Early identification of scientific breakthroughs through outlier analysis based on research entities

Purpose:To address the“anomalies”that occur when scientific breakthroughs emerge,this study focuses on identifying early signs and nascent stages of breakthrough innovations from the perspective of outliers,aiming to achieve early identification of scientific breakthroughs in papers.Design/methodology/approach:This study utilizes semantic technology to extract research entities from the titles and abstracts of papers to represent each paper’s research content.Outlier detection methods are then employed to measure and analyze the anomalies in breakthrough papers during their early stages.The development and evolution process are traced using literature time tags.Finally,a case study is conducted using the key publications of the 2021 Nobel Prize laureates in Physiology or Medicine.Findings:Through manual analysis of all identified outlier papers,the effectiveness of the proposed method for early identifying potential scientific breakthroughs is verified.Research limitations:The study’s applicability has only been empirically tested in the biomedical field.More data from various fields are needed to validate the robustness and generalizability of the method.Practical implications:This study provides a valuable supplement to current methods for early identification of scientific breakthroughs,effectively supporting technological intelligence decision-making and services.Originality/value:The study introduces a novel approach to early identification of scientific breakthroughs by leveraging outlier analysis of research entities,offering a more sensitive,precise,and fine-grained alternative method compared to traditional citation-based evaluations,which enhances the ability to identify nascent breakthrough innovations.

Familial hypercholesterolemia:Current limitations and future breakthroughs

Familial hypercholesterolemia(FH)is characterized by elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels due to genetic mutations,presenting with xanthomas,corneal arch,and severe cardiovascular diseases.Early identification,diagnosis,and treatment are crucial to prevent severe complications like acute myocardial infarction.Statins are the primary treatment,supplemented by Ezetimibe and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors,though their effectiveness can be limited in severe cases.Over 90%of FH cases remain undiagnosed,and current treatments are often inadequate,underscoring the need for improved diagnostic and management systems.Future strategies include advancements in gene testing,precision medicine,and novel drugs,along with gene therapy approaches like AAV-mediated gene therapy and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats.Lifestyle modifications,including health education,dietary control,and regular exercise,are essential for managing FH and preventing related diseases.Research into FH-related gene mutations,especially LDLR,is critical for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.

Three decades and beyond:Breeding,biotech breakthroughs and future of China's GM insect-resistant cotton

Cotton(Gossypium spp.)is a pivotal crop in the global textile industry,providing essential natural fibers.Additionally,cottonseed offers significant value as a source of oil and as feed for livestock(Huang et al.2021;Wen et al.2023).The sector,dependent on cotton,features a comprehensive value chain extending from the processing of fibers to the production of finished textiles,and it employs tens of millions of individuals(Dorward et al.1970).

Big Fish, Big Market Controversies and breakthroughs in salmon farming in China

On August 28,salmon industry insiders and consumers shared insights and analysis on the salmon market and consumption at the 7th Global Salmon Industry Development Summit.An important component of the 18th Shanghai International Fisheries Expo,the event attracted more than100 salmon farming companies from around the globe to exchange views on the current situation and future development of the industry.

Blasts Of Progress Xinjiang Bayi Iron and Steel's carbon reduction breakthroughs

Facing dual challenges of climate change and energy crisis,the global iron and steel industry has been seeking to balance efficiency with energy conservation and environmental protection.Could the realities of blast furnace operation possibly align with low-carbon circular development within China's iron and steel industry?Hydrogen-rich carbon circulating oxygen blast furnace (HyCROF)technology is gaining traction in the Chinese metallurgical industry.

Major Breakthroughs in Geological Theory, Key Techniques and Exploration of Tight Oil in China

In recent years,U.S.tight oil exploration and development have achieved significant progress,with rapidly increasing production,which has significantly changed the U.S.A.energy supply pattern（Fig.1）.Compared with the North American marine to marginal marine-continental transitional facies,China’s tight oil（Fig.1）

Macaques Contribute to New Breakthroughs in Autism Research

A China-U.S. joint research team has made new breakthroughs in developing nonhuman primate models for autism research. This does much to pave the way for possible drug discovery and gene therapy of the disorder. The research was conducted by scientists from the Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT) under the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Sun Yat-Sen University, and South China Agricultural University.

