尼日尔三角洲前缘挤压带的古今BSRs分布特征

本文通过对尼日尔三角洲前缘挤压带的三维地震资料进行解释和属性提取,结合BSR数值模拟,分析了与天然气水合物相关的古今BSRs的分布特征及其发生垂向运移的主控因素。古今BSRs分别代表了天然气水合物稳定底界过去和现今的位置,在研究区古今BSRs均分散分布且主要位于褶皱带断层、气烟囱或者底辟构造等流体运移通道发育的地区,反映了流体运移条件对BSR的形成具有控制作用。古BSRs的反射特征较现今BSR弱,分布范围也更局限,其振幅特征可能是由先前存在的天然气水合物所导致的成岩作用引起的。现今BSR深度与海底深度呈正相关,但水合物稳定区厚度随海底深度的增加变化不大,约为425 m。BSR在地质历史时期的垂向迁移是诸多因素综合作用的结果。尼日尔三角洲挤压带的构造活动强烈且目的层沉积速率较高,深部热流也可沿断层、底辟等通道运移至浅部;下伏地壳是洋壳和过渡壳,大地热流值较高,且海相泥页岩热封盖能力强,这些条件均有利于BSR的向上迁移。另外,研究区的高饱和度水合物层表现为BSR上部的正极性、强振幅异常,主要位于气烟囱和背斜顶部,指示了流体运移通道对水合物成藏的控制作用。研究区BSR下伏游离气FGZs发育较为局限,仅在褶皱带流体运移通道发育的位置发育较薄的FGZs。

Heat flow pattern,base of methane hydrates stability zones and BSRs in Shenhu Area,northern South China Sea

Using the collected 433 heat flow values, we estimated the bases of methane hydrate stability zone （BHSZ）, in northern South China Sea （NSCS）. Through comparing BHSZs with the depths of bottom simulating reflectors （BSRs）, in Shenhu Area （SA）, we found that there are big differences between them. In the north of SA, where the water depth is shallow, many slumps developed and the sedimentation rate is high, it appears great negative difference （as large as -192%）. However, to the southeast of SA, where the water depth is deeper, sedimentation rate is relatively low and uplift basement topography exists, it changes to positive difference （as large as ＋45%）. The differences change so great, which haven＇t been observed in other places of the world. After considering the errors from the process of heat flow measurement, the BSR depth, the relationship of thermal conductivity with the sediments depth, and the fluid flow activities, we conclude that the difference should be not caused by these errors. Such big disagreement may be due to the misunderstanding of BSR. The deviant ＂BSRs＂ could represent the paleo-BSRs or just gas-bearing sediment layers, such as unconformities or the specific strata where have different permeability, which are not hydraterelated BSRs.

Distinct BSRs and their implications for natural gas hydrate formation and distribution at the submarine Makran accretionary zone

To investigate the nature of gas hydrates in the Makran area,new high-resolution geophysical data were acquired between 2018-2019.The data collected comprise multibeam and two-dimensional multi-channel seismic reflection data.The multibeam bathymetry data show East-North-East(ENE)ridges,piggy-back basins,canyon and channel systems,and the morphology of the abyssal plain.Continuous and discontinuous bottom simulating reflectors(BSRs)occur in the piggy-back basins on most of the seismic profiles available.The BSRs cut the dipping layers with strong amplitude and reversed polarity.Discontinuous BSRs indicate a transition along a dipping high-permeable sand layers from gas-rich segment to the gas hydrate-bearing segment and sugge st alternating sediments of fine and relatively coarse grain size.Double BSRs are highly dynamic and attributed to slumps occurring in the study area.The BSRs induced by slumps are located both at deep and shallow depths,responding to the temperature or pressure variation.For the first time,BSRs are observed in the abyssal plain of the Makran area,being associated with anticline structures,which do not show large spatial continuity and are strongly conditioned by structural conditions such as anticlines and fluid migration pathways,including deep fault,gas chimney,and high-permeable sedimentary layer.Our results may help to assess the gas hydrate potential within the piggy-back basins and to determine the most promising target areas.Moreover,results about the abyssal plain BSR may help to locate hydrocarbon reservoirs in the deep ocean.

