Brain functional networks model the brain's ability to exchange information across different regions,aiding in the understanding of the cognitive process of human visual attention during target searching,thereby c...Brain functional networks model the brain's ability to exchange information across different regions,aiding in the understanding of the cognitive process of human visual attention during target searching,thereby contributing to the advancement of camouflage evaluation.In this study,images with various camouflage effects were presented to observers to generate electroencephalography(EEG)signals,which were then used to construct a brain functional network.The topological parameters of the network were subsequently extracted and input into a machine learning model for training.The results indicate that most of the classifiers achieved accuracy rates exceeding 70%.Specifically,the Logistic algorithm achieved an accuracy of 81.67%.Therefore,it is possible to predict target camouflage effectiveness with high accuracy without the need to calculate discovery probability.The proposed method fully considers the aspects of human visual and cognitive processes,overcomes the subjectivity of human interpretation,and achieves stable and reliable accuracy.展开更多
Previous studies have shown that berberine has neuroprotective effects against Alzheimer’s disease,including antagonizing tau phosphorylation,and inhibiting acetylcholinesterase activity and neural cell apoptosis.How...Previous studies have shown that berberine has neuroprotective effects against Alzheimer’s disease,including antagonizing tau phosphorylation,and inhibiting acetylcholinesterase activity and neural cell apoptosis.However,its low bioavailability and adverse reactions with conventional administration limit its clinical application.In this study,we prepared berberine nanoliposomes using liposomes characterized by low toxicity,high entrapment efficiency,and biodegradability,and modified them with lactoferrin.Lactoferrin-modified berberine nanoliposomes had uniform particle size and high entrapment efficiency.We used the lactoferrin-modified berberine nanoliposomes to treat a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease established by injection of amyloid-beta 1-42 into the lateral ventricle.Lactoferrin-modified berberine nanoliposomes inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity and apoptosis in the hippocampus,reduced tau over-phosphorylation in the cerebral cortex,and improved mouse behavior.These findings suggest that modification with lactoferrin can enhance the neuroprotective effects of berberine nanoliposomes in Alzheimer’s disease.展开更多
Radiation encephalopathy is the main complication of cranial radiotherapy. It can cause necrosis of brain tissue and cognitive dysfunction. Our previous work had proved that a natural antioxidant shikonin possessed pr...Radiation encephalopathy is the main complication of cranial radiotherapy. It can cause necrosis of brain tissue and cognitive dysfunction. Our previous work had proved that a natural antioxidant shikonin possessed protective effect on cerebral ischemic injury. Here we investigated the effects of shikonin on carbon ion beam induced radiation brain injury in mice. Pretreatment with shikonin significantly increased the SOD and CAT activities and the ratio of GSH/GSSG in mouse brain tissues compared with irradiated group (P〈0.01), while obviously reduced the MDA and PCO contents and the RO$ levels derived from of the brain mitochondria.展开更多
Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) use in the treatment of isch- emic stroke: tPA is a serine protease that catalyzes the breakdown of blood dots. Because of its thrombolytic properties, tPA is used to treat specif...Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) use in the treatment of isch- emic stroke: tPA is a serine protease that catalyzes the breakdown of blood dots. Because of its thrombolytic properties, tPA is used to treat specific types of stroke, including ischemia, but is contra- indicated for treatment of hemorrhagic stroke or head trauma. Although a life saving and powerful 'dot buster', tPA has a short therapeutic window. When administered outside of this prescribed timeframe, research suggests that tPA can produce neurotoxic ef- fects in the brain, due in part to activation of several signalling pro- cesses associated with cell apoptosis, degradation of the extracel- lular matrix, and increase in the permeability of the neurovascular unit (Yepes et al., 2009). Concerted research has been dedicated to- ward understanding the mechanisms mediating the impact of tPA on the brain, using both in vivo and in vitro animal models.展开更多
Traumatic brain injury(TBI)remains one of the leading causes of disability and death in infants and children.Studies have demonstrated that the youngest age group(especially≤4 years old)exhibit worse functional o...Traumatic brain injury(TBI)remains one of the leading causes of disability and death in infants and children.Studies have demonstrated that the youngest age group(especially≤4 years old)exhibit worse functional outcome following moderate to severe TBI compared to older children or adults(Anderson et al.,2005;Emami et al.,2017).These data suggest that age-at-injury may be an important determinant of outcome,展开更多
