Phenotypic assessment of breeding population is important to identify robust lines for incorporating into future breeding programs. The objective of this study was to identify potential lines from a wheat (<i>&l...Phenotypic assessment of breeding population is important to identify robust lines for incorporating into future breeding programs. The objective of this study was to identify potential lines from a wheat (<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Triticum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <i>aestivum</i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L.) population, based on their morpho-physiological traits, for improved heat tolerance. A subset of 100 lines of the double haploid (DH) population named “Buster”, developed from two successful Oklahoma wheat varieties (Billings and Duster)</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> w</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">as</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> used in the study. Two experiments were conducted one in a greenhouse and the other in growth chambers. Data on plant height, tiller number, leaf number, and photosynthetic pigments were collected from the greenhouse;whereas the data on physiological parameters (leaf net photosynthesis (Pn), transpiration (T), stomatal conductance (g</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">), intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (C</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">i</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">), electron transport rate (ETR), Photosystem II efficiency (Fv</span></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">'</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">/Fm</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">'</span></i><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) and instantaneous water use efficiency (IWUE)) were collected from the growth chambers. Buster lines were significantly (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> < 0.05) different both morphologically and physiologically. A wide range of observations among genotypes for different morphological and physiological characteristics was found. For example, the Chlorophyll A:B ratio ranged from 1.8 to 4.3, average plant height ranged from 8.4 to 13.3 cm, and the net photosynthesis under heat stress ranged from 11.29 to 25.28 μmol CO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">m</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-2</span></sup></span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">·</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The differences in leaf physiological parameters were more discernible under heat stress. This study provides a piece of baseline information on morpho-physiological characteristics of Buster lines, and identified lines can be used in future breeding programs for incorporating heat stress tolerance.</span></span></span>展开更多
Objective: To compare the effectiveness of the Bug Buster kit regimen with a single treatment of over the counter pediculicides for eliminating head lice. Design: Single blind, multicentre, randomised, comparative cli...Objective: To compare the effectiveness of the Bug Buster kit regimen with a single treatment of over the counter pediculicides for eliminating head lice. Design: Single blind, multicentre, randomised, comparative clinical study. Setting: Four counties in England and one county in Scotland. Participants: 133 young people aged 2-15 years with head louse infestation; 56 were allocated to the Bug Buster kit and 70 to pediculicide treatment. Interventions: Home use of proprietary pediculicides (organophosphate or pyrethroid) or the Bug Buster kit. Main outcome measure: Presence of head lice 2-4 days after end of treatment: day 5 for the pediculicides and day 15 for the Bug Buster kit. Results: The cure rate using the Bug Buster kit was significantly greater than that for the pediculicides (57%v 13%; relative risk 4.4, 95%confi-dence interval 2.3 to 8.5). Number needed to treat for the Bug Buster kit compared with the pediculicides was 2.26. Conclusion: The Bug Buster kit was the most effective over the counter treatment for head louse infestation in the community when compared with pediculicides.展开更多
BEING a white South African didn＇t make Sara Blecher part of a privileged community even during, apartheid. ＂On my grandfather＇s side we are Lithuanian Jews and he was the only one who escaped while the rest of the...BEING a white South African didn＇t make Sara Blecher part of a privileged community even during, apartheid. ＂On my grandfather＇s side we are Lithuanian Jews and he was the only one who escaped while the rest of the family was murdered during World War Ⅱ,＂ she said. ＂Even though I am white, I am on the wrong side of history.＂展开更多
BACKGROUND： Nattokinase （NK） is a serine protease enzyme of the subtilisin family. It exhibits a strong fibrinolytic activity. The fibrinolytic enzymes from Bacillus sp. have attracted interest as thrombolytic agen...BACKGROUND： Nattokinase （NK） is a serine protease enzyme of the subtilisin family. It exhibits a strong fibrinolytic activity. The fibrinolytic enzymes from Bacillus sp. have attracted interest as thrombolytic agents because of their efficiency in the fibrinolytic process including plasmin activation. METHODS： In the present study, VIT garden soil was collected and subjected to isolation process in order to screen for the NK production. Screening for NK enzyme was performed by radial caseinolytic assay. The production of NK enzyme was done in two different production medium for comparative studies. The NK enzyme was purified by gel permeation