Production and trade trend of oils and oilseeds in BRICS countries

In order to promote agricultural production and trade cooperation among BRICS countries,and ensure the security and stability of the oils and oilseeds industrial and supply chains in China and the world,the production,consumption,trade trend,and cooperation potential of oils and oilseeds in BRICS countries were expounded,and relevant policy recommendations were put forward.Most of the BRICS countries are major agricultural producers,and they are also important agricultural product consumption markets in the world.In 2023/2024,the production and consumption of oilseeds in BRICS countries account for nearly half of the world's total;the production of vegetable oils exceeds a quarter of the world's total,and the consumption of vegetable oils accounts for 40%of the world's total.In 2023/2024,the import and export volume of oilseeds exceeds half of the world's total;vegetable oil imports account for 40%of the world's total,and exports account for about one tenth of the world's total.China's imports of oilseeds and oils from BRICS countries account for 68%and 29%of its global imports in 2023,respectively.BRICS countries are rich in agricultural land resources,have great potential for oils and oilseeds production,obvious complementary advantages in trade structure,and huge space for future cooperation.It is suggested that Brazil should be included in the"Belt and Road"co-construction category to promote the continuous deepening of agricultural cooperation between China and Brazil.It is suggested to explore regional agricultural trade agreements among BRICS countries,promote currency settlement and exchange among BRICS countries,and enhance the facilitation and stability of BRICS trade.It is suggested that China should increase its investment in BRICS countries and export advanced technology and management experience to benefit local agricultural development and achieve a mutually beneficial and win-win situation.

Is economic fitness helpful in achieving environmental sustainability in BRICS economies?A risk exposure perspective

A country’s ability to create complex goods and diversify its lines of products is essential for addressing all types of vulnerabilities.Quantifying a country’s vulnerability to extreme climatic events,such as droughts,superstorms,and other natural disasters,and its capacity for successful adaption,is an essential global need that has been ignored.This study examines the role of economic fitness(EF)in addressing climate change risk ex‐posure in BRICS countries in the context of the environmental Kuznets curve using panel data from 1995 to 2015.Panel threshold methodology is employed to ascertain the nonlinear relationship between EF and climate change risk exposure(i.e.,Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative Country Index(ND-GAIN)).In addition,empirical associations were estimated using panel-corrected standard errors,Driscoll-Kraay standard errors,and feasible generalized least squares estimation techniques.These findings demonstrated an inverted N shaped link between EF and ND-GAIN.Moreover,even after controlling for significant ND-GAIN influencing variables such as gross domestic product per capita,financial development,and urbanization,our robustness checks revealed significant and consistent findings.

Impact of BRICS Trade Facilitation on China's Exports Using Cross-Border E-Commerce

With the rapid growth of the global digital economy, cross-border e-commerce, as an emerging form of trade, has gradually become a powerful engine to promote the development of global trade. BRICS is an important force in the global economy, and the progress of the BRICS countries' trade facilitation level has an important impact on the global trade environment. This paper conducts an in-depth study of the dynamic changes in BRICS trade facilitation from 2013 to 2022, and uses an extended gravity model to analyze the specific impact of this change on China's exports using cross-border e-commerce. The results show that although the BRICS countries have made some progress in trade facilitation, the overall level still needs to be improved, and there are obvious differences among member countries. However, the improvement of trade facilitation among BRICS countries has undoubtedly brought significant positive effects to China's exports using cross-border e-commerce.

The New Year Ushers in New Members to BRICS

At the beginning of this year,the BRICS countries welcomed a wave of new members.On New Year’s Day,Saudi Arabia,Egypt,the United Arab Emirates,Iran and Ethiopia became full members,doubling the number of BRICS members from five to ten.At present,BRICS,as a multilateral cooperation organization of developing countries,is on the road towards substantial expansion and rapid development.In both historical and practical terms,the expansion of BRICS membership has profound historical logic and contemporary implications,which will have a significant impact on the world’s pattern and international order.

