstrated by a theoretical proposal of linearizing the stator of one of the most used motors in Electrical Vehicles and Hybrid Vehicles. The proposed Linear Stator Motor is a simple modification without involving any functional change of the conventional motor. Though theoretical, the indicated possible input energy saving of more than 75% as compared to the conventional motor is no surprise, as by linearizing the stator, an almost equal linear propulsion output is added to the conventional rotor output. In addition to this remarkable saving in input energy, the proposed Linear Stator Motor that suits all types of vehicles, can maintain propulsion without the need for a mechanical transmission system. Also, in the case of watercraft and aircraft vehicles, no external mechanical propulsion drive system is required. It is just an internal force that can push the vehicle forward, backward, or laterally, while the conventional rotor output can be utilized for energy recovery by driving a DC generator.

An Optimal Control Theory Based Analysis of Brushless DC Motor Drive

The application of BLDC motor drives in industries is becoming more popular nowadays. An error will occur in the drive that is originated by some disturbances which are the major problems to reduce the stability of the system. To obtain the minimum performance index, the optimal control signal is formulated, which is the main objective of this paper. Based on quadratic performance index, the optimal control system of BLDC motor drive is a design which spotlights in this paper. The complexity of the mathematical expressions has been reduced by using state space approach to the BLDC system. The burden to the control engineers has reduced based on tedious computation by using thus optimal design. To provide the desired operating performance, this optimal design helps to realize the BLDC system with practical components.

Design and experimental testing of a control system for a morphing wing model actuated with miniature BLDC motors

The paper deals with the design and experimental validation of the actuation mechanism control system for a morphing wing model.The experimental morphable wing model manufactured in this project is a full-size scale wing tip for a real aircraft equipped with an aileron.The morphing actuation of the model is based on a mechanism with four similar in house designed and manufactured actuators,positioned inside the wing on two parallel lines.Each of the four actuators used a BrushLess Direct Current(BLDC)electric motor integrated with a mechanical part performing the conversion of the angular displacements into linear displacements.The following have been chosen as successive steps in the design of the actuator control system:(A)Mathematical and software modelling of the actuator;(B)Design of the control system architecture and tuning using Internal Model Control(IMC)methodology;(C)Numerical simulation of the controlled actuator and its testing on bench and wind tunnel.The morphing wing experimental model is tested both at the laboratory level,with no airflow,to evaluate the components integration and the whole system functioning,but also in the wind tunnel,in the presence of airflow,to evaluate its behavior and the aerodynamic gain.

毂式换挡执行系统换挡过程仿真研究

为分析换挡执行系统动力学性能、开展系统零部件参数设计,建立换挡执行系统动力传动数学模型,并结合无刷直流电机线反法及方波控制原理建立电机模块Simulink控制模型,使用ADAMS导入实物参数模型,利用Simulink接口实现电机模型与机构动力学交互仿真,通过定转矩加载试验并结合电机三环控制原理分析动态换挡过程系统响应特性、过程参数要素。仿真及试验结果表明,电机转矩加载过程对系统功能实现、零部件的换挡力、换挡时长具有重要影响,可选取适当的控制参数和策略实现对换挡过程的控制。

基于DSP的无刷直流电动机控制系统

介绍一种基于DSP的无刷直流电动机控制系统 ,简述了实现该控制系统的硬件设计方案及控制策略。

利用DSP实现无刷直流电机的位置控制

介绍了一种基于TMS320LF2406的无刷直流电机位置控制系统,简述了实现该控制系统的硬件设计方案和软件控制策略。该控制系统为模块化可重组机器人而设计,具有小型化和控制灵活等优点,在应用中得到了令人满意的效果。

水下机器人关节电机驱动系统研究

针对水下机器人关节电机驱动系统体积和功耗大的问题,根据对其系统原理和结构的分析,提出了一种采用高集成度器件、小型封装、多层印制电路板、低功耗器件、电能管理等方法来减小其体积和功耗的方法。研制了一套水下无刷直流电机驱动系统,该系统包括驱动电路、控制算法与控制界面,测量了驱动电路的面积和功耗值,并进行了速度伺服实验。研究结果表明:驱动电路的面积减小到仅为8.2 cm2,可以将其直接装入电机中;驱动系统的静态功耗和动态功耗分别为0.24 W和0.5 W,满足水下作业时的低功耗需求;电机装入操作臂时,给定120 r/min参考转速,电机能够在1 s内稳定,并准确地跟踪给定转速,完成水下作业任务。

无刷直流电动机系统的波动力矩抑制方法

波动力矩对无刷直流电动机系统性能有很大影响，电机系统的正弦化设计可以从原理上消除波动力矩；介绍了抑制波动力矩的各种方法。

一种降低无刷直流电机EPS系统损耗的PWM控制策略

无刷直流电机电动助力转向(ElectricPowerSteering,EPS)系统由车载蓄电池供电,采用由MOSFET构成的三相电压型逆变器驱动。为了降低无刷直流电机EPS系统的损耗,本文提出了一种新颖的脉冲宽度调制(PulseWidthModulation,PWM)控制策略,即无论EPS系统处于助力状态、回正状态还是阻尼状态,当检测到某一个MOSFET反并联的续流二极管导通时,就给该MOSFET的门极施加驱动信号,以此来降低续流二极管的导通压降和导通损耗,减少其发热,提高逆变器的工作效率。实验证明,本文提出的PWM控制策略在降低EPS系统损耗的同时可以对汽车转向过程的各个环节进行有效的控制,且该方法实现简单,具有较强的实用性。

基于TMS320LF2406的无刷直流电机位置控制

介绍了一种基于TMS320LF2406的无刷直流电机位置控制系统,简述了实现该控制系统的硬件设计方案和软件控制策略。