BACKGROUND: The fluidity of cell membrane can be affected by various factors. Many experiments have confirmed that the ischemia/reperfusion of organic tissue can increase the contents of free radicals, which lead to h...BACKGROUND: The fluidity of cell membrane can be affected by various factors. Many experiments have confirmed that the ischemia/reperfusion of organic tissue can increase the contents of free radicals, which lead to high rigidity and low fluidity of cell membrane, and the conditions can be changed by Chuanxiongqin. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect and mechanism of Chuanxiongqin hydrochloride on the fluidity of brain cell membrane in rat models of ischemia/reperfusion. DESIGN: A completely randomized controlled animal trial. SETTINGS: Institute of Brain Sciences; Department of Physiology, Medical College, Datong University. MATERIALS: Twenty male grade Ⅰ Wistar rats of 170-220 g were randomly divided into model group (n =10) and control group (n =10). Chuanxiongqin hydrochloride (molecular mass was 172.2) was purchased from the National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products (batch number: 0817-9803); Spin labelers: 5-doxyl-stearlic acid methylester (5DS), 16-doxyl-stearlic acid methylester (16DS), xanthine, xanthine oxidase (XOD) and 5,5-dimeth-1-pyrroline- N-oxide (DMPO) from Sigma Company; Bruker ESP 300 electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometer by Bruker Company (Germany). METHODS: The experiments were carried out in the State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University from June 2001 to July 2002. In the model group, rats were made into models of cerebral ischemia by 30-minute ligation and 2-hour reperfusion of common carotid arteries; The rats in the control group were not made into models. The order parameter (S) and rotational correlation time (τc) were detected with the ESR spectrometer by means of spin labeling. The greater the S and τc, the smaller the fluidity. Meanwhile, the clearance rate of free radicals was detected with ESR spin trapping. The measurement data were compared using the t test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The S, τc and clearance rates of O2 · and OH· free radicals were compared between the model group and control group. RESULTS: The S and τc in the model group [0.738 4±0.003 5; (8.472±0.027)×10-10 s/circle] were obviously different from those in the control group [0.683 9±0.008 3; (7.945±0.082)×10-10 s/circle, t =5.731, 5.918, P < 0.05], which suggested that ischemia/reperfusion injury decreased the fluidity of brain cell membrane. After adding Chuanxiongqin hydrochloride, there were no obvious differences between the model group [0.688 5±0.030 5; (7.886±0.341)×10-10 s/circle] and control group (P > 0.05), indicating that Chuanxiongqin hydrochloride could recover the fluidity of brain cell membrane after ischemia/reperfusion injury close to the level in the normal control group. Chuanxiongqin hydrochloride could directly scavenge the O2 · and OH· free radicals, and the maximal clearance rates were 83.92% and 44.99% respectively. CONCLUSION: Chuanxiongqin hydrochloride increases the fluidity of membrane of ischemia-injured brain cell by scavenging both O2 ·and OH· free radicals.展开更多
Terahertz biotechnology has been increasingly applied in various biomedical fields and has especially shown great potential for application in brain sciences.In this article,we review the development of terahertz biot...Terahertz biotechnology has been increasingly applied in various biomedical fields and has especially shown great potential for application in brain sciences.In this article,we review the development of terahertz biotechnology and its applications in the field of neuropsychiatry.Available evidence indicates promising prospects for the use of terahertz spectroscopy and terahertz imaging techniques in the diagnosis of amyloid disease,cerebrovascular disease,glioma,psychiatric disease,traumatic brain injury,and myelin deficit.In vitro and animal experiments have also demonstrated the potential therapeutic value of terahertz technology in some neuropsychiatric diseases.Although the precise underlying mechanism of the interactions between terahertz electromagnetic waves and the biosystem is not yet fully understood,the research progress in this field shows great potential for biomedical noninvasive diagnostic and therapeutic applications.However,the biosafety of terahertz radiation requires further exploration regarding its two-sided efficacy in practical applications.This review demonstrates that terahertz biotechnology has the potential to be a promising method in the field of neuropsychiatry based on its unique advantages.展开更多
Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is the main cause of disability,mental health disorder,and even death,with its incidence and social costs rising steadily.Although different treatment strategies have been developed and test...Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is the main cause of disability,mental health disorder,and even death,with its incidence and social costs rising steadily.Although different treatment strategies have been developed and tested to mitigate neurological decline,a definitive cure for these conditions remains elusive.Studies have revealed that vari-ous neurotrophins represented by the brain-derived neurotrophic factor are the key regulators of neuroinflammation,apoptosis,blood-brain barrier permeability,neurite regeneration,and memory function.These factors are instrumental in alleviating neu-roinflammation and promoting neuroregeneration.In addition,neural stem cells(NSC)contribute to nerve repair through inherent neuroprotective and immunomodulatory properties,the release of neurotrophins,the activation of endogenous NSCs,and in-tercellular signaling.Notably,innovative research proposals are emerging to combine BDNF and NSCs,enabling them to synergistically complement and promote each other in facilitating injury repair and improving neuron differentiation after TBI.In this review,we summarize the mechanism of neurotrophins in promoting neurogen-esis and restoring neural function after TBI,comprehensively explore the potential therapeutic effects of various neurotrophins in basic research on TBI,and investigate their interaction with NSCs.This endeavor aims to provide a valuable insight into the clinical treatment and transformation of neurotrophins in TBI,thereby promoting the progress of TBI therapeutics.展开更多