海洋天然气水合物系统动态调整的异常特征及主控因素

似海底反射(bottom simulating reflectors,BSRs)是指示天然气水合物赋存深度的重要标识,已在全球多个海域研究中发现了千年时间尺度上天然气水合物系统的动态调整,地震剖面上的典型表征是存在多种类型BSR及埋深变化。本文对比分析全球典型海域BSR的地震反射特征及测井响应差异,提出BSR调整及发育的主控因素为:①冰期—间冰期旋回、快速沉积、逆冲-褶皱与基底隆升,导致稳定带底界或BSR发生调整;②构造活动释放的热流体导致BSR上移;③海底侵蚀作用、地层超压,导致BSR下移等;④重烃气体形成Ⅱ型水合物,甲烷水合物稳定带底界下部出现水合物与游离气共存层;⑤合适温度条件下细粒沉积物发生矿物相变,形成与水合物无关的双BSR;⑥局部热异常会导致同一水平地层从含天然气水合物向游离气变化,横向上出现极性反转,无BSR调整。不同因素导致的稳定带底界调整,会伴随着水合物的形成—分解—再形成的动态变化,导致地层内水合物-游离气-水的三相共存,同时伴随着多层游离气的复杂分布,在地震剖面上呈现出多种类型BSR,指示天然气水合物系统复杂性及其与游离气间的相互影响。

鄂尔多斯盆地东南部长7段泥页岩黄铁矿成因及地质意义

鄂尔多斯盆地页岩油气资源丰富,延长组长7段作为全盆地主力烃源岩,富有机质泥页岩发育且厚度稳定、连续性好,同时伴生大量黄铁矿。前人对长7段泥页岩沉积环境、地球化学特征、生排烃机理等做了大量工作,但针对黄铁矿形成原因及反应机理研究相对较少。因此,文中结合全岩矿物体积分数和镜下照片等分析化验资料,系统研究长7段泥页岩黄铁矿形态特征、成因机制、沉积水体环境、与有机质催化、富集关系及对储层改善、破坏作用,综合探明黄铁矿地质意义。结果表明:长7段泥页岩黄铁矿形成于硫化-缺氧和贫氧环境下,形成了自形晶和草莓状2种形态黄铁矿,同时经历细菌硫酸盐还原(BSR)和热化学硫酸盐还原(TSR)2种还原作用,对促进有机质生烃、改善储层具有重要作用。

Constraints on Characteristics and Distribution of Gas Hydrate and Free Gas Using Broad-Band Processing of Three-Dimensional Seismic Data

Gas hydrate drilling expeditions in the Pearl River Mouth Basin,South China Sea,have identified concentrated gas hydrates with variable thickness.Moreover,free gas and the coexistence of gas hydrate and free gas have been confirmed by logging,coring,and production tests in the foraminifera-rich silty sediments with complex bottom-simulating reflectors(BSRs).The broad-band processing is conducted on conventional three-dimensional(3D)seismic data to improve the image and detection accuracy of gas hydratebearing layers and delineate the saturation and thickness of gas hydrate-and free gas-bearing sediments.Several geophysical attributes extracted along the base of the gas hydrate stability zone are used to demonstrate the variable distribution and the controlling factors for the differential enrichment of gas hydrate.The inverted gas hydrate saturation at the production zone is over 40% with a thickness of 90 m,showing the interbedded distribution with different boundaries between gas hydrate-and free gas-bearing layers.However,the gas hydrate saturation value at the adjacent canyon is 70%,with 30-m-thick patches and linear features.The lithological and fault controls on gas hydrate and free gas distributions are demonstrated by tracing each gas hydrate-bearing layer.Moreover,the BSR depths based on broad-band reprocessed 3D seismic data not only exhibit variations due to small-scale topographic changes caused by seafloor sedimentation and erosion but also show the upward shift of BSR and the blocky distribution of the coexistence of gas hydrate and free gas in the Pearl River Mouth Basin.

