<strong>Background: </strong>Both the civil war in 1998 and the tsunami in 2004 in Sri Lanka resulted in a large number of orphans.<strong> Objective:</strong> To examine the effect of nutritio...<strong>Background: </strong>Both the civil war in 1998 and the tsunami in 2004 in Sri Lanka resulted in a large number of orphans.<strong> Objective:</strong> To examine the effect of nutritional intervention on one-year period of stunting and/or emaciated status.<strong> Methods:</strong> Study setting: Twenty-eight girls aged 5 - 19 years old were in the care of <em>Grace Girls<em>’</em></em> <em>Home</em>, an orphanage for girls located in the port town of Trincomalee, Sri Lanka, at the time of the survey. Nineteen of them had two available anthropometric measurements recorded over one year of follow-up. Anthropometric measurements were obtained prior to the intervention of nutritional mentoring to the local caregivers, and one year after intervention. Height-for-age, weight-for-age, and BMI-for-age z-scores were calculated using SMART methodology. Nutritional consultancy recommended an additional 15 - 20 grams of high quality protein per day, which was given to the girls. The kitchen team was encouraged to regularly prepare a variety of pulse-based dishes, using local foods and recipes. The local palm oil, rich in saturated fatty acids, was replaced with sunflower oil, rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. <strong>Results:</strong> Stunting was decreased from Height to age Z-score (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−</span></span>1.19 ± 0.94) to (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−</span></span>0.90 ± 1.06) (P = 0.016), and BMI Z-score from (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−</span></span>0.80 ± 0.79) to (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−</span></span>0.50 ± 0.74) (P = 0.004). <strong>Conclusions: </strong>A single nutritional education intervention, culturally adapted and implemented by the local caregivers, can decrease stunting in orphans within one year.展开更多
Objective: To examine the relationship of the initial manifestation of pubertal development in children to anthropometric measurements recorded during the early childhood and adolescence. Methods: The Fels Longitudina...Objective: To examine the relationship of the initial manifestation of pubertal development in children to anthropometric measurements recorded during the early childhood and adolescence. Methods: The Fels Longitudinal study is an observational study of growth and development of healthy white children. A total of 109 boys and 75 girls with serial self-assessments of Tanner stages of genital/breast and pubic hair developments provided data for a longitudinal analysis with a linear mixed model. Results: About 11.0% of boys and 22.7% of girls witnessed the appearance of pubic hair (adrenarche) prior to the onset of genital/breast growth (gonadarche/thelarche) and about 13.7% of boys and 22.7% of girls experienced the onset of gonadarche/thelarche prior to adrenarche. The remaining 75.3% of boys and 54.7% of girls were concordant for adrenarche and gonadarche/thelarche. During the first two years of life, boys and girls with earlier gonadarche and thelarche than adrenarche were found to have more rapid weight gain than those with earlier adrenarche than gonadarche/thelarche. During early childhood from age 2 - 7 years, those girls with early thelarche had higher body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference to height ratio (waist/ height) than those with early adrenarche. In children of ages 8 - 20, girls with early gonadarche had higher BMI z-scores than those with early adrenarche. Conclusion: Girls with early thelarche and later adrenarche, have more rapid mean weight gain during the first two years of life, higher BMI and waist/height during early childhood, and higher BMI z-scores during adolescence. Boys with early gonadarche and later adrenarche experienced more rapid weight gain during the first two years of life than boys with early adrenarche and later gonadarche. In other words, girls with early thelarche are more likely to be triggered by early accumulation of fat mass than those with early adrenarche.展开更多
