AIM:To compare the mucosal concentrations of 5-aminosalicylic acid(5-ASA)resulting from different pharmaceutical formulations and analyse the influence of inflammation on the mucosal concentrations.METHODS:The study i...AIM:To compare the mucosal concentrations of 5-aminosalicylic acid(5-ASA)resulting from different pharmaceutical formulations and analyse the influence of inflammation on the mucosal concentrations.METHODS:The study included 130 inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)patients receiving 5-ASA as pH-dependent-release formulations(73 patients),time-dependent-release formulations(11 patients),or pro-drugs(18patients).In addition,28 patients were receiving topical treatment(2-4 g/d)with pH-dependent-release formulations.Endoscopic biopsies were obtained from the sigmoid region during the colonoscopy.The 5-ASA concentrations(ng/mg)were measured in tissue homogenatesusing high-pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.The t test and Mann-Whitney test,when appropriate,were used for statistical analysis.RESULTS:Patients receiving pH-dependent-release formulations showed significantly higher mucosal concentrations of 5-ASA(51.75±5.72 ng/mg)compared with patients receiving pro-drugs(33.35±5.78 ng/mg,P=0.01)or time-dependent-release formulations(38.24±5.53 ng/mg,P=0.04).Patients with endoscopic remission had significantly higher mucosal concentrations of5-ASA than patients with active disease(60.14±7.95ng/mg vs 35.66±5.68 ng/mg,P=0.02).Similar results were obtained when we compared patients with the histological appearance of remission and patients with active histological inflammation(67.53±9.22 ng/mg vs 35.53±5.63 ng/mg,P<0.001).Significantly higher mucosal concentrations of 5-ASA were detected in patients treated with both oral and topical treatments in combination compared with patients who received oral treatment with pH-dependent-release formulations alone(72.33±11.23 ng/mg vs 51.75±5.72 ng/mg,P=0.03).CONCLUSION:IBD patients showed significant variability in mucosal 5-ASA concentrations depending on the type of formulation,and the highest mean concentration was achieved using pH-dependent-release formulations.展开更多
Vanadium-based cathodes have attracted great interest in aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)due to their large capacities,good rate performance and facile synthesis in large scale.However,their practical application is ...Vanadium-based cathodes have attracted great interest in aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)due to their large capacities,good rate performance and facile synthesis in large scale.However,their practical application is greatly hampered by vanadium dissolution issue in conventional dilute electrolytes.Herein,taking a new potassium vanadate K0.486V2O5(KVO)cathode with large interlayer spacing(~0.95 nm)and high capacity as an example,we propose that the cycle life of vanadates can be greatly upgraded in AZIBs by regulating the concentration of ZnCl2 electrolyte,but with no need to approach“water-in-salt”threshold.With the optimized moderate concentration of 15 m ZnCl2 electrolyte,the KVO exhibits the best cycling stability with ~95.02% capacity retention after 1400 cycles.We further design a novel sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC)-moderate concentration ZnCl2 gel electrolyte with high ionic conductivity of 10.08 mS cm^-1 for the first time and assemble a quasi-solid-state AZIB.This device is bendable with remarkable energy density(268.2 Wh kg^−1),excellent stability(97.35% after 2800 cycles),low self-discharge rate,and good environmental(temperature,pressure)suitability,and is capable of powering small electronics.The device also exhibits good electrochemical performance with high KVO mass loading(5 and 10 mg cm^-2).Our work sheds light on the feasibility of using moderately concentrated electrolyte to address the stability issue of aqueous soluble electrode materials.展开更多
Template-free nanosized ZSM-5 seeds with an average size of 15 nm were prepared from a synthesis solution with the composition 12Na2O∶100SiO2∶2Al2O3∶2500H2O. By the use of these seeds, thin ZSM-5 zeolite membranes ...Template-free nanosized ZSM-5 seeds with an average size of 15 nm were prepared from a synthesis solution with the composition 12Na2O∶100SiO2∶2Al2O3∶2500H2O. By the use of these seeds, thin ZSM-5 zeolite membranes were prepared on the outer surface of a porous α-alumina tube with a pore size of 2 μm in a gel system by varying-concentration synthesis with organic-free template. The first composition synthesis sol-gel was the same as seeds of molar composition and the second one was 12Na2O∶100SiO2∶2Al2O3∶5000H2O at 180 ℃ for 10 h, respectively. XRD shows that the film consists of well-crystallized ZSM-5 zeolite. SEM investigation indicats that the zeolite films on the supports are defect free and the film thickness is approximately 8 μm. The permeances for H2, N2, CH4 and CO2 are 8.94×10-7, 3.27×10-7, 3.9×10-7, 3.14×10-7 and 0.874×10-7 mol·m2·s-1·Pa-1, respectively. The ideal selectivity of membrane at room temperature for H2/CO2, H2/N2, H2/CH4 are 2.84, 2.73 and 2.29, respectively.展开更多