The inhibition and the recovery of brain AChE, BuChE, and NTE activities after acute and subacute administration of DFP were studied in the rat. DFP displayed different specificities in inhibiting these enzymes; inhib...The inhibition and the recovery of brain AChE, BuChE, and NTE activities after acute and subacute administration of DFP were studied in the rat. DFP displayed different specificities in inhibiting these enzymes; inhibition was greatest for BuChE followed by AChE and NTE. Recovery was most rapid for BuChE followed by NTE and AChE. The recovery rates of AChE and BuChE following acute and subacute treatment were similar. However, the recovery rate of NTE in subacutely treated rats was significantly faster than that in acutely treated rats. The results suggest that DFP inhibits these three enzymes and the rates of regeneration of these enzymes are significantly different. (c)1989 Academic Press, Inc.展开更多
Male Sprague-Dawley rats administered xylene intrapetitoneally on alternate days at a dose of 125 or 250mg/kg for 30 days exhibited no marked changes in locomotor activity, learning and memory capacity. However in rat...Male Sprague-Dawley rats administered xylene intrapetitoneally on alternate days at a dose of 125 or 250mg/kg for 30 days exhibited no marked changes in locomotor activity, learning and memory capacity. However in rats given xylene on alternate day at a dose of 500 mg/kg for 30 days, a significant decrease in locomotor activity, deficits in leaming ability and memory loss were detected. These xylene-induced behavioral ehanges were assoryiated with a decrease in fyendorphin and leuenkaphlin concentrations in the pons-medulla. On the contrary, xylene at a dose of 500mg/kg increased the β-endorphin level in caudate and c-fos expression in hippocampus. These data suggest that the xylene-induced behavioral alterations might be associated with the expression of Fos protein in the hippocampus.展开更多
Lead (Pb) inhibited the activities of Na+ -K+ ATPase (IC50= 2.0×10^(-6) M), K + -Para-Nitrophenyl phosphatase (PNPPase) (IC50= 3.5×10^(-6) M) and [3H]-ouabain binding (IC50 = 4.0×10^(-5) M) in rat brain...Lead (Pb) inhibited the activities of Na+ -K+ ATPase (IC50= 2.0×10^(-6) M), K + -Para-Nitrophenyl phosphatase (PNPPase) (IC50= 3.5×10^(-6) M) and [3H]-ouabain binding (IC50 = 4.0×10^(-5) M) in rat brain P2 fraction. A variable temperature or pH significantly elevated the inhibition of Na+-K+ ATPase by Pb in buffered acidic, neutral and alkaline pH ranges. Noncompetitive inhibition with respect to activation of Na+ -K+ ATPase by ATP was indicated by a variation in Vmax values with no significant changes in Km values at any temperature studied. In the presence of Pb, for Na+ -K+ ATPase at pH 6.5 and 8.5, Vmax was decreased with an increase in Km values suggesting a mixed type of inhibition. Sulfhydryl agents such as dithiothreitol (DTT) and cvsteine (Cyst), but not glutathione (GSH) offered varied levels of protection against Pb-inhibition of Na + -K+ ATPase at pH 7.5 and 8.5. The present data suggest that inhibition of Na+ -K+ ATPase by Pb is both temperature and pH-dependent. These results also indicate that Pb inhibited Na + -K + ATPase by interfering with phosphorylation of enzyme molecule and dephosphorylation of the enzyme-phosphoryl complex and exerted an effect similar to that of SH-blocking agents.展开更多
The neuroimmune system of the brain:Early studies(1990’s)on the neurological consequences of human immunodeficiency virus-1(HIV-1)infection in the brain were instrumental in establishing that specific brain cell type...The neuroimmune system of the brain:Early studies(1990’s)on the neurological consequences of human immunodeficiency virus-1(HIV-1)infection in the brain were instrumental in establishing that specific brain cell types can function as an innate immune system within the brain and in that role influence cognitive function(Kaul et al.,2005).展开更多
Rats of both sexes were fed on a basal feed containing 1% refined konjac meal (RKM) for 18 months and the effects of RKM on the cell aging were observed. A comparable group fed on the basic feed was used as the contro...Rats of both sexes were fed on a basal feed containing 1% refined konjac meal (RKM) for 18 months and the effects of RKM on the cell aging were observed. A comparable group fed on the basic feed was used as the control. Results obtained demonstrate that the long-term feeding of RKM to rats can delay the course of cell aging of the gliocyte, cadiomyocyte, and the endothelial cell of the large and medium arteriases, hence it is likely to delay the occurrence of arteriosclerosis and improve the functions of the brain, heart and vascular system.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic effects of radiosurgery on brain tumor using 99Tcm-MIBI brain single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Methods: Fifteen normal volunteers and 49 patients with brain tu...Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic effects of radiosurgery on brain tumor using 99Tcm-MIBI brain single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Methods: Fifteen normal volunteers and 49 patients with brain tumor underwent 99Tcm-MIBI brain SPECT, and the tumor to non-tumor ratio (T/N) was calculated and compared before and after radiosurgery. The patients were regrouped according to different schedules for postoperative reexamination, and diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 99Tcm-MIBI SPECT evaluated against that of conventional CT and magnetic resonance imaging. Results: After radiosurgery, the lesions were reduced or even disappeared in 22 cases, and tumor remnants or recurrence were found in 27 cases. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 'Tc''-MIBI brain SPECT were 85. 2%, 68. 2% and 77. 6% , respectively. The sensitivity of postoperative 99Tcm-MIBI brain SPECT at 5. 8 months was 92% , significantly higher than that at 3. 1 months (89% , u = 2. 2545, P<0. 05) , and its accuracy展开更多
Objective To explore effects of decompressive craniectomy on cerebral blood flow volume and brain metabolism in different aged patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Methods 71 cases were divided into three grou...Objective To explore effects of decompressive craniectomy on cerebral blood flow volume and brain metabolism in different aged patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Methods 71 cases were divided into three groups according age: group A( 【 30 years) ,group B ( 30 ~ 50 years) 。展开更多
Objective To evaluate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on Glasgow Coma Scale (GCC) after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in patients. Methods One hundred and thirty-eight patients with traumatic brain inju...Objective To evaluate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on Glasgow Coma Scale (GCC) after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in patients. Methods One hundred and thirty-eight patients with traumatic brain injury were treated by routine therapy combined with HBOT and 29 patients by routine therapy.展开更多
The progress of modern medicine would be impossible without the use of general anesthetics(GAs).Despite advancements in refining anesthesia approaches,the effects of GAs are not fully reversible upon GA withdrawal.Neu...The progress of modern medicine would be impossible without the use of general anesthetics(GAs).Despite advancements in refining anesthesia approaches,the effects of GAs are not fully reversible upon GA withdrawal.Neurocognitive deficiencies attributed to GA exposure may persist in neonates or endure for weeks to years in the elderly.Human studies on the mechanisms of the long-term adverse effects of GAs are needed to improve the safety of general anesthesia but they are hampered not only by ethical limitations specific to human research,but also by a lack of specific biological markers that can be used in human studies to safely and objectively study such effects.The latter can primarily be attributed to an insufficient understanding of the full range of the biological effects induced by GAs and the molecular mechanisms mediating such effects even in rodents,which are far more extensively studied than any other species.Our most recent experimental findings in rodents suggest that GAs may adversely affect many more people than is currently anticipated.Specifically,we have shown that anesthesia with the commonly used GA sevoflurane induces in exposed animals not only neuroendocrine abnormalities(somatic effects),but also epigenetic reprogramming of germ cells(germ cell effects).The latter may pass the neurobehavioral effects of parental sevoflurane exposure to the offspring,who may be affected even at levels of anesthesia that are not harmful to the exposed parents.The large number of patients who require general anesthesia,the even larger number of their future unexposed offspring whose health may be affected,and a growing number of neurodevelopmental disorders of unknown etiology underscore the translational importance of investigating the intergenerational effects of GAs.In this mini review,we discuss emerging experimental findings on neuroendocrine,epigenetic,and intergenerational effects of GAs.展开更多
There are many documented sex differences in the clinical course,symptom expression profile,and treatment response of Parkinson’s disease,creating additional challenges for patient management.Although subthalamic nuc...There are many documented sex differences in the clinical course,symptom expression profile,and treatment response of Parkinson’s disease,creating additional challenges for patient management.Although subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation is an established therapy for Parkinson’s disease,the effects of sex on treatment outcome are still unclear.The aim of this retrospective observational study,was to examine sex differences in motor symptoms,nonmotor symptoms,and quality of life after subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation.Outcome measures were evaluated at 1 and 12 months post-operation in 90 patients with Parkinson’s disease undergoing subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation aged 63.00±8.01 years(55 men and 35 women).Outcomes of clinical evaluations were compared between sexes via a Student’s t-test and within sex via a paired-sample t-test,and generalized linear models were established to identify factors associated with treatment