Aims: This study compares the WHO (2007) and the National Health Examination Survey (NHANES III) reference intervals and investigates the differences when applied on a Canadian cohort of older children and adolescents...Aims: This study compares the WHO (2007) and the National Health Examination Survey (NHANES III) reference intervals and investigates the differences when applied on a Canadian cohort of older children and adolescents. Methods: We calculated height, weight and BMI z-scores of 4375 consecutive patients (1993 female, 45.6%) aged 5 - 20 years attending outpatient clinics at a single tertiary care centre using reference data of the latest NHANES (III) survey and the WHO (2007) growth charts. To address age dependency, data was stratified into age groups. Results: Using the NHANES III reference intervals, medians of weight (+0.46), height (+0.29) and BMI z-scores (+0.46) were significantly non-zero. The WHO (2007) growth charts yielded medians of +2.05, +0.32, +0.53 for weight, height and BMI z-scores respectively, all significantly non-zero. When comparing both growth charts, Canadian children had significantly different weight and BMI z-scores (p 95th percentile) doubled from 8.6% to 16.0%. A significant age dependency was observed with higher WHO (2007) weight z-scores (>7 years) and higher BMI z-scores (7 to 13 years) and no significant difference was observed for height z-scores across all age groups. Gender differences were observed for weight z-scores (>9 years) and BMI (males: 9 - 11 years, p = 0.0118;11 - 13 years, p = 0.0069) whereas no significant difference was found in height z-scores across all age groups. Conclusion: Our results reveal substantial differences between both reference populations and thus interpretation needs be done with caution, especially when labelling results as abnormal.展开更多
目的探索我国学龄儿童奶类摄入水平与超重肥胖关系。方法采用多阶段整群抽样,选取中国八地区742名学龄儿童,展开横断面调查。采用多重线性回归和多元Logistic回归分析学龄儿童奶类摄入水平与超重肥胖相关指标间的关系。结果调查儿童超...目的探索我国学龄儿童奶类摄入水平与超重肥胖关系。方法采用多阶段整群抽样,选取中国八地区742名学龄儿童,展开横断面调查。采用多重线性回归和多元Logistic回归分析学龄儿童奶类摄入水平与超重肥胖相关指标间的关系。结果调查儿童超重、肥胖率分别为16.5%和9.0%。奶类消费者占总数84.4%,酸奶消费者(71.0%)高于全脂液体奶消费者(58.6%)及低脂脱脂奶消费者(18.9%)。调查儿童奶类总摄入程度和全脂液体奶摄入程度与年龄别体质指数Z评分(body mass index for age Z-score,BAZ)均呈正相关(均有P<0.05)。结论学龄儿童奶类总摄入程度及全脂液体奶摄入程度与BAZ呈正相关,建议该人群适当增加低脂脱脂奶和酸奶的摄入比例。展开更多
文摘<strong>Background: </strong>Both the civil war in 1998 and the tsunami in 2004 in Sri Lanka resulted in a large number of orphans.<strong> Objective:</strong> To examine the effect of nutritional intervention on one-year period of stunting and/or emaciated status.<strong> Methods:</strong> Study setting: Twenty-eight girls aged 5 - 19 years old were in the care of <em>Grace Girls<em>’</em></em> <em>Home</em>, an orphanage for girls located in the port town of Trincomalee, Sri Lanka, at the time of the survey. Nineteen of them had two available anthropometric measurements recorded over one year of follow-up. Anthropometric measurements were obtained prior to the intervention of nutritional mentoring to the local caregivers, and one year after intervention. Height-for-age, weight-for-age, and BMI-for-age z-scores were calculated using SMART methodology. Nutritional consultancy recommended an additional 15 - 20 grams of high quality protein per day, which was given to the girls. The kitchen team was encouraged to regularly prepare a variety of pulse-based dishes, using local foods and recipes. The local palm oil, rich in saturated fatty acids, was replaced with sunflower oil, rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. <strong>Results:</strong> Stunting was decreased from Height to age Z-score (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−</span></span>1.19 ± 0.94) to (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−</span></span>0.90 ± 1.06) (P = 0.016), and BMI Z-score from (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−</span></span>0.80 ± 0.79) to (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−</span></span>0.50 ± 0.74) (P = 0.004). <strong>Conclusions: </strong>A single nutritional education intervention, culturally adapted and implemented by the local caregivers, can decrease stunting in orphans within one year.