南海北部神狐峡谷区沉积相特征及BSR地质灾害指示

神狐海底峡谷群是我国南海北部天然气水合物勘探的主要目标区,本文根据多道地震资料结合勘查试采成果,精细刻画了神狐峡谷区沉积相特征,并将海底峡谷沉积体系分为峡谷充填和峡谷边缘两个亚相,前者包括浊积水道、滞留沉积、侧向倾斜沉积和块体流沉积4个微相,后者含天然堤、浊积扇和块体流沉积3个微相。通过对神狐峡谷群的沉积单元和BSR整体分布特征的系统分析,明确提出了上新世以来的峡谷沉积体系中,天然堤沉积微相和块体流沉积微相是水合物富集的有利沉积相带。同时,根据沉积相带中BSR发育位置及特征差异,将该区BSR划分为3种类型:A型为脊部穹隆型、B型为脊部边缘平直型、C型为峡谷边缘坡变型。在此基础上,结合天然气水合物分解可能引起海底滑塌的致灾机理,强调指出C型BSR具有视倾角变大、上覆地层薄的特点,是水合物极易分解而发生滑塌的高风险区。本研究成果可为神狐峡谷海域新一轮天然气水合物试采,尤其是环境稳定性评价预测等提供重要依据和技术支撑。

Auto-Detection Method Using Convolution Neural Network for Bottom-Simulating Reflectors

In studies on gas hydrate,bottom-simulating reflectors(BSR)are used to determine the potential hydrate-bearing sedimentary layers.Usually,BSR detection is performed manually by experienced interpreters.Therefore,a method for implementing an auto-matic BSR detection process should be established.In this study,we develop a novel architecture for BSR characterization using the convolutional neural network(CNN)technique.We propose the use of Stokes’transform(ST)to obtain a time-frequency spectrum for the input of CNN.ST fully uses the frequency content of the seismic data,and a part of the 3D seismic data collected from the Blake Ridge is utilized to train the CNN.Synthetic seismic records with variable signal-to-noise ratios(SNR),as well as Blake Ridge seismic data,were used to validate the detection effect of the CNN.Results show that the CNN trained by this method exhibits excellent performance in noise-resistant testing and achieves an accuracy of more than 89% in field seismic data detection.

3D and 2D topographic correction to estimated geothermal gradient from the base of gas hydrate stability zone in the Andaman Forearc Basin

Methane gas hydrate related bottom-simulating reflectors(BSRs)are imaged based on the in-line and cross-line multi-channel seismic(MCS)data from the Andaman Forearc Basin.The depth of the BSR depends on pressure and temperature and pore water salinity.With these assumptions,the BSR depth can be used to estimate the geothermal gradient(GTG)based on the availability of in-situ temperature measurements.This calculation is done assuming a 1D conductive model based on available in-situ temperature measurement at site NGHP-01-17 in the study area.However,in the presence of seafloor topography,the conductive temperature field in the subsurface is affected by lateral refraction of heat,which focuses heat in topographic lows and away from topographic highs.The 1D estimate of GTG in the Andaman Forearc Basin has been validated by drilling results from the NGHP-01 expedition.2D analytic modeling to estimate the effects of topography is performed earlier along selected seismic profiles in the study area.The study extended to estimate the effect of topography in 3D using a numerical model.The corrected GTG data allow us to determine GTG values free of topographic effect.The difference between the estimated GTG and values corrected for the 3D topographic effect varies up to~5℃/km.These conclude that the topographic correction is relatively small compared to other uncertainties in the 1D model and that apparent GTG determined with the 1D model captures the major features,although the correction is needed prior to interpreting subtle features of the derived GTG maps.

Submarine landslides, relationship with BSRs in the Dongsha area of South China Sea

Gas hydrate samples were first obtained in the Dongsha area,South China Sea(GMGS2)in 2013.High-resolution 3D seismic data in the area show various small 1andslide bodies developedas huge mass transport deposits.These bodies are divided into seven types on the basis of theirshapes,intermal structures and geneses(slide,collapse and deformation above BSRs,as well asthe slump wedge,lens,block and sheet below BSRs).Based on this classification,detailed studieswere conducted,including measurements of the slump body sizes and slope gradients of landslides,depiction of their three-dimensional characteristics,and research on the landslide distribution.Todetermine the genetic differences of these seven types,this study analyses the possibility of verticalflow-pattern-transformation and mechanisms of submarine landsltide formation.Results show that thedominant factor influencing the submarine landslides in the Dongsha area is the free gas emitted fromgas hydrate decomposition,with possible fransformation between flow patterns.Finally,there are twokinds of relationships between submarine landslides and BSRs since the free gas either influences thesubmarine landslide bodies below or above BSRs,resulting in two types of submarine landslide bodyassociations:Type A is characterized by submarine slide above BSRs and slump lens below BSRs,whereas Type B shows deformation above BSRs and slump blocks below BSRs.Type Ais favourablefor gas exploration because it indicates less decomposition and better sealing of gas hydrate layers.

