“BRICS PLUS” COOPERATION MODEL AND HOW CHINA HAS INNOVATED THE GLOBAL GOVERNANCE SYSTEM

“BRICS Plus”cooperation model,as an institutional innovation of BRICS cooperation mechanism and a strategic measure of China to push forward the institutional building of global governance,is of critical significance.During the BRICS Summit held in Xiamen in September 2017,China initiated the“BRICS Plus”cooperation model,as a measure of institutional innovation.In the Dialogue between Emerging Market Economies and Developing Countries(EMDCs),themed“Promoting Mutually Beneficial Cooperation for Common Development”,the participants engaged in exchanges on such topics as“Implementing the Agenda for Sustainable Development”and“Building Extensive Partnerships on Development”.

Production and trade trend of oils and oilseeds in BRICS countries

In order to promote agricultural production and trade cooperation among BRICS countries,and ensure the security and stability of the oils and oilseeds industrial and supply chains in China and the world,the production,consumption,trade trend,and cooperation potential of oils and oilseeds in BRICS countries were expounded,and relevant policy recommendations were put forward.Most of the BRICS countries are major agricultural producers,and they are also important agricultural product consumption markets in the world.In 2023/2024,the production and consumption of oilseeds in BRICS countries account for nearly half of the world's total;the production of vegetable oils exceeds a quarter of the world's total,and the consumption of vegetable oils accounts for 40%of the world's total.In 2023/2024,the import and export volume of oilseeds exceeds half of the world's total;vegetable oil imports account for 40%of the world's total,and exports account for about one tenth of the world's total.China's imports of oilseeds and oils from BRICS countries account for 68%and 29%of its global imports in 2023,respectively.BRICS countries are rich in agricultural land resources,have great potential for oils and oilseeds production,obvious complementary advantages in trade structure,and huge space for future cooperation.It is suggested that Brazil should be included in the"Belt and Road"co-construction category to promote the continuous deepening of agricultural cooperation between China and Brazil.It is suggested to explore regional agricultural trade agreements among BRICS countries,promote currency settlement and exchange among BRICS countries,and enhance the facilitation and stability of BRICS trade.It is suggested that China should increase its investment in BRICS countries and export advanced technology and management experience to benefit local agricultural development and achieve a mutually beneficial and win-win situation.

Is economic fitness helpful in achieving environmental sustainability in BRICS economies?A risk exposure perspective

A country’s ability to create complex goods and diversify its lines of products is essential for addressing all types of vulnerabilities.Quantifying a country’s vulnerability to extreme climatic events,such as droughts,superstorms,and other natural disasters,and its capacity for successful adaption,is an essential global need that has been ignored.This study examines the role of economic fitness(EF)in addressing climate change risk ex‐posure in BRICS countries in the context of the environmental Kuznets curve using panel data from 1995 to 2015.Panel threshold methodology is employed to ascertain the nonlinear relationship between EF and climate change risk exposure(i.e.,Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative Country Index(ND-GAIN)).In addition,empirical associations were estimated using panel-corrected standard errors,Driscoll-Kraay standard errors,and feasible generalized least squares estimation techniques.These findings demonstrated an inverted N shaped link between EF and ND-GAIN.Moreover,even after controlling for significant ND-GAIN influencing variables such as gross domestic product per capita,financial development,and urbanization,our robustness checks revealed significant and consistent findings.

Impact of BRICS Trade Facilitation on China's Exports Using Cross-Border E-Commerce

With the rapid growth of the global digital economy, cross-border e-commerce, as an emerging form of trade, has gradually become a powerful engine to promote the development of global trade. BRICS is an important force in the global economy, and the progress of the BRICS countries' trade facilitation level has an important impact on the global trade environment. This paper conducts an in-depth study of the dynamic changes in BRICS trade facilitation from 2013 to 2022, and uses an extended gravity model to analyze the specific impact of this change on China's exports using cross-border e-commerce. The results show that although the BRICS countries have made some progress in trade facilitation, the overall level still needs to be improved, and there are obvious differences among member countries. However, the improvement of trade facilitation among BRICS countries has undoubtedly brought significant positive effects to China's exports using cross-border e-commerce.

