Metalizing reduction and magnetic separation of vanadium titano-magnetite based on hot briquetting

To achieve high efficiency utilization of Panzhihua vanadium titano-magnetite, a new process of metalizing reduction and magnetic separation based on hot briquetting is proposed, and factors that affect the cold strength of the hot-briquetting products and the efficiency of reduction and magnetic separation are successively investigated through laboratory experiments. The relevant mechanisms are elucidated on the basis of microstructural observations. Experimental results show that the optimal process parameters for hot briquetting include a hot briquetting temperature of 475°C, a carbon ratio of 1.2, ore and coal particle sizes of less than 74 μm. Additionally, with respect to metalizing reduction and magnetic separation, the rational parameters include a magnetic field intensity of 50 mT, a reduction temperature of 1350°C, a reduction time of 60 min, and a carbon ratio of 1.2. Under these above conditions, the crushing strength of the hot-briquetting agglomerates is 1480 N, and the recovery ratios of iron, vanadium, and titanium are as high as 91.19%, 61.82%, and 85.31%, respectively. The new process of metalizing reduction and magnetic separation based on hot briquetting demonstrates the evident technological advantages of high efficiency separation of iron from other valuable elements in the vanadium titano-magnetite.

X-ray fluorescence spectrometry determination of open-hearth furnace slag by pressed powder briquetting

A rapid analysis method of determining content of eight compounds of open-hearth furnace slag was developed using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and pressed powder briquettes. Matrix effect was corrected using theoretical alpha coefficient. Grains-size effect was eliminated by optimized sample preparation technique parameters. Mineral effect was corrected with standard curve of specially made standard samples. The analysis results of TiO2, TFe, SiO2, MgO, Al2O3, CaO, MnO and P2O5 in slag samples showed that both precision and accuracy are comparable with that of chemical method.

Standardized processes of biomass briquetting densification fuel

Forest biomass resources are available in enormous quantities in China. The development of forest biomass briquetting densification fuel, which has a high calorific value, can ease the energy shortage in China. But the molding technology is still at the primary stage with many questions unresolved, such as unequal distribution of resources, imperfect technology and an inadequate mechanism of market supply and demand. There are no consistent production and quality standards to refer to, which seriously hinder the industrialization of biomass molding technology. Hence, it is imperative to speed up the formulation of production standards of biomass briquetting densification fuel which not only conform to international standards, but are in accordance with national condi- tions in China. Drawing on the standards of biomass briquetting densification fuel in Europe, a standard system should be concerned with raw material collection, transport and storage of the end products, terminology, denomination and classification of molding equipment, as well as with technical conditions, testing methods, safety and environmental protection. The establishment of a stan- dard system is useful for the development of a healthy, orderly and sustainable biomass fuel industry.

Application of tobacco stems briquetting in tobacco flue-curing in rural area of China

To reduce the conventional energy consumption in rural area of China,tobacco stems briquetting(TSB)was used as fuel during the process of tobacco flue-curing,compared with honeycomb briquette(HB).Three fire furnaces with different heat exchangers using TSB were compared using the tobacco flue-curing.The results showed that the smog temperature of TSB was higher than that of HB,the efficiency of bio-fuel system with TSB was from 43.5%to 54%,while the efficiency of traditional fuel system was 51.5%.And the cost of tobacco flue-curing per hectare with TSB and HB was$750.0 and$1282.5,respectively.It is proved that TSB is an alternative choice using for the industry of tobacco flue-curing,and the improvement in the structure of fire furnace could optimize the process of tobacco flue-curing.

Study on the strength of cold-bonded high-phosphorus oolitic hematite-coal composite briquettes

Composite briquettes containing high-phosphorus oolitic hematite and coal were produced with a twin-roller briquette machine using sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, molasses, starch, sodium silicate, and bentonite as binders. The effect of these binders on the strength of the composite briquettes, including cold strength and high-temperature strength, was investigated by drop testing and compression testing. It was found the addition of Ca（OH）2 and Na2CO3 not only improved the reduction of iron oxides and promoted dephosphorization during the reduction-separation process but also provided strength to the composite briquettes during the briquetting process; a compressive strength of 152.8 N per briquette was obtained when no binders were used. On this basis, the addition of molasses, sodium silicate, starch, and ben- tonite improved the cold strength of the composite briquettes, and a maximum compressive strength of 404.6 N per briquette was obtained by using starch. When subjected to a thermal treatment at 1200~C, all of the composite briquettes suffered from a sharp decrease in compressive strength during the initial reduction process. This decrease in strength was related to an increase in porosity of the composite briquettes. X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） analyses showed that the decrease in strength of the composite briquettes could be caused by four factors： decomposition of bonding materials, gasification of coal, transportation of byproduct gases in the composite briquettes, and thermal stress.