chromatography. The activity of the purified NK was checked by clot lysis and casein digestion assay. To investigate the structural basis of NK and fibrinogen interaction and also to identify the best binding mode, molecular dynamics and docking studies were performed. RESULTS： Based on the morphological and biochemical characterization, the isolate was identified as Bacillus sp. The overall purification fold of NK was about 3 with the specific activity of 664U/mg and 9.9% yield. Homogeneity of the purified enzyme was analyzed and confirmed by the single band obtained in SDS-PAGE. Molecular weight of the purified protease was estimated as 25 kDa. Purified NK enzyme exhibited 97% of effective clot lysis activity. The NK was docked in to the knob region of the fibrinogen at its binding site using Dock server. A total of 26 residues of fibrinogen and 29 residues of NK constitute the interface region. However, 9 residues offibrinogen （THR238, MET264, LYS266, ARG275, THR277, ALA279, ASN308, MET310, and LYS321） and 8 residues ofNK （GLY61, SER63, THR99, PHE189, LEU209, TYR217, ASN218, and MET222） are involved in intact binding. CONCLUSIONS： A significant amount of NK enzyme was obtained from Bacillus sp. The docking analysis revealed that the NK and fibrinogen adopt an extended binding pattern and interacts with the crucial residues to exhibit their activity.展开更多
针对甘蔗破垄机作业时拨叶圆盘对蔗叶切断和拨开性能差、蔗叶在破垄机前进方向堆积、严重阻碍破垄作业的问题,采用SPH(Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics)和FEM(Finite Element Method)的耦合方法,通过建立拨叶圆盘-蔗叶-土壤系统动力学...针对甘蔗破垄机作业时拨叶圆盘对蔗叶切断和拨开性能差、蔗叶在破垄机前进方向堆积、严重阻碍破垄作业的问题,采用SPH(Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics)和FEM(Finite Element Method)的耦合方法,通过建立拨叶圆盘-蔗叶-土壤系统动力学仿真模型,进行拨叶圆盘作业过程仿真分析,探讨了拨叶圆盘的蔗叶切断机理。结果表明:建立的圆盘-蔗叶-土壤系统动力学仿真模型精度较高,对于层叠的受圆盘切割的蔗叶,不同层的蔗叶受圆盘作用的断裂过程有所不同;上层蔗叶主要由于圆盘的滑切作用而断裂,中层蔗叶由于弯折和圆盘的滑切作用而断裂,下层蔗叶主要由于弯折作用而断裂。展开更多
文摘Phenotypic assessment of breeding population is important to identify robust lines for incorporating into future breeding programs. The objective of this study was to identify potential lines from a wheat (<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Triticum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <i>aestivum</i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L.) population, based on their morpho-physiological traits, for improved heat tolerance. A subset of 100 lines of the double haploid (DH) population named “Buster”, developed from two successful Oklahoma wheat varieties (Billings and Duster)</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> w</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">as</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> used in the study. Two experiments were conducted one in a greenhouse and the other in growth chambers. Data on plant height, tiller number, leaf number, and photosynthetic pigments were collected from the greenhouse;whereas the data on physiological parameters (leaf net photosynthesis (Pn), transpiration (T), stomatal conductance (g</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">), intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (C</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">i</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">), electron transport rate (ETR), Photosystem II efficiency (Fv</span></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">'</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">/Fm</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">'</span></i><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) and instantaneous water use efficiency (IWUE)) were collected from the growth chambers. Buster lines were significantly (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> < 0.05) different both morphologically and physiologically. A wide range of observations among genotypes for different morphological and physiological characteristics was found. For example, the Chlorophyll A:B ratio ranged from 1.8 to 4.3, average plant height ranged from 8.4 to 13.3 cm, and the net photosynthesis under heat stress ranged from 11.29 to 25.28 μmol CO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">m</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-2</span></sup></span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">·</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The differences in leaf physiological parameters were more discernible under heat stress. This study provides a piece of baseline information on morpho-physiological characteristics of Buster lines, and identified lines can be used in future breeding programs for incorporating heat stress tolerance.</span></span></span>
文摘Objective: To compare the effectiveness of the Bug Buster kit regimen with a single treatment of over the counter pediculicides for eliminating head lice. Design: Single blind, multicentre, randomised, comparative clinical study. Setting: Four counties in England and one county in Scotland. Participants: 133 young people aged 2-15 years with head louse infestation; 56 were allocated to the Bug Buster kit and 70 to pediculicide treatment. Interventions: Home use of proprietary pediculicides (organophosphate or pyrethroid) or the Bug Buster kit. Main outcome measure: Presence of head lice 2-4 days after end of treatment: day 5 for the pediculicides and day 15 for the Bug Buster kit. Results: The cure rate using the Bug Buster kit was significantly greater than that for the pediculicides (57%v 13%; relative risk 4.4, 95%confi-dence interval 2.3 to 8.5). Number needed to treat for the Bug Buster kit compared with the pediculicides was 2.26. Conclusion: The Bug Buster kit was the most effective over the counter treatment for head louse infestation in the community when compared with pediculicides.