文摘Objective: To examine the relationship of the initial manifestation of pubertal development in children to anthropometric measurements recorded during the early childhood and adolescence. Methods: The Fels Longitudinal study is an observational study of growth and development of healthy white children. A total of 109 boys and 75 girls with serial self-assessments of Tanner stages of genital/breast and pubic hair developments provided data for a longitudinal analysis with a linear mixed model. Results: About 11.0% of boys and 22.7% of girls witnessed the appearance of pubic hair (adrenarche) prior to the onset of genital/breast growth (gonadarche/thelarche) and about 13.7% of boys and 22.7% of girls experienced the onset of gonadarche/thelarche prior to adrenarche. The remaining 75.3% of boys and 54.7% of girls were concordant for adrenarche and gonadarche/thelarche. During the first two years of life, boys and girls with earlier gonadarche and thelarche than adrenarche were found to have more rapid weight gain than those with earlier adrenarche than gonadarche/thelarche. During early childhood from age 2 - 7 years, those girls with early thelarche had higher body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference to height ratio (waist/ height) than those with early adrenarche. In children of ages 8 - 20, girls with early gonadarche had higher BMI z-scores than those with early adrenarche. Conclusion: Girls with early thelarche and later adrenarche, have more rapid mean weight gain during the first two years of life, higher BMI and waist/height during early childhood, and higher BMI z-scores during adolescence. Boys with early gonadarche and later adrenarche experienced more rapid weight gain during the first two years of life than boys with early adrenarche and later gonadarche. In other words, girls with early thelarche are more likely to be triggered by early accumulation of fat mass than those with early adrenarche.
文摘Aims: This study compares the WHO (2007) and the National Health Examination Survey (NHANES III) reference intervals and investigates the differences when applied on a Canadian cohort of older children and adolescents. Methods: We calculated height, weight and BMI z-scores of 4375 consecutive patients (1993 female, 45.6%) aged 5 - 20 years attending outpatient clinics at a single tertiary care centre using reference data of the latest NHANES (III) survey and the WHO (2007) growth charts. To address age dependency, data was stratified into age groups. Results: Using the NHANES III reference intervals, medians of weight (+0.46), height (+0.29) and BMI z-scores (+0.46) were significantly non-zero. The WHO (2007) growth charts yielded medians of +2.05, +0.32, +0.53 for weight, height and BMI z-scores respectively, all significantly non-zero. When comparing both growth charts, Canadian children had significantly different weight and BMI z-scores (p 95th percentile) doubled from 8.6% to 16.0%. A significant age dependency was observed with higher WHO (2007) weight z-scores (>7 years) and higher BMI z-scores (7 to 13 years) and no significant difference was observed for height z-scores across all age groups. Gender differences were observed for weight z-scores (>9 years) and BMI (males: 9 - 11 years, p = 0.0118;11 - 13 years, p = 0.0069) whereas no significant difference was found in height z-scores across all age groups. Conclusion: Our results reveal substantial differences between both reference populations and thus interpretation needs be done with caution, especially when labelling results as abnormal.
文摘目的探索我国学龄儿童奶类摄入水平与超重肥胖关系。方法采用多阶段整群抽样,选取中国八地区742名学龄儿童,展开横断面调查。采用多重线性回归和多元Logistic回归分析学龄儿童奶类摄入水平与超重肥胖相关指标间的关系。结果调查儿童超重、肥胖率分别为16.5%和9.0%。奶类消费者占总数84.4%,酸奶消费者(71.0%)高于全脂液体奶消费者(58.6%)及低脂脱脂奶消费者(18.9%)。调查儿童奶类总摄入程度和全脂液体奶摄入程度与年龄别体质指数Z评分(body mass index for age Z-score,BAZ)均呈正相关(均有P<0.05)。结论学龄儿童奶类总摄入程度及全脂液体奶摄入程度与BAZ呈正相关,建议该人群适当增加低脂脱脂奶和酸奶的摄入比例。