The New Year Ushers in New Members to BRICS

At the beginning of this year,the BRICS countries welcomed a wave of new members.On New Year’s Day,Saudi Arabia,Egypt,the United Arab Emirates,Iran and Ethiopia became full members,doubling the number of BRICS members from five to ten.At present,BRICS,as a multilateral cooperation organization of developing countries,is on the road towards substantial expansion and rapid development.In both historical and practical terms,the expansion of BRICS membership has profound historical logic and contemporary implications,which will have a significant impact on the world’s pattern and international order.

Nexus between air travel and environmental degradation in BRICS Countries:A tourism perspective

International tourism is highly dependent on air travel,which enhances destination countries’economic growth and living standards while causing environmental degradation.This study investigates the effect of air travel on environmental degradation in BRICS nations.The study used feasible generalized least squares(FGLS)to evaluate the environmental Kuznets curve using data spanning 1995 to 2018.The study finds evidence of N-shaped EKC in the economies of the BRICS nations.We also find a positive relationship between tourism,urbanization,and environmental degradation(as measured by CO_(2) and SO_(2) emissions from civil aviation)and a negative relationship between economic development and environmental degradation.To achieve sustainable growth and environmental protection and promote green technology,the BRICS governments should devise policies that address the aviation industry’s short-and long-term needs.

Pakistan and the BRICS Plus in the New Era:A Perspective of Neo-Functionalism

China proposed the idea of‘BRICS Plus’in 2017.However,this hint exasperated India owing to its diverse political and strategic preferences.Conspicuously,the reason for India’s disapproval relates to a probable role for Pakistan through the BRICS plus.Particularly,in the backdrop is China’s progress on regional integration through the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)and the significance extended to the China Pakistan Economic Corridor(CPEC).In fact,inimical impulses for Pakistan were also felt when India attempted to label Pakistan as a country‘promoting state-sponsored terrorism’through a BRICS summit held in Goa in 2016;the move was later vetoed both by China and Russia.Meanwhile,India’s bilateral relations with China also lacked synergy,which sometimes impact their interaction within the BRICS framework.If viewed through the Neo-Functionalism framework and its concept of‘spill-over,’BRICS plus can reinforce incentives of cooperation in various sectors within a larger group of countries.Interest groups will begin to flourish at a regional level and domestically these groups will lobby their governments to further integrate.This will be overall critical for BRICS in order to steadily engage the world order as a multilateral forum.The question is,will India let go of bilateralism and accept the role of regional countries,particularly Pakistan?This article intends to explore the very concept of the transregional organisation of BRICS and the impact of the nature of relations between India and China.It also illustrates how states in the region,specifically Pakistan,have an intrinsic potential to complement the transregional agenda of BRICS and BRICS plus,particularly through its strategic geographic location and CPEC.For the persistent rise of BRICS,members will have to let go of bilateralism and allow the countries on the periphery to play their role.

Does country risk impact the banking sectors’non‑performing loans?Evidence from BRICS emerging economies

This study aims to fill the gap in the literature by specifically investigating the impact of country risk on the credit risk of the banking sectors operating in Brazil,Russia,India,China,and South Africa(BRICS),emerging countries.More specifically,we explore whether the country-specific risks,namely financial,economic,and political risks significantly impact the BRICS banking sectors’non-performing loans and also probe which risk has the most outstanding effect on credit risk.To do so,we perform panel data analysis using the quantile estimation approach covering the period 2004–2020.The empirical results reveal that the country risk significantly leads to increasing the banking sector’s credit risk and this effect is prominent in the banking sector of countries with a higher degree of non-performing loans(Q.25=−0.105,Q.50=−0.131,Q.75=−0.153,Q.95=−0.175).Furthermore,the results underscore that an emerging country’s political,economic,and financial instabilities are strongly associated with increasing the banking sector’s credit risk and a rise in political risk in particular has the most positive prominent impact on the banking sector of countries with a higher degree of non-performing loans(Q.25=−0.122,Q.50=−0.141,Q.75=−0.163,Q.95=−0.172).Moreover,the results suggest that,in addition to the banking sectorspecific determinants,credit risk is significantly impacted by the financial market development,lending interest rate,and global risk.The results are robust and have significant policy suggestions for many policymakers,bank executives,researchers,and analysts.