结构化社交行为干预模式联合中医推拿治疗儿童孤独症的效果分析

目的:分析结构化社交行为干预模式(BSR)联合中医推拿治疗儿童孤独症的效果。方法:选取2022年1月—11月自贡市妇幼保健院收治的50例孤独症患儿,按治疗方式不同分为治疗组(n=26)和对照组(n=24)。治疗组采用BSR模式联合中医推拿进行治疗,对照组仅采用BSR模式治疗。治疗后3、6个月,应用孤独症行为检查量表(ABC)、自闭症儿童心理教育评核(第三版)(PEP-3)进行评分,比较两组治疗效果。结果:治疗组3、6个月,治疗组ABC评估各单项分及总分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);PEP-3评估各单项得分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:相较于单一BSR模式治疗,结构化社交行为干预模式联合中医推拿能更快提高孤独症患儿的语言能力、认知能力、社会适应能力,能更好控制异常行为。

波斯湾扎格罗斯盆地北段二叠系-新生界H_(2)S成因及分布规律

波斯湾扎格罗斯盆地碳酸盐岩含有丰富油气资源,但H_(2)S成因规律复杂。通过岩石学、流体包裹体测温和同位素地球化学等手段分析,厘清了该盆地北段的H_(2)S成因和分布规律。分析认为:新生界和白垩系,石膏、硬石膏和重晶石发育,H_(2)S含量较低(<5%),H_(2)S与硬石膏间的硫同位素分馏较大。这指示较高程度的细菌硫酸盐还原作用(BSR)。此外,白垩系部分储层发生干酪根热裂解作用,导致其H_(2)S含量一定程度增高。侏罗系—二叠系埋藏深,硫酸盐矿物发育,且方解石胶结物内可见烃类包裹体。H_(2)S含量高(最大约40%),且与硫酸盐矿物的硫同位素分馏较小。方解石的碳同位素受烃类等有机质的并入影响,存在明显的负漂(-10‰)。这指示其以热化学硫酸盐还原作用为主(TSR)。多种成因类型也导致H_(2)S含量在不同区块间的差异。

Gas hydrate accumulation associated with fluid escape structure in the western margin of South China Sea

Gas hydrates have been found in the western continental margin of South China Sea,which are revealed by widespread bottom simulating reflectors(BSRs)imaged from a three-dimensional(3D)seismic volume near the Guangle carbonate platform in the western South China Sea.Fluid-escape structures(faults and gas chimneys)are originated below BSR were distinguished.A comprehensive model in three-level structure was proposed to depict the gas hydrate accumulation in the study area.In Level 1,regional major faults and gas chimneys provide the first pathways of upward migration of gas near basement.In Level 2,pervasive polygonal faults in carbonate layer promote the migration of gas.In Level 3,gases sourced from near-basement accumulate within shallow sediment layers and form gas hydrate above the unit with faults once appropriate temperature and pressure occur.The gas hydrates in the study area are mainly in microbial origin,and their accumulation occurs only when fluid-escape structures align in all the three levels.The proposed model of the gas hydrate accumulation in western SCS margin provides new insights for further studies in this poorly studied area.

中国近海天然气水合物的研究进展

南海、东海具有形成天然气水合物的良好动力学环境和丰富的烃类气体来源。根据卫星对海面增温异常的观测、底水气体地球化学、标志矿物和流体组成的研究表明 ,南海、东海海底存在强烈的烃流体活动和排气作用 ;南海南北陆坡区海底气体主要由CH4组成 ,前者多为微生物成因气 ,后者多为热解气 ;冲绳海槽热液沉积区的气体 ,主要为CO2 (86 % ) ,其次为CH4、H2 、H2 S(14 % ) ,分别来自岩浆流体及陆源有机质的降解 ,也属热解成因气。地震地球物理的研究主要集中于南海东北部、北部、南部陆坡区和冲绳海槽中南部 ,测线长度还很有限 ,虽然都有BSR标志的发现 ,但质量比较好 ,研究程度也比较高的还只有南海东北部主动陆缘和北部被动陆缘的一些海域。通过沉积物烃含量和热释光的研究 ,南海、东海共获得 6个地球化学异常区。在综合对比物化探、地热等项资料的基础上初步认为 :笔架南 (Ⅰ )、台西南—东沙 (Ⅱ )异常区是寻找水合物的最佳远景区 ;琼东南—西沙海槽(Ⅲ )、中建南—中业北 (Ⅳ )和冲绳海槽南部异常区是寻找水合物和常规油气藏的有利地区 ,但Ⅳ区更有利于寻找油气 ,其余 2区更有利于寻找水合物 ;南沙海域的研究程度总体上比较低 ,但在其中的南沙海槽 ,物化探异常标志均优 ,甲烷含量较其它地区高