New Breakthroughs in China's Coal Gasification Technology

It is learned from the 2013 Summit Forum on Strategic Development of Coal-to-Natural Gas in China that the China Sedin Engineering Company,Ltd.has developed with independent intellectual property rights two experimental furnaces for pressurized gasification of crushed coal,5 m

Breakthroughs Made in Yentai's Exports

In recent years, Yentai City has witnessed an annual growth of 30 percent in exports since it began to handle its own products. As a result it earned US$220 million in 1993. Xu Zhihqiang, director of the Yentai Foreign Trade Bureau, said that after some of the foreign trade corporations in Yentai obtained the right to handle exports in1989, they sent over 300 trade

The Formation and Major Breakthroughs of the Theory of Socialist Market Economy

① Without a correct reform theory, there can be no successful reform practice. Since the Communist Party of China (CPC) convened the Third Plenary Session of the 11 th Central Committee (December, 1978), a fundamental reason for the tremendous achievements China has scored is that it has had the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory. Broad and pro-

Diagnostic Method and Adaptability Analysis of Multiple Water Breakthroughs in Horizontal Well in Combined Well Pattern

The combined well pattern has been widely used in reservoir development, with a common pattern being a horizontal well in the center for oil production and multiple vertical wells around for water injection. For this type of well pattern, determining the horizontal well is affected by which injection wells, especially when the injecting water breaks through, accurately determining the direction of water inflow will provide an important basis for targeted water well measures. Based on the production performance data of horizontal wells, the semi logarithmic relationship curves of water-oil ratio, derivative water-oil ratio, and cumulative production were used for the first time to determine the breakthrough problem of water injection in the surrounding water injection wells of horizontal wells based on their response characteristics. The adaptability of this method under different influencing factors was analyzed. Introducing the parameter of cumulative production not only preserves the variation trend of the derivative of water-oil ratio with time, but also facilitates the processing of actual production data.

East China Market in Dire Need of Three Major Breakthroughs

Since started as a pilot project of regional power marketin June, 2003, East China power market has been actively andsteadily progressing, and has promulgated in succession amarket establishing program, market operating rules andspecifications for the functions of technical support systems.The technical support systems have been built up by stagesincluding the master station system in East China region

Beijing Makes Breakthroughs in Using Foreign Capital

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Historical Breakthroughs Made in Jiangsu-Anhui Area

JiangsuOilfieldhassteppeditseffortsinenhancingitsmanagementefficiency.Asaresult,abundantachievementshavebeenmadeinoilandgasexplorationinJiangsuandAnhuiprovincesunderitsjurisdictionbyrelyingonscienceandtechnology.TheOilfieldfinisheditsreservesquotafor...

CHINA'S TOP 10 SCIENCE BREAKTHROUGHS IN 1997

China’s top 10 science breakthroughs in 1997, selected through secret balloting by nearly 500 members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering, were announced at the end of last year in Beijing.

CAS Eyes Multiple S&T Breakthroughs in the Next Five Years

CAS released its 13^(th) Five-year Plan(2016–2020)in Beijing on August 31,2016,aiming at further breakthroughs in areas from particle physics and astronomy to brain science,artificial intelligence,oceanology,ecology and the environment.The plan,announced by CAS President BAI Chunli,sets the Academy’s goals and development priorities in the next five years.

NEXT-LEVEL TECHNOLOGY Construction of the Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Railway required overcoming world-level challenges with myriad technological breakthroughs

When the sun rises,high-speed trains are already lined up for departure from Halim Station of the Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Railway(HSR)in Indonesia.After seven years of preparation,the first Chinese-built high-speed railway in Indonesia and the Southeast Asian region finally set off,ending ages of anticipation.

CNPC upstream achieves three historical breakthroughs of“100 million tons”

As of January 22,2021,CNPC has released three important data completed in 2020:domestic oil production of 102.25 million tons,gas production of 130.4 billion cubic meters(to about 103.9 million tons of oil equivalent),and overseas equity of oil and gas production equivalent of 100.09 million tons.It was the first time that domestic annual production of oil and gas equivalent and overseas equity of oil and gas production equivalent all exceeded 100 million tons.

On the Rise China’s private space industry makes breakthroughs

At exactly 1:00 p.m. on July 25, the crowd at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwest China's Gansu Province got nervous as the rocket at the launching pad started to eject fire at the end of the countdown. They were wit-nessing whether a rocket developed by a private space company in China can be successfully launched and carry satellites into their orbits.

On breakthroughs and limits: Resolving structural fine-tuning of photosynthetic supercomplexes

Dynamic regulation of photosynthetic supercomplexes is a key strategy allowing plants to adjust their light-harvesting system in response to varying environmental light conditions(Bassi and Dall'Osto,2021).State transition(i.e.,acclimative re-distribution of peripheral antennae between photosystems[PSs]I and II)is one such regulation mechanism that maintains excitation balance between PSl and PSll.