BRICS Summit in South Africa:Partnership for A Better World

The 15th BRICS Summit was held in Johannesburg,South Africa,from August 22 to 24 local time,and was the first offline BRICS Summit held in the last three years.Chinese President Xi Jinping attended the 2023 BRICS Summit in Johannesburg,South Africa,and delivered a series of important speeches,drawing the blueprint for BRICS cooperation and pointing out the direction for South-South cooperation.Last year was the BRICS“China Year”,and 2023 is the“South Africa Year”.The 2023 BRICS Summit made great achievements,many of which are the extension and implementation of the outcomes of the 2022 BRICS Summit.At the 15th BRICS Summit in South Africa,the Johannesburg Declaration was signed,and the historic expansion of BRICS was announced,marking a new starting point for BRICS cooperation.

Trade Benefits and Environmental Costs of GVCS: A Case Study of the BRICS

As the international trading system has developed with the division of Global value Chains (GVCS), the export trade of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) has grown rapidly. The resulting growth of carbon emissions has drawn wide attention from the international community, necessitating the comparison of the trade benefits and environmental costs of the BRICS participation in GVCS. Based on the Eora database, this paper constructs a decomposition framework for the calculation of export value-added and embodied carbon, based on a multi-region input-output (MRIO) model. The trade benefits and environmental costs paid by the BRICS’ total exports from 1990 to 2015 were measured and the imbalance was analyzed, along with the causes. The results show that the main value-added and carbon embodied in the BRICS’ exports originate from their own countries, and the domestic value-added content of the BRICS’ exports decreased while the foreign value-added content increased.

Expansion of BRICS and Beyond

The splendour of the 15th BRICS Summit has come and gone.The rendezvous in the so-called“Africa’s richest square mile,”Sandton,north of Johannesburg,was quite a diplomatic spectacle which brought together 60 developing countries from across the Global South,as well as the United Nations Secretary General Antonio Guterres.

BRICS Summit 2023: A New Milestone for China-Africa Cooperation

The 15th BRICS Summit held in Johannesburg,South Africa,on 22-24 August,with the theme of BRICS in Africa:Collaboration for Inclusive Growth and Shared Prosperity in the Fourth Industrial Revolution,was an important platform for enhancing China-Africa relations.The summit witnessed the expansion of the BRICS group to include six new members:Argentina,Egypt,Ethiopia,Iran,Saudi Arabia,and United Arab Emirates.

基于BRICS比较的我国农业支持政策取向

中国作为BRICS成员之一,与其他成员国在农业发展上具有很多相似的国情。通过分析和比较BRICS的生产者支持政策、一般服务支持政策的异同以及BRICS的生产者支持水平和一般服务支持的投入水平,从而充分认知中国目前农业支持政策的实际实施效应和不足,通过借鉴其他四国的农业支持政策,为完善中国农业支持政策提供方向性的指引。

BRICs走向软件业全球化的战略选择

被美国高盛公司称为“有潜力改变未来世界格局”的BRICs集团——巴西、俄罗斯、印度和中国,自20世纪90年代以来软件业取得了令人瞩目的高速发展,并具有巨大的未来发展空间。主要由于政府对人力资源的投入和政策的支持,并充分发挥跨国公司和本国自身的比较优势。软件业的飞速发展对这些新兴国家经济和技术进步产生正负两面效应。中国要在未来软件业全球化中站稳脚跟,则需要在人才培养,国际化进程和法律制度方面加强管理。