南海北部陆坡天然气水合物沉积成藏特征

指示天然气水合物存在的重要地球物理标志——BSR(似海底反射)在南海北部陆坡晚中新世以来的地层中广泛分布。根据BSR在晚中新世以来3个三级层序地层内的分布特点,结合区域热动力背景、沉积特征(沉积相、沉积速率、含砂率、岩性特征等)和典型沉积体(构造坡折带、滑塌体、沉积物波)的综合分析,系统研究了南海北部陆坡天然气水合物的沉积成藏特征。研究表明,BSR的分布在满足温压、气源的基础上更明显地受沉积体系展布和所处构造部位的控制,气源和温压条件只是影响BSR分布的必要条件而非充分条件。建立了南海北部陆坡典型沉积成藏模式,总结了在陆架、陆坡、陆基上随着水深的增加各种沉积体的分布及其与BSR和水合物稳定带的关系,展示了水合物成藏的典型要素。BSR与构造坡折、深水重力流及等深流沉积密切相关,大多数BSR分布区均位于地貌变化陡峭、地形起伏较大、长期继承性隆升与沉降交汇的黏土质粉砂和粉砂等沉积物中。在陆架三角洲前缘,BSR侧向较连续但延伸距离短,水合物成藏的关键在于深部气源的沟通条件;在陆坡海槽与底辟发育区,BSR受断层与底辟切割往往呈断续分布,沉积物的快速卸载可为水合物的赋存提供较好的沉积储层条件;在陆基至深海区海底扇、浊流、等深流发育的位置,BSR侧向连续延伸距离远,气源主要为浅部生物气,以侧向运移为主。

碳酸盐成岩作用的研究前沿和值得思考的问题

碳酸盐成岩作用在碳酸盐沉积学,尤其是在碳酸盐储层沉积学中具有十分重要的意义,近年在以下领域取得重要进展:(1)白云岩烃类储层的几何学和岩石成因学,尤其涉及到对已有白云化模式的评论和重新认识等。(2)碳酸盐储层热液改造的构造控制机理,涉及热液白云岩的成因及其对烃类储层的影响,尤其是深部热流体对碳酸盐成岩作用的影响。(3)对一些经典成岩理论的更新和对传统成岩理论的挑战,尤其是对混合水成岩作用带和对海水环境下的埋藏成岩作用的重新认识等。(4)锶同位素组成在海相碳酸盐研究中的广泛应用,涉及对地质事件的跟踪研究、海相地层的等时对比、定年和成岩过程中水-岩相互作用的研究等。然而,碳酸盐成岩作用研究中也存在一些问题值得我们思考:(1)深埋条件下碳酸盐最为重要的溶解介质可能是作为硫酸盐还原作用产物的H2S和CO2,但并非是温度越高,碳酸盐越溶解,相对较低的温度条件反而有利于溶解,这就是所谓的倒退溶解模式。(2)碳酸盐溶解需要有温度的降低(即必须要有足够的负ΔT),这可通过两种途径实现:其一是沿断层向上运移的流体,显示断层等构造作用在碳酸盐成岩研究中的重要性;二是构造抬升,显示与构造有关的埋藏历史在碳酸盐成岩研究中的重要性。(3)控制白云石锶含量最为重要的因素是其晶体化学习性,锶在白云石中的较低的分配系数导致了白云岩普遍较低的锶含量,因此,我们不能仅利用白云岩的锶含量来判断白云化流体的性质,白云岩较低的锶含量也不能说明相应的白云化流体与海水无关。(4)与硫酸盐还原作用有关的SO42-的带出会诱发白云化作用或白云石的沉淀,而与硫酸盐溶解有关的SO42-的引入则会加速白云石的溶解。