efficacy and intensity for each sex.We found that subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation could improve motor symptoms in men but not women in the on-medication condition at 1 and 12 months post-operation.Restless legs syndrome was alleviated to a greater extent in men than in women.Women demonstrated poorer quality of life at baseline and achieved less improvement of quality of life than men after subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation.Furthermore,Hoehn-Yahr stage was positively correlated with the treatment response in men,while levodopa equivalent dose at 12 months post-operation was negatively correlated with motor improvement in women.In conclusion,women received less benefit from subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation than men in terms of motor symptoms,non-motor symptoms,and quality of life.We found sex-specific factors,i.e.,Hoehn-Yahr stage and levodopa equivalent dose,that were related to motor improvements.These findings may help to guide subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation patient selection,prognosis,and stimulation programming for optimal therapeutic efficacy in Parkinson’s disease.展开更多
基金sponsored by the National Defense Science and Technology Key Laboratory Fund(Grant No.61422062205)the Equipment Pre-Research Fund(Grant No.JCKYS2022LD9)。
文摘Brain functional networks model the brain's ability to exchange information across different regions,aiding in the understanding of the cognitive process of human visual attention during target searching,thereby contributing to the advancement of camouflage evaluation.In this study,images with various camouflage effects were presented to observers to generate electroencephalography(EEG)signals,which were then used to construct a brain functional network.The topological parameters of the network were subsequently extracted and input into a machine learning model for training.The results indicate that most of the classifiers achieved accuracy rates exceeding 70%.Specifically,the Logistic algorithm achieved an accuracy of 81.67%.Therefore,it is possible to predict target camouflage effectiveness with high accuracy without the need to calculate discovery probability.The proposed method fully considers the aspects of human visual and cognitive processes,overcomes the subjectivity of human interpretation,and achieves stable and reliable accuracy.
基金financially supported by Shenzhen Sanming Project of Medicine and Health, No. SZSM201612049 (to KJC)the Shenzhen Municipal Basic Research Project for Discipline Layout of China, No. JCYJ20170413161352000 (to YHL)Guangdong Basic Research Project, No. 2020A1515011427 (to ZZW)
文摘Previous studies have shown that berberine has neuroprotective effects against Alzheimer’s disease,including antagonizing tau phosphorylation,and inhibiting acetylcholinesterase activity and neural cell apoptosis.However,its low bioavailability and adverse reactions with conventional administration limit its clinical application.In this study,we prepared berberine nanoliposomes using liposomes characterized by low toxicity,high entrapment efficiency,and biodegradability,and modified them with lactoferrin.Lactoferrin-modified berberine nanoliposomes had uniform particle size and high entrapment efficiency.We used the lactoferrin-modified berberine nanoliposomes to treat a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease established by injection of amyloid-beta 1-42 into the lateral ventricle.Lactoferrin-modified berberine nanoliposomes inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity and apoptosis in the hippocampus,reduced tau over-phosphorylation in the cerebral cortex,and improved mouse behavior.These findings suggest that modification with lactoferrin can enhance the neuroprotective effects of berberine nanoliposomes in Alzheimer’s disease.
基金supported by Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1432248)National Natural Science Foundation of China(11175222,11305226)
文摘Radiation encephalopathy is the main complication of cranial radiotherapy. It can cause necrosis of brain tissue and cognitive dysfunction. Our previous work had proved that a natural antioxidant shikonin possessed protective effect on cerebral ischemic injury. Here we investigated the effects of shikonin on carbon ion beam induced radiation brain injury in mice. Pretreatment with shikonin significantly increased the SOD and CAT activities and the ratio of GSH/GSSG in mouse brain tissues compared with irradiated group (P〈0.01), while obviously reduced the MDA and PCO contents and the RO$ levels derived from of the brain mitochondria.
文摘Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) use in the treatment of isch- emic stroke: tPA is a serine protease that catalyzes the breakdown of blood dots. Because of its thrombolytic properties, tPA is used to treat specific types of stroke, including ischemia, but is contra- indicated for treatment of hemorrhagic stroke or head trauma. Although a life saving and powerful 'dot buster', tPA has a short therapeutic window. When administered outside of this prescribed timeframe, research suggests that tPA can produce neurotoxic ef- fects in the brain, due in part to activation of several signalling pro- cesses associated with cell apoptosis, degradation of the extracel- lular matrix, and increase in the permeability of the neurovascular unit (Yepes et al., 2009). Concerted research has been dedicated to- ward understanding the mechanisms mediating the impact of tPA on the brain, using both in vivo and in vitro animal models.