文摘BEING a white South African didn＇t make Sara Blecher part of a privileged community even during, apartheid. ＂On my grandfather＇s side we are Lithuanian Jews and he was the only one who escaped while the rest of the family was murdered during World War Ⅱ,＂ she said. ＂Even though I am white, I am on the wrong side of history.＂
文摘BACKGROUND： Nattokinase （NK） is a serine protease enzyme of the subtilisin family. It exhibits a strong fibrinolytic activity. The fibrinolytic enzymes from Bacillus sp. have attracted interest as thrombolytic agents because of their efficiency in the fibrinolytic process including plasmin activation. METHODS： In the present study, VIT garden soil was collected and subjected to isolation process in order to screen for the NK production. Screening for NK enzyme was performed by radial caseinolytic assay. The production of NK enzyme was done in two different production medium for comparative studies. The NK enzyme was purified by gel permeation chromatography. The activity of the purified NK was checked by clot lysis and casein digestion assay. To investigate the structural basis of NK and fibrinogen interaction and also to identify the best binding mode, molecular dynamics and docking studies were performed. RESULTS： Based on the morphological and biochemical characterization, the isolate was identified as Bacillus sp. The overall purification fold of NK was about 3 with the specific activity of 664U/mg and 9.9% yield. Homogeneity of the purified enzyme was analyzed and confirmed by the single band obtained in SDS-PAGE. Molecular weight of the purified protease was estimated as 25 kDa. Purified NK enzyme exhibited 97% of effective clot lysis activity. The NK was docked in to the knob region of the fibrinogen at its binding site using Dock server. A total of 26 residues of fibrinogen and 29 residues of NK constitute the interface region. However, 9 residues offibrinogen （THR238, MET264, LYS266, ARG275, THR277, ALA279, ASN308, MET310, and LYS321） and 8 residues ofNK （GLY61, SER63, THR99, PHE189, LEU209, TYR217, ASN218, and MET222） are involved in intact binding. CONCLUSIONS： A significant amount of NK enzyme was obtained from Bacillus sp. The docking analysis revealed that the NK and fibrinogen adopt an extended binding pattern and interacts with the crucial residues to exhibit their activity.
文摘针对甘蔗破垄机作业时拨叶圆盘对蔗叶切断和拨开性能差、蔗叶在破垄机前进方向堆积、严重阻碍破垄作业的问题,采用SPH(Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics)和FEM(Finite Element Method)的耦合方法,通过建立拨叶圆盘-蔗叶-土壤系统动力学仿真模型,进行拨叶圆盘作业过程仿真分析,探讨了拨叶圆盘的蔗叶切断机理。结果表明:建立的圆盘-蔗叶-土壤系统动力学仿真模型精度较高,对于层叠的受圆盘切割的蔗叶,不同层的蔗叶受圆盘作用的断裂过程有所不同;上层蔗叶主要由于圆盘的滑切作用而断裂,中层蔗叶由于弯折和圆盘的滑切作用而断裂,下层蔗叶主要由于弯折作用而断裂。