Nexus between air travel and environmental degradation in BRICS Countries:A tourism perspective

International tourism is highly dependent on air travel,which enhances destination countries’economic growth and living standards while causing environmental degradation.This study investigates the effect of air travel on environmental degradation in BRICS nations.The study used feasible generalized least squares(FGLS)to evaluate the environmental Kuznets curve using data spanning 1995 to 2018.The study finds evidence of N-shaped EKC in the economies of the BRICS nations.We also find a positive relationship between tourism,urbanization,and environmental degradation(as measured by CO_(2) and SO_(2) emissions from civil aviation)and a negative relationship between economic development and environmental degradation.To achieve sustainable growth and environmental protection and promote green technology,the BRICS governments should devise policies that address the aviation industry’s short-and long-term needs.

Does country risk impact the banking sectors’non‑performing loans?Evidence from BRICS emerging economies

This study aims to fill the gap in the literature by specifically investigating the impact of country risk on the credit risk of the banking sectors operating in Brazil,Russia,India,China,and South Africa(BRICS),emerging countries.More specifically,we explore whether the country-specific risks,namely financial,economic,and political risks significantly impact the BRICS banking sectors’non-performing loans and also probe which risk has the most outstanding effect on credit risk.To do so,we perform panel data analysis using the quantile estimation approach covering the period 2004–2020.The empirical results reveal that the country risk significantly leads to increasing the banking sector’s credit risk and this effect is prominent in the banking sector of countries with a higher degree of non-performing loans(Q.25=−0.105,Q.50=−0.131,Q.75=−0.153,Q.95=−0.175).Furthermore,the results underscore that an emerging country’s political,economic,and financial instabilities are strongly associated with increasing the banking sector’s credit risk and a rise in political risk in particular has the most positive prominent impact on the banking sector of countries with a higher degree of non-performing loans(Q.25=−0.122,Q.50=−0.141,Q.75=−0.163,Q.95=−0.172).Moreover,the results suggest that,in addition to the banking sectorspecific determinants,credit risk is significantly impacted by the financial market development,lending interest rate,and global risk.The results are robust and have significant policy suggestions for many policymakers,bank executives,researchers,and analysts.

BRICS Summit in South Africa:Partnership for A Better World

The 15th BRICS Summit was held in Johannesburg,South Africa,from August 22 to 24 local time,and was the first offline BRICS Summit held in the last three years.Chinese President Xi Jinping attended the 2023 BRICS Summit in Johannesburg,South Africa,and delivered a series of important speeches,drawing the blueprint for BRICS cooperation and pointing out the direction for South-South cooperation.Last year was the BRICS“China Year”,and 2023 is the“South Africa Year”.The 2023 BRICS Summit made great achievements,many of which are the extension and implementation of the outcomes of the 2022 BRICS Summit.At the 15th BRICS Summit in South Africa,the Johannesburg Declaration was signed,and the historic expansion of BRICS was announced,marking a new starting point for BRICS cooperation.

Trade Benefits and Environmental Costs of GVCS: A Case Study of the BRICS

As the international trading system has developed with the division of Global value Chains (GVCS), the export trade of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) has grown rapidly. The resulting growth of carbon emissions has drawn wide attention from the international community, necessitating the comparison of the trade benefits and environmental costs of the BRICS participation in GVCS. Based on the Eora database, this paper constructs a decomposition framework for the calculation of export value-added and embodied carbon, based on a multi-region input-output (MRIO) model. The trade benefits and environmental costs paid by the BRICS’ total exports from 1990 to 2015 were measured and the imbalance was analyzed, along with the causes. The results show that the main value-added and carbon embodied in the BRICS’ exports originate from their own countries, and the domestic value-added content of the BRICS’ exports decreased while the foreign value-added content increased.

Expansion of BRICS and Beyond

The splendour of the 15th BRICS Summit has come and gone.The rendezvous in the so-called“Africa’s richest square mile,”Sandton,north of Johannesburg,was quite a diplomatic spectacle which brought together 60 developing countries from across the Global South,as well as the United Nations Secretary General Antonio Guterres.

BRICS Summit 2023: A New Milestone for China-Africa Cooperation

The 15th BRICS Summit held in Johannesburg,South Africa,on 22-24 August,with the theme of BRICS in Africa:Collaboration for Inclusive Growth and Shared Prosperity in the Fourth Industrial Revolution,was an important platform for enhancing China-Africa relations.The summit witnessed the expansion of the BRICS group to include six new members:Argentina,Egypt,Ethiopia,Iran,Saudi Arabia,and United Arab Emirates.