厦门金砖(BRICS)峰会主会场音视频系统设计

介绍厦门金砖(BRICS)峰会主会场总控系统的特点,以及各会议室的扩声系统、视频系统、会议系统的构成。

E-commerce development in rural and remote areas of BRICS countries

E-commerce plays an essential role in modern trade today.It is expected that e-commerce volume amounted to 29 trillion USD in the world in 2017,and would grow with the spread of the Internet and information and communication technologies(ICTs).Brazil,Russia,India,China and South Africa(BRICS),together with many others,consider e-commerce a means to facilitate rapid,inclusive and sustainable economic growth,improving the living standards and alleviating poverty.This article examines areas for potential cooperation by BRICS countries in e-commerce development across rural and remote areas to fight poverty.It analyses the current state of e-commerce development in rural and remote areas in each of the BRICS countries,including cases of public and private initiatives to support it.The article also defines the opportunities which e-commerce brings to people living in rural and remote areas.Moreover,it evaluates the existing challenges and risks.The article concludes that despite the rapid e-commerce development in BRICS countries,and significant opportunities created,there are still issues of disproportionate e-commerce in varied regions and the lack of BRICS cooperation in this sphere.Based on a comparative and normative in-depth,systematic analysis,the article develops a set of recommendations for deepening BRICS countries'cooperation in the following areas:infrastructure in rural and remote regions;education;consumer protection;online dispute resolution;coordinated policy in the international scene,including representation of BRICS countries in international indexes,such as the Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)Digital Services Trade Restrictiveness Index(STRI).

Examination of the profitability of technical analysis based on moving average strategies in BRICS

In this paper,we investigated the profitability of technical analysis as applied to the stock markets of the BRICS member nations.In addition,we searched for evidence that technical analysis and fundamental analysis can complement each other in these markets.To implement this research,we created a comprehensive portfolio containing the assets traded in the markets of each BRICS member.We developed an automated trading system that simulated transactions in this portfolio using technical analysis techniques.Our assessment updated the findings of previous research by including more recent data and adding South Africa,the latest member included in BRICS.Our results showed that the returns obtained by the automated system,on average,exceeded the value invested.There were groups of assets from each country that performed well above the portfolio average,surpassing the returns obtained using a buy and hold strategy.The returns from the sample portfolio were very strong in Russia and India.We also found that technical analysis can help fundamental analysis identify the most dynamic companies in the stock market.

Overcoming Contradictions Between Growth and Sustainability:Institutional Innovation in the BRICS

The recent accelerated growth rates or efforts to emulate countries that have achieved a rapid pace of economic growth are widely acclaimed as means to uplift millions from poverty. In so doing, however, this rapid economic growth is most likely to coincide with unsustainable levels of consumption, place excessive pressure on life support systems and terrestrial sinks and foreshorten options for the future. Rather than pursuing the "Environmental Kuznets Curve"(EKC) hypothesis that higher income will bring with it the means to reduce the impacts of greater consumption, ecological economists assert that buying our way out of future scarcity with fast growth is indeed contradictory with sustainabil- ity. To better understand these contradictions and explore potential institutional innovations that may enable developing nations to better confront them (in effect,"tunneling under"the EKC), this article refers to recent experience in the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa). Beginning with a brief comparative summary of major development and environmental indicators, pressures on resources and society in each of the BRICS are discussed, followed by identification of institutional and policy frameworks each country has evolved to confront the challenges of growth and sustainability. The article closes with general conclusions for further research and information sharing among developing nations.

"BRICs现象"剖析

2003年10月,美国高盛投资公司发表了一份在国际上引起很大反响的研究报告,题为《BRICs之梦:通往2050年之路》。报告预测了巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国等四个发展中大国的发展前景,认为四国经济的高速增长将持续到2050年左右,其经济总量2025年能达到美、日、德、英、法、意等"G6"集团的一半;2045年将超过"G6"集团。姑不论这一预测是否准确,仅就该报告所揭示的"BRICs现象"就值得学界认真加以探讨。该报告反映了什么?又意味着什么?如何看待四国的发展及其相互关系?带着这些问题,本期我们邀请中国现代国际关系研究院的六位专家举行对谈,期望能引起您的高度重视,并思考就这一现象作出更进一步的经济政治学解释。

Physical activity and the prevention of chronic illness in the BRICS nations:Issues relating to gender equality

1.Background BRICS is an acronym for an international association of 5countries(Brazil,Russia,India,China,and South Africa),which together represent the world's major emerging economies and almost one-half of the worlds population.