Holoparasitism is a special life cycle of flowering plants. All carbon resources are provided by photosynthetic host plants. A recent study revealed the presence of endophytic fungi in holoparasitic plants, but their ...Holoparasitism is a special life cycle of flowering plants. All carbon resources are provided by photosynthetic host plants. A recent study revealed the presence of endophytic fungi in holoparasitic plants, but their ecological and evolutionary roles are still unknown. In this study, we examined endophytic fungi isolated from the holoparasitic plant Balanophora japonica (Balanophoraceae), collected from Kochi, Shikoku in western Japan. We isolated 23 fungal strains on inflorescences and tubers from three B. japonica plants at two locations and on one sample of the host plant (Symplocos lancifolia, Symplocaceae). Predominant isolates were Trichoderma-Hypocrea, Penicillium and Phialemonium. The first group was also predominant in the host plant. Fungal composition revealed in this study differed from the composition on B. harlandii or other root holoparasites with endophytic fungal (Rafflesia cantleyi) data. Those differences might be caused by various factors, including growth habits, location, phylogenetic position or host-parasite relationship.展开更多
目的从白蔹中提取分离白蔹多糖,并研究其结构性质。方法经热水提取、乙醇沉淀、Sevag法脱蛋白后得到粗多糖PAJM,进一步用DEAE-Sapharose Fast Flow,Sephadex G-200分离纯化得到PAJM-Ⅰ,对分离到的主要多糖应用高碘酸氧化、高效凝胶渗透...目的从白蔹中提取分离白蔹多糖,并研究其结构性质。方法经热水提取、乙醇沉淀、Sevag法脱蛋白后得到粗多糖PAJM,进一步用DEAE-Sapharose Fast Flow,Sephadex G-200分离纯化得到PAJM-Ⅰ,对分离到的主要多糖应用高碘酸氧化、高效凝胶渗透色谱(HPGPC),GC,GC-MS,IR等方法进行结构分析。结果提取纯化的白蔹多糖(PAJM-Ⅰ)是均一的多糖,相对分子量为3.25×104,鼠李糖,木糖,甘露糖和半乳糖组成摩尔比为:12.98∶23.52∶45.06∶18.44。分子中1→3,1→2,1→6连接的糖苷键数比为51%∶26%:23%。结论首次从白蔹中分离得到PAJM-Ⅰ均一多糖,且PAJM-Ⅰ含有α-D-葡萄吡喃糖。展开更多
Soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura is one of the most important pests in soybean. Life cycle of A. glycines is characterized as heteroecious and holocyclic. The primary hosts of A. glycines are Rhamnus spp. and t...Soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura is one of the most important pests in soybean. Life cycle of A. glycines is characterized as heteroecious and holocyclic. The primary hosts of A. glycines are Rhamnus spp. and the secondary hosts include cultivated soybean, Glycine max(L.) Merr, and wild soybean, Glycine soja Sieb.& Zucc. In this study, A. glycines were fed on Trifolium repens L. and Metaplexis japonica(Thunb.) Makino for three generations and their development, reproduction and body sizes were studied. These data were compared to the control fed on the known hosts, G. max and G. soja. These newly deposited offspring by the 3 rd generation were transferred back onto G. max and these differences in their development, reproduction and body sizes were also studied. It showed that A. glycines all could survive, develop and reproduce well, when they were fed on T. repens and M. japonica for three generations, but there were significant differences in their nymph stage, adult longevity and fecundity, life table parameters and body sizes. When these offspring were transferred back onto G. max which were newly deposited by the 3 rd generation aphids fed on T. repens and M. japonica, they could survive, develop and reproduce well, but there were significant differences in their nymph stage, adult longevity, intrinsic rate of increase and body sizes. It provided important information for studies on host adaptability of A. glycines on T. repens and M. japonica and to make clear the potential that this aphid involved into host biotypes on these plants.展开更多
文摘Holoparasitism is a special life cycle of flowering plants. All carbon resources are provided by photosynthetic host plants. A recent study revealed the presence of endophytic fungi in holoparasitic plants, but their ecological and evolutionary roles are still unknown. In this study, we examined endophytic fungi isolated from the holoparasitic plant Balanophora japonica (Balanophoraceae), collected from Kochi, Shikoku in western Japan. We isolated 23 fungal strains on inflorescences and tubers from three B. japonica plants at two locations and on one sample of the host plant (Symplocos lancifolia, Symplocaceae). Predominant isolates were Trichoderma-Hypocrea, Penicillium and Phialemonium. The first group was also predominant in the host plant. Fungal composition revealed in this study differed from the composition on B. harlandii or other root holoparasites with endophytic fungal (Rafflesia cantleyi) data. Those differences might be caused by various factors, including growth habits, location, phylogenetic position or host-parasite relationship.
文摘目的从白蔹中提取分离白蔹多糖,并研究其结构性质。方法经热水提取、乙醇沉淀、Sevag法脱蛋白后得到粗多糖PAJM,进一步用DEAE-Sapharose Fast Flow,Sephadex G-200分离纯化得到PAJM-Ⅰ,对分离到的主要多糖应用高碘酸氧化、高效凝胶渗透色谱(HPGPC),GC,GC-MS,IR等方法进行结构分析。结果提取纯化的白蔹多糖(PAJM-Ⅰ)是均一的多糖,相对分子量为3.25×104,鼠李糖,木糖,甘露糖和半乳糖组成摩尔比为:12.98∶23.52∶45.06∶18.44。分子中1→3,1→2,1→6连接的糖苷键数比为51%∶26%:23%。结论首次从白蔹中分离得到PAJM-Ⅰ均一多糖,且PAJM-Ⅰ含有α-D-葡萄吡喃糖。
基金Supported by Funding(C2015012) from the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China and Postdoctoral Scientific Research Developmental Fund of Heilongjiang Province,China(LBH-Q15015)
文摘Soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura is one of the most important pests in soybean. Life cycle of A. glycines is characterized as heteroecious and holocyclic. The primary hosts of A. glycines are Rhamnus spp. and the secondary hosts include cultivated soybean, Glycine max(L.) Merr, and wild soybean, Glycine soja Sieb.& Zucc. In this study, A. glycines were fed on Trifolium repens L. and Metaplexis japonica(Thunb.) Makino for three generations and their development, reproduction and body sizes were studied. These data were compared to the control fed on the known hosts, G. max and G. soja. These newly deposited offspring by the 3 rd generation were transferred back onto G. max and these differences in their development, reproduction and body sizes were also studied. It showed that A. glycines all could survive, develop and reproduce well, when they were fed on T. repens and M. japonica for three generations, but there were significant differences in their nymph stage, adult longevity and fecundity, life table parameters and body sizes. When these offspring were transferred back onto G. max which were newly deposited by the 3 rd generation aphids fed on T. repens and M. japonica, they could survive, develop and reproduce well, but there were significant differences in their nymph stage, adult longevity, intrinsic rate of increase and body sizes. It provided important information for studies on host adaptability of A. glycines on T. repens and M. japonica and to make clear the potential that this aphid involved into host biotypes on these plants.