文摘Traumatic brain injury(TBI)remains one of the leading causes of disability and death in infants and children.Studies have demonstrated that the youngest age group(especially≤4 years old)exhibit worse functional outcome following moderate to severe TBI compared to older children or adults(Anderson et al.,2005;Emami et al.,2017).These data suggest that age-at-injury may be an important determinant of outcome,
文摘BACKGROUND: The fluidity of cell membrane can be affected by various factors. Many experiments have confirmed that the ischemia/reperfusion of organic tissue can increase the contents of free radicals, which lead to high rigidity and low fluidity of cell membrane, and the conditions can be changed by Chuanxiongqin. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect and mechanism of Chuanxiongqin hydrochloride on the fluidity of brain cell membrane in rat models of ischemia/reperfusion. DESIGN: A completely randomized controlled animal trial. SETTINGS: Institute of Brain Sciences; Department of Physiology, Medical College, Datong University. MATERIALS: Twenty male grade Ⅰ Wistar rats of 170-220 g were randomly divided into model group (n =10) and control group (n =10). Chuanxiongqin hydrochloride (molecular mass was 172.2) was purchased from the National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products (batch number: 0817-9803); Spin labelers: 5-doxyl-stearlic acid methylester (5DS), 16-doxyl-stearlic acid methylester (16DS), xanthine, xanthine oxidase (XOD) and 5,5-dimeth-1-pyrroline- N-oxide (DMPO) from Sigma Company; Bruker ESP 300 electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometer by Bruker Company (Germany). METHODS: The experiments were carried out in the State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University from June 2001 to July 2002. In the model group, rats were made into models of cerebral ischemia by 30-minute ligation and 2-hour reperfusion of common carotid arteries; The rats in the control group were not made into models. The order parameter (S) and rotational correlation time (τc) were detected with the ESR spectrometer by means of spin labeling. The greater the S and τc, the smaller the fluidity. Meanwhile, the clearance rate of free radicals was detected with ESR spin trapping. The measurement data were compared using the t test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The S, τc and clearance rates of O2 · and OH· free radicals were compared between the model group and control group. RESULTS: The S and τc in the model group [0.738 4±0.003 5; (8.472±0.027)×10-10 s/circle] were obviously different from those in the control group [0.683 9±0.008 3; (7.945±0.082)×10-10 s/circle, t =5.731, 5.918, P < 0.05], which suggested that ischemia/reperfusion injury decreased the fluidity of brain cell membrane. After adding Chuanxiongqin hydrochloride, there were no obvious differences between the model group [0.688 5±0.030 5; (7.886±0.341)×10-10 s/circle] and control group (P > 0.05), indicating that Chuanxiongqin hydrochloride could recover the fluidity of brain cell membrane after ischemia/reperfusion injury close to the level in the normal control group. Chuanxiongqin hydrochloride could directly scavenge the O2 · and OH· free radicals, and the maximal clearance rates were 83.92% and 44.99% respectively. CONCLUSION: Chuanxiongqin hydrochloride increases the fluidity of membrane of ischemia-injured brain cell by scavenging both O2 ·and OH· free radicals.
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China,No.2017YFC0909200(to DC)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.62075225(to HZ)+1 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Medical Health Science and Technology Project,No.2023XY053(to ZP)Zhejiang Provincial Traditional Chinese Medical Science and Technology Project,No.2023ZL703(to ZP).
文摘Terahertz biotechnology has been increasingly applied in various biomedical fields and has especially shown great potential for application in brain sciences.In this article,we review the development of terahertz biotechnology and its applications in the field of neuropsychiatry.Available evidence indicates promising prospects for the use of terahertz spectroscopy and terahertz imaging techniques in the diagnosis of amyloid disease,cerebrovascular disease,glioma,psychiatric disease,traumatic brain injury,and myelin deficit.In vitro and animal experiments have also demonstrated the potential therapeutic value of terahertz technology in some neuropsychiatric diseases.Although the precise underlying mechanism of the interactions between terahertz electromagnetic waves and the biosystem is not yet fully understood,the research progress in this field shows great potential for biomedical noninvasive diagnostic and therapeutic applications.However,the biosafety of terahertz radiation requires further exploration regarding its two-sided efficacy in practical applications.This review demonstrates that terahertz biotechnology has the potential to be a promising method in the field of neuropsychiatry based on its unique advantages.