扩员后金砖国家能源贸易安全网络体系构建与思考

自2020年以来,全球能源格局在各方因素影响下进入前所未有的变革时期。随着全球能源博弈、能源贸易风险不断加剧,金砖国家的能源安全问题将迎来极大挑战。因此,寻求能够提升各国能源贸易安全的有效途径是金砖国家当前亟须解决的问题。首先,选取金砖国家扩员后的2005—2021年面板数据,从生产储备安全、贸易安全、网络及传输安全、消费安全、可持续性等5个维度构建能源安全评价体系,通过组合熵权法和双基点法两种工具法,测算出各国能源安全水平的相对贴近度,并进行排序。其次,结合当前国际局势,进一步设计了金砖国家能源贸易安全预警机制,对金砖国家未来能源贸易趋势进行预测,并通过增加金砖国家间的能源贸易比重来规避外部风险。最后,提出金砖国家能源贸易安全水平可以从选定区域能源中心国、构建能源贸易安全预警机制两种方案进行实施。

全球价值链重构下中国制造业分工地位测度及国际比较

全球价值链(GVC)重构背景下,如何明确中国制造业GVC分工地位的现实短板及动态变化,以在新一轮全球产业竞争中保持新的竞争优势。本文基于出口贸易增加值分解模型,利用OECD-ICIO数据库(2023)数据,测度了2000—2020年中国制造业整体及分行业的GVC地位,并进行了国际比较。研究发现:(1)虽然中国制造业出口结构在优化,在GVC中的地位有所上移,但仍无法扭转分工地位相对较低的局面。(2)中国制造业当前正处于GVC分工地位提升的阵痛期,劳动力的绝对低廉和技术的绝对高度均无优势。(3)从国际比较视角来看,无论是在金砖国家还是G7国家之间,中国制造业尚未摆脱“低端锁定”的困境,GVC分工地位仍存在较大的提升空间。因此,中国应重点关注与优势国家的发展差距,充分利用国内市场和内需优势,加大对“卡脖子”技术攻关的力度,找准提升GVC分工地位的路径。

1990-2019年金砖国家慢性阻塞性肺疾病疾病负担研究

背景作为新兴经济体,金砖国家(巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国和南非)慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)疾病负担的显著增加成为其共同面临的卫生挑战。目的本研究旨在了解金砖国家因COPD所致疾病负担现状、既往变化趋势和归因危险因素,为我国评价和制定COPD防控策略、加强金砖国家卫生合作提供依据。方法利用2019年全球疾病负担研究(GBD 2019),对1990—2019年金砖国家COPD的患病率、死亡率、伤残寿命调整年(DALY)率的变化趋势进行描述,使用Joinpoint软件计算其年度变化百分比(APC)与平均年度变化百分比(AAPC),运用人群归因危险百分比(PAF)估计不同危险因素导致COPD疾病负担的比例。结果2019年金砖国家疾病负担均随年龄增长呈上升趋势,在45岁以上增长迅速且存在一定性别差异;1990—2019年金砖国家COPD患病率均呈上升趋势,除印度外其他金砖国家的死亡率和DALY率均观察到下降趋势;金砖国家标化患病率、标化死亡率和标化DALY率的AAPC均呈下降趋势,中国下降幅度最大,AAPC分别为-1.14%、-4.22%和-4.17%(P<0.05);烟草使用是巴西、俄罗斯、中国和南非COPD疾病负担的首位危险因素,PAF均超过50%,而印度的首位危险因素为空气污染。结论金砖国家COPD疾病负担依然沉重,且不同国家内部存在差异;金砖国家COPD防治行动取得积极成果,但总体改善程度不及亚太高收入国家;中国COPD疾病负担总量下降趋势明显,但防控形势依旧严峻;金砖国家应更加关注中老年群体的COPD防治,同时持续关注因烟草使用和环境污染等引起的健康效应问题。

基于超效率DEA模型的BRICS能源效率实证研究

运用基于规模报酬不变的投入导向的超效率DEA模型计算"金砖国家"2003～2010年全要素能源效率,研究表明"金砖国家"全要素能源效率整体水平不高,且各国存在显著差异。为分析技术进步、产业结构、能源消费结构等因素对"金砖国家"全要素能源效率的影响,采用Tobit模型发现"金砖国家"产业结构与能源消费结构的优化程度对全要素能源效率的影响程度均较大,而技术进步对各国全要素能源效率影响不显著。