躯体化障碍病人的临床特点与护理对策研究

目的 :了解躯体化障碍(SD)病人的临床特点 ,以便针对性实施护理。方法 :采用病人综合情况登记表及汉密顿抑郁量表 ,对 10 2例躯体化障碍病人进行问卷调查 ,对躯体化障碍病人的临床特点进行分析。结果 :SD病人的临床表现以躯体不适症状为主 ,而且这些症状分布广泛 ,涉及多系统 ;抑郁症状则相对较少 ,尤其是抑郁的行为症状和抑郁的认知症状出现得更少。结论 :SD病人的疾病感强 ,大多数认为与情绪无关。

麻醉分析与黛安神治疗躯体化障碍疗效对照观察

目的探索躯体化障碍的治疗方法。方法将90例躯体化障碍患者随机分为4个组，分别应用麻醉分析、口服黛安神联合治疗和口服多虑平治疗4周，并采用多种量表进行疗效评定。结果联合治疗组临床疗效评定及各量表减分情况均优于其它各组。结论麻醉分析与黛安神联合治疗躯体化障碍副作用小，疗效突出。

SIMETAL COREX^(■)——current status and development

The paper will give an overview about the COREX^(?) plants in operation,show the new developments and findings for the COREX^(?) process i.e.areal gas distribution and coal briquetting and the status of the FINEX^(?) technology will be given.

躯体形式障碍及其与Briquet障碍、癔症的关系

在世界范围内业已承认,将几种以生理或躯体症状为主的障碍放在一起,定名为躯体形式障碍是有用的,如今它已成为ICD—10、DSM—IV的分类标题。做为一个集合概念,躯体形式障碍不仅包含了我国医生熟知的疑病症,而且还包含了不为大家熟悉的躯体化障碍等多科疾病或障碍,因此有必要将ICD—10、DSM—IV及CCMD—2—R有关躯体形式障碍内容作一比较。鉴于在上述标准中。

奥氮平治疗躯体化障碍的增效作用

躯体化障碍又称Briquet综合征。临床表现为多种、反复出现、经常变化的躯体不适症状为主的神经症。症状可涉及身体的任何部分或器官,各种医学检查均不能证实有任何器质性病变足以解释其躯体症状,常导致患者反复就医和明显的社会功能障碍,常伴有明显的焦虑、抑郁情绪[1]。

Novel blast furnace operation process involving charging with low-titanium vanadium–titanium magnetite carbon composite hot briquette

An innovative process of blast furnace （BF） operation involving charging with low-titanium vanadium-titanium magnetite carbon composite hot briquette （LVTM-CCB） was proposed for utilizing LVTM and conserving energy, In this study, the effect of LVTM-CCB charging ratio on the softening, melting, and dripping behaviors of the mixed burden was explored systemically, and the migration of valu- able elements V and Cr was extensively investigated. The results show that with increasing LVTM-CCB charging ratio, the softening inter- val T40 - T4 increases from 146.1℃ to 266.1℃, and the melting interval To - Ts first decreases from 137.2℃ to 129.5℃ and then increases from 129.5℃ to 133.2℃. Moreover, the cohesive zone becomes narrower and then wider, and its location shifts slightly downward. In addi- tion, the recovery ratios of V and Cr in dripped iron first increase and then decrease, reaching maximum values of 14.552% and 28.163%, respectively, when the charging ratio is 25%. A proper LVTM-CCB charging ratio would improve the softening--melting behavior of the mixed burden; however, Ti（C,N） would be generated rapidly in slag when the charging ratio exceeds 25%, which is not favorable for BF op- eration. When considering the comprehensive softening-melting behavior of the mixed burden and the recovery ratios of V and Cr, the rec- ommended LVTM-CCB charging ratio is 20%.

Briquet综合征2例报告

例1，患者女，28岁，已婚，农民。8年前在怀孕期忧心忡忡，担心胎儿畸形，担心生产期感染，留下产后病等，有时失眠，情绪紧张。结果分娩顺产，母婴健康。产后第二天，与婆母发生口角．便感头部受风，额顶部疼痛，眼球倍感寒冷，长时紧闭不敢睁开，喉部梗塞感，胸部疼，经县医院检查，无病理征所见，

Developing laterite nickel ore leaching residue as sustainable blast furnace charge

A kind of leaching residue generated during high pressure acid leaching of laterite nickel ore is creatively prepared as blast furnace charge for ironmaking.Results show that the briquettes with uniform shape,compressive strength higher than 72.3 N/pellet,and cracking temperature over 400℃can be obtained by the non-binder briquetting with water content of 12.2 wt.%and pressure of 30 MPa.After preheating at 975℃for 12 min and roasting at 1225℃for 15 min,the strength of the roasted briquettes can reach 2815 N/pellet,and the iron grade is 59.27 wt.%.And the sulfur content can be simultaneously reduced to 0.067 wt.%.The obtained briquettes achieve adequate reducibility index,reduction degradation index,reduction swelling index,softening and melting temperatures,which are suitable for blast furnace ironmaking.The results show that this method cannot only effectively treat the leaching residue to reduce the risk of environmental pollution,but also realize the utilization of leaching residue.

Thermal and chemical analysis of massive use of hot briquetted iron inside basic oxygen furnace

The integrated steelmaking cycle based on the blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace（BOF）route plays an important role in the production of plain and ultra-low carbon steel,especially for deep drawing operations.BOF steelmaking is based on the conversion of cast iron in steel by impinging oxygen on the metal bath at supersonic speed.In order to avoid the addition of detrimental chemical elements owing to the introduction of uncontrolled scrap and in order to decrease environmental impact caused by the intensive use of coke for the production of cast iron,HBI（hot briquetted iron）can be used as a source of metal and a fraction of cast iron.Forty industrial experimental tests were performed to evaluate the viability of the use of HBI in BOF.The experimental campaign was supported by a thermal prediction model and realized through the estimation of the oxidation enthalpy.Furthermore,the process was thermodynamically analyzed based on oxygen potentials using the off-gas composition and the bath temperature evolution during the conversion as reference data.