基金Laboratory Animal Foundation Program of Military,Grant/Award Number:SYDW[2018]01Promotion Plan of the Air Force Medical University,Grant/Award Number:2020SWAQ11Shaanxi Province Innovation Capability Support Plan,Grant/Award Number:2021PT-037。
文摘Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is the main cause of disability,mental health disorder,and even death,with its incidence and social costs rising steadily.Although different treatment strategies have been developed and tested to mitigate neurological decline,a definitive cure for these conditions remains elusive.Studies have revealed that vari-ous neurotrophins represented by the brain-derived neurotrophic factor are the key regulators of neuroinflammation,apoptosis,blood-brain barrier permeability,neurite regeneration,and memory function.These factors are instrumental in alleviating neu-roinflammation and promoting neuroregeneration.In addition,neural stem cells(NSC)contribute to nerve repair through inherent neuroprotective and immunomodulatory properties,the release of neurotrophins,the activation of endogenous NSCs,and in-tercellular signaling.Notably,innovative research proposals are emerging to combine BDNF and NSCs,enabling them to synergistically complement and promote each other in facilitating injury repair and improving neuron differentiation after TBI.In this review,we summarize the mechanism of neurotrophins in promoting neurogen-esis and restoring neural function after TBI,comprehensively explore the potential therapeutic effects of various neurotrophins in basic research on TBI,and investigate their interaction with NSCs.This endeavor aims to provide a valuable insight into the clinical treatment and transformation of neurotrophins in TBI,thereby promoting the progress of TBI therapeutics.
文摘The inhibition and the recovery of brain AChE, BuChE, and NTE activities after acute and subacute administration of DFP were studied in the rat. DFP displayed different specificities in inhibiting these enzymes; inhibition was greatest for BuChE followed by AChE and NTE. Recovery was most rapid for BuChE followed by NTE and AChE. The recovery rates of AChE and BuChE following acute and subacute treatment were similar. However, the recovery rate of NTE in subacutely treated rats was significantly faster than that in acutely treated rats. The results suggest that DFP inhibits these three enzymes and the rates of regeneration of these enzymes are significantly different. (c)1989 Academic Press, Inc.
文摘Male Sprague-Dawley rats administered xylene intrapetitoneally on alternate days at a dose of 125 or 250mg/kg for 30 days exhibited no marked changes in locomotor activity, learning and memory capacity. However in rats given xylene on alternate day at a dose of 500 mg/kg for 30 days, a significant decrease in locomotor activity, deficits in leaming ability and memory loss were detected. These xylene-induced behavioral ehanges were assoryiated with a decrease in fyendorphin and leuenkaphlin concentrations in the pons-medulla. On the contrary, xylene at a dose of 500mg/kg increased the β-endorphin level in caudate and c-fos expression in hippocampus. These data suggest that the xylene-induced behavioral alterations might be associated with the expression of Fos protein in the hippocampus.
文摘Lead (Pb) inhibited the activities of Na+ -K+ ATPase (IC50= 2.0×10^(-6) M), K + -Para-Nitrophenyl phosphatase (PNPPase) (IC50= 3.5×10^(-6) M) and [3H]-ouabain binding (IC50 = 4.0×10^(-5) M) in rat brain P2 fraction. A variable temperature or pH significantly elevated the inhibition of Na+-K+ ATPase by Pb in buffered acidic, neutral and alkaline pH ranges. Noncompetitive inhibition with respect to activation of Na+ -K+ ATPase by ATP was indicated by a variation in Vmax values with no significant changes in Km values at any temperature studied. In the presence of Pb, for Na+ -K+ ATPase at pH 6.5 and 8.5, Vmax was decreased with an increase in Km values suggesting a mixed type of inhibition. Sulfhydryl agents such as dithiothreitol (DTT) and cvsteine (Cyst), but not glutathione (GSH) offered varied levels of protection against Pb-inhibition of Na + -K+ ATPase at pH 7.5 and 8.5. The present data suggest that inhibition of Na+ -K+ ATPase by Pb is both temperature and pH-dependent. These results also indicate that Pb inhibited Na + -K + ATPase by interfering with phosphorylation of enzyme molecule and dephosphorylation of the enzyme-phosphoryl complex and exerted an effect similar to that of SH-blocking agents.
基金supported by National Institutes of Health Grant AA024484(to DLG)。
文摘The neuroimmune system of the brain:Early studies(1990’s)on the neurological consequences of human immunodeficiency virus-1(HIV-1)infection in the brain were instrumental in establishing that specific brain cell types can function as an innate immune system within the brain and in that role influence cognitive function(Kaul et al.,2005).
文摘Rats of both sexes were fed on a basal feed containing 1% refined konjac meal (RKM) for 18 months and the effects of RKM on the cell aging were observed. A comparable group fed on the basic feed was used as the control. Results obtained demonstrate that the long-term feeding of RKM to rats can delay the course of cell aging of the gliocyte, cadiomyocyte, and the endothelial cell of the large and medium arteriases, hence it is likely to delay the occurrence of arteriosclerosis and improve the functions of the brain, heart and vascular system.