基于天然气水合物地震数据计算南海北部陆坡海底热流

天然气水合物是一种由水的冰晶格架及其间吸附的气体分子 (以甲烷为主 ) 组成的固态化合物, 地震剖面上的似海底反射BSR是天然气水合物赋存的重要地球物理标志。相同气体成分水合物的相对稳定的温压关系是根据BSR的赋存深度计算海底热流的理论基础。选择南海北部陆坡有典型BSR反射的地震剖面, 计算了南海北部陆坡天然气水合物发育区的压力、温度、地温梯度、热导率及热流等地热参数。通过计算热流值与实测热流值的对比可以大致推测,在南海北部陆坡海底运用该方法计算的热流值误差可能在 12%以内。本研究不仅可以为海底热流等理论研究提供一定信度的数据资料, 而且通过实测热流值校正后的热流数据以及经验公式, 可以反过来用于BSR深度的计算以及天然气水合物稳定域的预测, 具有重要的实践意义。

海洋天然气水合物地震检测技术及其应用

天然气水合物具有能量密度高、分布广、埋深浅、成藏物化条件好、清洁环保等特点,是未来石油天然气的理想接替能源。我国海域深水广大地区具有天然气水合物形成所需的物源、温压及地质构造等成矿条件,资源前景广阔。地震检测技术是寻找海洋天然气水合物的行之有效方法,在世界各海域得到广泛应用并取得实效。我国通过多年的水合物勘查实践,研发了一套适合我国海洋天然气水合物的地震检测技术,包括水合物地震识别处理技术(保幅处理、子波零相位化、精细速度分析等)和地震属性提取技术(AVO反演及定量模拟检测、波阻抗反演、相干体检测、稳定带顶底面检测等)。运用上述技术已发现南海北部陆坡天然气水合物存在的似海底反射层(Bottom Simulating Reflector,BSR)、空白带(Blank Zone,BZ)、速度倒转和极性反转(Reversal Polarity,RP)等地震异常标志,并依提取的地震属性优选目标,成功钻获天然气水合物实物样品,提高了水合物矿床预测的准确率。简要回顾国外海洋天然气水合物地震勘探技术现状,重点阐述国内海洋天然气水合物地震检测技术的发展及其应用效果。

琼东南盆地天然气水合物成矿远景

琼东南盆地最新的水合物调查研究发现了大量疑似BSR(bottom simulating reflector)特征的地震反射界面,但BSR特征并不典型。为了解决在BSR特征不甚明显的地区进行天然气水合物识别和成矿远景研究的问题,本文首先通过对调查所取得的第一手资料的综合分析,指出了琼东南盆地海域天然气水合物地球物理标识——BSR识别的局限性;然后从天然气水合物成藏所必须具备的气源、运移通道、有利沉积条件等几个方面出发,探讨了琼东南盆地天然气水合物成藏必须具备的气源、气体运通道和储层等特征,对琼东南盆地天然气水合物地球物理识别标志——BSR判识提供了良好佐证。综合分析认为:琼东南盆地海域的中央坳陷带内发育了大量气烟囱的位置及其附近海底浅层应是天然气水合物发育的重点目标区。

南海北部陆坡水合物勘探区典型站位不同类型热流对比

随着南海北部陆坡天然气水合物勘探工作的深入开展,在南海北部陆坡天然气水合物勘探区典型的集中了钻孔、探针和BSR三种测量方式获得的热流数据.为了解海底热流不同测量方式的差异,以及南海北部陆坡水合物勘探区的热流特征,文章以SH-2和SH-5孔作为典型站位,分别介绍三种热流测量方法并对两个站位的不同类型热流进行对比分析,结果表明:(1)在SH-2孔处探针热流与钻孔热流基本一致,但在SH-5孔处探针热流明显低于钻孔热流;采用钻孔实测沉积物平均热导率计算的SH-2和SH-5两个站位处的BSR热流都与相应钻孔热流基本一致.(2)根据地震剖面及相邻位置探针热流特征分析,SH-5站位处探针热流明显偏低,可能是受到流体活动的影响.(3)相对SH-2孔,SH-5孔具有较高的地温梯度和热流特征,可能是SH-5钻孔未钻到水合物的重要原因,而晚期泥底辟侵入可能是造成SH-5孔具有较高的温度场并导致原本赋存的水合物分解的原因.