基于BRICS比较的我国农业支持政策取向

中国作为BRICS成员之一,与其他成员国在农业发展上具有很多相似的国情。通过分析和比较BRICS的生产者支持政策、一般服务支持政策的异同以及BRICS的生产者支持水平和一般服务支持的投入水平,从而充分认知中国目前农业支持政策的实际实施效应和不足,通过借鉴其他四国的农业支持政策,为完善中国农业支持政策提供方向性的指引。

金砖五国药物国际贸易政策及对中国的启示

本文采用政策文本分析法,基于金砖五国相关政策文本,旨在比较分析其药物国际贸易政策目标、发展及成效。金砖五国药物国际贸易政策的主要目标为保障药物供应的持续性、营造良好的国际贸易环境以及扩大本国药物出口。围绕上述目标,巴西、俄罗斯与南非均通过大量进口药物保障药物供应,同时采取了专利强制许可、推动外企本土化等手段减少进口依赖;印度通过抵制进口保护本土产业以保障药物供应,同时推动医药产品出口;中国则不断优化审批与监管程序,以营造良好贸易环境并扩大出口。中国应在确保国内药物研发与供应性自主性的同时,进一步完善药物国际贸易政策,更好地在金砖国家形成合力,推动全球公共医药产品的可及性。

金砖国家参与全球教育治理的SWOT分析及策略选择

作为发展中国家和新兴市场的代表,金砖国家积极参与全球教育治理,现已成为国际教育舞台上一支不可忽视的重要力量。SWOT分析结果显示,金砖国家参与全球教育治理既存在平台支持保障增多、参与全球教育治理活动积极性不断提升的内部优势,也面临组织性、协调性缺乏,治理能力不足的劣势;既面临全球治理权力加速分散和转移,全球善治理念作用凸显、国际社会呼吁金砖国家有所作为的新机遇,也面临全球教育治理体系尚不完善、单边主义盛行带来的现实挑战。展望未来,金砖国家需从凝聚理念共识、加强顶层设计、变革治理体系、提升治理能力四个方面着手,助推其深度参与全球教育治理迈向新征程。

上合组织全运会的构想与发展策略——以金砖国家运动会为参照

上合组织是我国开展多边合作框架的重要内容,各国家地区在人文领域的合作也在逐渐拓宽,体育作为人文领域的重要内容,对实现民心相通发挥着积极作用。金砖国家运动会是加强金砖国家交流合作的重要手段,将拓宽金砖国家各领域合作的广度和深度,金砖国家与上合组织在目标、宗旨和原则上多为相似,其成员国家、资源、规模等也具有一定的耦合性。因此,金砖国家运动会的开展为上合组织全运会提供了借鉴经验。通过对金砖国家及金砖国家运动会进行研究,并与上合组织及上合组织全运会进行对比,分析金砖国家运动会对上合组织全运会的借鉴作用,并探讨上合组织全运会的构想与发展策略。

中国与金砖国家ICT产品贸易互补性和竞争性研究

随着数字经济与数字贸易的发展,信息通讯技术发挥着越来越重要的作用,作为信息通讯技术重要一部分的ICT产品贸易在数字经济研究中的重要性凸显。基于2000—2021年金砖国家ICT产品贸易数据,采用贸易依存度、竞争优势指标、贸易互补指标、贸易强度指数等对中国与其他金砖国家的ICT产品贸易进行了分析,中国进口额大于出口额。中国与其他金砖国家在信息通讯设备以及杂项方面贸易潜力较大。

金砖国家科学数据发展政策与规划

科学数据作为支持科学研究、社会治理和经济发展的战略资源,不仅是推动科学研究创新的动力源泉,也是重塑国家科学技术水平和生产力的主导力量与重大战略资源,在促进经济高效增长、地区可持续发展中起着重要支撑作用。本文以俄罗斯、巴西、印度和南非为例,梳理总结四国科学数据的发展政策、支持和监管机构、管理措施和战略规划。研究结果表明,金砖各国政府对科学数据的理解与需求不同,依据其各自国情发展,成立了不同层次的支持和监管机构,形成了系列科学数据发展政策。同时发现金砖国家对发展速度快、潜力大、可持续性强的科学数据十分重视,而且金砖国家合作机制的建设,对推动地区间开放科学的相互合作与科学数据的高效发展起到了积极影响,可为我国科学数据相关政策与规划的制定提供参考。