Adipose tissue is a major metabolic organ, and it has been traditionally classified as either white adipose tissue(WAT) or brown adipose tissue(BAT). WAT and BAT are characterized by different anatomical locations, mo...Adipose tissue is a major metabolic organ, and it has been traditionally classified as either white adipose tissue(WAT) or brown adipose tissue(BAT). WAT and BAT are characterized by different anatomical locations, morphological structures, functions, and regulations. WAT and BAT are both involved in energy balance. WAT is mainly involved in the storage and mobilization of energy in the form of triglycerides, whereas BAT specializes in dissipating energy as heat during cold- or diet-induced thermogenesis. Recently, brownlike adipocytes were discovered in WAT. These brownlike adipocytes that appear in WAT are called beige or brite adipocytes. Interestingly, these beige/brite cells resemble white fat cells in the basal state, but they respond to thermogenic stimuli with increased levels of thermogenic genes and increased respiration rates. In addition, beige/brite cells have a gene expressionpattern distinct from that of either white or brown fat cells. The current epidemic of obesity has increased the interest in studying adipocyte formation(adipogenesis), especially in beige/brite cells. This review summarizes the developmental process of adipose tissues that originate from the mesenchymal stem cells and the features of these three different types of adipocytes.展开更多
KEGG(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes)数据库作为整合了基因、酶、化合物及代谢网络信息的综合性数据库,在生物信息学研究中提供了非常重要的平台。首先,人工获得实验数据并将其组织为计算格式,构建成一个系统功能知识体系:包...KEGG(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes)数据库作为整合了基因、酶、化合物及代谢网络信息的综合性数据库,在生物信息学研究中提供了非常重要的平台。首先,人工获得实验数据并将其组织为计算格式,构建成一个系统功能知识体系:包括KEGG通路图,BRITE等级分类以及KEGG modules。其次,建立并完善跨物种注释步骤KO,把基因组同分子网络联系起来。文章主要介绍KEGG数据库的最新进展以及KEGG在生物信息学中的应用。KEGG特有的图形代谢通路以及KO注释,对于重构代谢网络以及跨物种的代谢网络分析提供了很好的信息,KEGG数据库在生物合成以及药物设计方面将会得到越来越广泛的应用。展开更多
基金Supported by Grants from the National Research of Foundation of the South Korea,No.2012M3A9C7050101,No.2011-0030028 and No.2006-2004112
文摘Adipose tissue is a major metabolic organ, and it has been traditionally classified as either white adipose tissue(WAT) or brown adipose tissue(BAT). WAT and BAT are characterized by different anatomical locations, morphological structures, functions, and regulations. WAT and BAT are both involved in energy balance. WAT is mainly involved in the storage and mobilization of energy in the form of triglycerides, whereas BAT specializes in dissipating energy as heat during cold- or diet-induced thermogenesis. Recently, brownlike adipocytes were discovered in WAT. These brownlike adipocytes that appear in WAT are called beige or brite adipocytes. Interestingly, these beige/brite cells resemble white fat cells in the basal state, but they respond to thermogenic stimuli with increased levels of thermogenic genes and increased respiration rates. In addition, beige/brite cells have a gene expressionpattern distinct from that of either white or brown fat cells. The current epidemic of obesity has increased the interest in studying adipocyte formation(adipogenesis), especially in beige/brite cells. This review summarizes the developmental process of adipose tissues that originate from the mesenchymal stem cells and the features of these three different types of adipocytes.
文摘KEGG(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes)数据库作为整合了基因、酶、化合物及代谢网络信息的综合性数据库,在生物信息学研究中提供了非常重要的平台。首先,人工获得实验数据并将其组织为计算格式,构建成一个系统功能知识体系:包括KEGG通路图,BRITE等级分类以及KEGG modules。其次,建立并完善跨物种注释步骤KO,把基因组同分子网络联系起来。文章主要介绍KEGG数据库的最新进展以及KEGG在生物信息学中的应用。KEGG特有的图形代谢通路以及KO注释,对于重构代谢网络以及跨物种的代谢网络分析提供了很好的信息,KEGG数据库在生物合成以及药物设计方面将会得到越来越广泛的应用。