文摘AIM:To compare the mucosal concentrations of 5-aminosalicylic acid(5-ASA)resulting from different pharmaceutical formulations and analyse the influence of inflammation on the mucosal concentrations.METHODS:The study included 130 inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)patients receiving 5-ASA as pH-dependent-release formulations(73 patients),time-dependent-release formulations(11 patients),or pro-drugs(18patients).In addition,28 patients were receiving topical treatment(2-4 g/d)with pH-dependent-release formulations.Endoscopic biopsies were obtained from the sigmoid region during the colonoscopy.The 5-ASA concentrations(ng/mg)were measured in tissue homogenatesusing high-pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.The t test and Mann-Whitney test,when appropriate,were used for statistical analysis.RESULTS:Patients receiving pH-dependent-release formulations showed significantly higher mucosal concentrations of 5-ASA(51.75±5.72 ng/mg)compared with patients receiving pro-drugs(33.35±5.78 ng/mg,P=0.01)or time-dependent-release formulations(38.24±5.53 ng/mg,P=0.04).Patients with endoscopic remission had significantly higher mucosal concentrations of5-ASA than patients with active disease(60.14±7.95ng/mg vs 35.66±5.68 ng/mg,P=0.02).Similar results were obtained when we compared patients with the histological appearance of remission and patients with active histological inflammation(67.53±9.22 ng/mg vs 35.53±5.63 ng/mg,P<0.001).Significantly higher mucosal concentrations of 5-ASA were detected in patients treated with both oral and topical treatments in combination compared with patients who received oral treatment with pH-dependent-release formulations alone(72.33±11.23 ng/mg vs 51.75±5.72 ng/mg,P=0.03).CONCLUSION:IBD patients showed significant variability in mucosal 5-ASA concentrations depending on the type of formulation,and the highest mean concentration was achieved using pH-dependent-release formulations.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51872104,51972257 and 51672205)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2016YFA0202602)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2018CFB581).
文摘Vanadium-based cathodes have attracted great interest in aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)due to their large capacities,good rate performance and facile synthesis in large scale.However,their practical application is greatly hampered by vanadium dissolution issue in conventional dilute electrolytes.Herein,taking a new potassium vanadate K0.486V2O5(KVO)cathode with large interlayer spacing(~0.95 nm)and high capacity as an example,we propose that the cycle life of vanadates can be greatly upgraded in AZIBs by regulating the concentration of ZnCl2 electrolyte,but with no need to approach“water-in-salt”threshold.With the optimized moderate concentration of 15 m ZnCl2 electrolyte,the KVO exhibits the best cycling stability with ~95.02% capacity retention after 1400 cycles.We further design a novel sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC)-moderate concentration ZnCl2 gel electrolyte with high ionic conductivity of 10.08 mS cm^-1 for the first time and assemble a quasi-solid-state AZIB.This device is bendable with remarkable energy density(268.2 Wh kg^−1),excellent stability(97.35% after 2800 cycles),low self-discharge rate,and good environmental(temperature,pressure)suitability,and is capable of powering small electronics.The device also exhibits good electrochemical performance with high KVO mass loading(5 and 10 mg cm^-2).Our work sheds light on the feasibility of using moderately concentrated electrolyte to address the stability issue of aqueous soluble electrode materials.
基金This work was financially supported by the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of High Education (SRFDP)(No.B20020288015).
文摘Template-free nanosized ZSM-5 seeds with an average size of 15 nm were prepared from a synthesis solution with the composition 12Na2O∶100SiO2∶2Al2O3∶2500H2O. By the use of these seeds, thin ZSM-5 zeolite membranes were prepared on the outer surface of a porous α-alumina tube with a pore size of 2 μm in a gel system by varying-concentration synthesis with organic-free template. The first composition synthesis sol-gel was the same as seeds of molar composition and the second one was 12Na2O∶100SiO2∶2Al2O3∶5000H2O at 180 ℃ for 10 h, respectively. XRD shows that the film consists of well-crystallized ZSM-5 zeolite. SEM investigation indicats that the zeolite films on the supports are defect free and the film thickness is approximately 8 μm. The permeances for H2, N2, CH4 and CO2 are 8.94×10-7, 3.27×10-7, 3.9×10-7, 3.14×10-7 and 0.874×10-7 mol·m2·s-1·Pa-1, respectively. The ideal selectivity of membrane at room temperature for H2/CO2, H2/N2, H2/CH4 are 2.84, 2.73 and 2.29, respectively.