文摘Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic effects of radiosurgery on brain tumor using 99Tcm-MIBI brain single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Methods: Fifteen normal volunteers and 49 patients with brain tumor underwent 99Tcm-MIBI brain SPECT, and the tumor to non-tumor ratio (T/N) was calculated and compared before and after radiosurgery. The patients were regrouped according to different schedules for postoperative reexamination, and diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 99Tcm-MIBI SPECT evaluated against that of conventional CT and magnetic resonance imaging. Results: After radiosurgery, the lesions were reduced or even disappeared in 22 cases, and tumor remnants or recurrence were found in 27 cases. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 'Tc''-MIBI brain SPECT were 85. 2%, 68. 2% and 77. 6% , respectively. The sensitivity of postoperative 99Tcm-MIBI brain SPECT at 5. 8 months was 92% , significantly higher than that at 3. 1 months (89% , u = 2. 2545, P<0. 05) , and its accuracy
文摘Objective To explore effects of decompressive craniectomy on cerebral blood flow volume and brain metabolism in different aged patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Methods 71 cases were divided into three groups according age: group A( 【 30 years) ,group B ( 30 ~ 50 years) 。
文摘Objective To evaluate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on Glasgow Coma Scale (GCC) after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in patients. Methods One hundred and thirty-eight patients with traumatic brain injury were treated by routine therapy combined with HBOT and 29 patients by routine therapy.
基金Supported by National Institutes of Health,No.R01NS091542National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81771149,No.U1704165。
文摘The progress of modern medicine would be impossible without the use of general anesthetics(GAs).Despite advancements in refining anesthesia approaches,the effects of GAs are not fully reversible upon GA withdrawal.Neurocognitive deficiencies attributed to GA exposure may persist in neonates or endure for weeks to years in the elderly.Human studies on the mechanisms of the long-term adverse effects of GAs are needed to improve the safety of general anesthesia but they are hampered not only by ethical limitations specific to human research,but also by a lack of specific biological markers that can be used in human studies to safely and objectively study such effects.The latter can primarily be attributed to an insufficient understanding of the full range of the biological effects induced by GAs and the molecular mechanisms mediating such effects even in rodents,which are far more extensively studied than any other species.Our most recent experimental findings in rodents suggest that GAs may adversely affect many more people than is currently anticipated.Specifically,we have shown that anesthesia with the commonly used GA sevoflurane induces in exposed animals not only neuroendocrine abnormalities(somatic effects),but also epigenetic reprogramming of germ cells(germ cell effects).The latter may pass the neurobehavioral effects of parental sevoflurane exposure to the offspring,who may be affected even at levels of anesthesia that are not harmful to the exposed parents.The large number of patients who require general anesthesia,the even larger number of their future unexposed offspring whose health may be affected,and a growing number of neurodevelopmental disorders of unknown etiology underscore the translational importance of investigating the intergenerational effects of GAs.In this mini review,we discuss emerging experimental findings on neuroendocrine,epigenetic,and intergenerational effects of GAs.
基金support by the National Nature Science Foundation of China,Nos.81830033,61761166004(both to JGZ)。
文摘There are many documented sex differences in the clinical course,symptom expression profile,and treatment response of Parkinson’s disease,creating additional challenges for patient management.Although subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation is an established therapy for Parkinson’s disease,the effects of sex on treatment outcome are still unclear.The aim of this retrospective observational study,was to examine sex differences in motor symptoms,nonmotor symptoms,and quality of life after subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation.Outcome measures were evaluated at 1 and 12 months post-operation in 90 patients with Parkinson’s disease undergoing subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation aged 63.00±8.01 years(55 men and 35 women).Outcomes of clinical evaluations were compared between sexes via a Student’s t-test and within sex via a paired-sample t-test,and generalized linear models were established to identify factors associated with treatment efficacy and intensity for each sex.We found that subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation could improve motor symptoms in men but not women in the on-medication condition at 1 and 12 months post-operation.Restless legs syndrome was alleviated to a greater extent in men than in women.Women demonstrated poorer quality of life at baseline and achieved less improvement of quality of life than men after subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation.Furthermore,Hoehn-Yahr stage was positively correlated with the treatment response in men,while levodopa equivalent dose at 12 months post-operation was negatively correlated with motor improvement in women.In conclusion,women received less benefit from subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation than men in terms of motor symptoms,non-motor symptoms,and quality of life.We found sex-specific factors,i.e.,Hoehn-Yahr stage and levodopa equivalent dose,that were related to motor improvements.These findings may help to guide subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation patient selection,prognosis,and stimulation programming for optimal therapeutic efficacy in Parkinson’s disease.