The B-site ordering in RFe_(0.5)Cr_(0.5)O_(3)ceramics and its effect on magnetic properties

To insight into the B-site ordering in RFe_(0.5)Cr_(0.5)O_(3)ceramics,a series of RFe_(0.5)Cr_(0.5)O_(3)ceramics(R=La,Y,Lu)were synthesized by the sol-gel method,and the structural and magnetic properties were systemically investigated.By using the Rietveld refinement of all samples,it is found that the structural distortion is increased as the R ionic radius decreases,leading to the weakened interactions between Fe/Cr ions.Moreover,the Fe and Cr are arranged in disorder in LaFe_(0.5)Cr_(0.5)O_(3),but partially ordered in YFe_(0.5)Cr_(0.5)O_(3)and LuFe_(0.5)Cr_(0.5)O_(3),showing an increasing trend of the proportion of ordered domains with the decrease of R ionic radius.Through fitting the temperature-dependent magnetizations,it is identified that the magnetization reversal(MR)in disorder LaFe_(0.5)Cr_(0.5)O_(3)is resulted from the competition between the moments of Cr and Fe sublattices.In the partially ordered YFe_(0.5)Cr_(0.5)O_(3)and LuFe_(0.5)Cr_(0.5)O_(3)ceramics,because of the presence of Fe-O-Cr networks in the ordered domains whose moment is antiparallel to that of Fe-O-Fe and Cr-O-Cr in the disordered domains,the compensation temperature T_(comp)of MR is increased by nearly 50 K.These results suggest that the changing of R-site ions could be used very effectively to modify the Fe-O-Cr ordering,apart from the structural distortion,which has a direct effect on the magnetic exchange interactions in RFe_(0.5)Cr_(0.5)O_(3)ceramics.Then at values of composition where ordered domains are expected to be larger in number as compared to disordered domains and with a weaker structural distortion,one can expect a higher transition temperature Tcomp,providing a different view for adjustment of the magnetic properties of RFe_(0.5)Cr_(0.5)O_(3)ceramics for practical applications.

Penetration resistance of Al_(2)O_(3) ceramic-ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene(UHMWPE)composite armor:Experimental and numerical investigations

To enhance the protective performance of ceramic composite armor,ballistic penetration experiments were conducted on Al_(2)O_(3) ceramic-ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene(UHMWPE)composite armor with different thickness configurations.The damage and failure modes of hard projectiles and ceramic-fiber composite targets were analyzed.The recovered projectiles and ceramic fragments were sieved and weighed at multiple stages,revealing a positive correlation between the degree of fragmentation of the projectiles and ceramics and the overall ballistic resistance of the composite targets.Numerical simulations were performed using the LS-DYNA finite element software,and the simulation results showed high consistency with the experimental results,confirming the validity of the material parameters.The results indicate that the projectile heads primarily exhibited crushing and abrasive fragmentation.Larger projectile fragments mainly resulted from tensile and shear stress-induced failure.The failure modes of the composite targets included the formation of ceramic cones and radial cracks under high-velocity impacts.The UHMWPE laminated plates exhibited interlayer separation caused by tensile waves,permanent plastic deformation of the rear surface bulging,and perforation failure primarily due to shear forces.Through extended numerical simulations,while maintaining the same areal density and configuration of9 mm Al_(2)O_(3) ceramic+12 mm UHMWPE laminated composite armor,the thickness configurations of the Al_(2)O_(3) ceramic and UHMWPE laminated backplates were varied,and various thicknesses of UHMWPE laminates were simulated as the cover layer for the ceramic panels.The simulation results indicated that the composite armor configuration of 10 mm Al_(2)O_(3) ceramic+8 mm UHMWPE composite armor increased energy absorption by13.48%.When altering the cover layer thickness,a 4 mm UHMWPE+9 mm Al_(2)O_(3)+8 mm UHMWPE composite armor demonstrated a 27.11%improvement in energy absorption,showing a relatively significant enhancement.

砂磨固相法快速制备Ca掺杂的BaTiO_(3)陶瓷及其结构和电性能研究

Ca^(2+)可掺杂在BaTiO_(3)(BT)陶瓷的A及B位。本文中系统研究B位掺杂Ca元素对BaTiO_(3)陶瓷的相结构与微观形貌、介电性能、可靠性和铁电性能的影响。采用砂磨-固相反应-造粒-压片方法制备BaTi_(1-x)Ca_(x)O_(3)-x(BTC-x,其中x=0,0.01,0.02,0.03,0.04)陶瓷样品。随着Ca掺杂量的增加,陶瓷样品的晶粒尺寸先增大后减小,样品居里温度T_(c)持续降低,其中BTC-1样品具有较高和较宽的介电峰及极小的损耗。利用高温阻抗谱对样品进行了可靠性分析,可知BTC-2的电学失效的风险最分散。由P-E电滞回线可知:在掺杂样品中,BTC-2的P_(max)值最大,归因于其内部可供极化的空间电荷浓度高。综上所述,当Ca元素在BT的B位掺杂量较低时,BTC材料具有良好的介电性能及可靠性,能应用于片式多层陶瓷电容器(Multi-layer Ceramic Capacitors,MLCC)行业。

微/纳结构Cr_(3)C_(2)-NiCr陶瓷涂层在3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀磨损行为

目的设计并制备微/纳结构Cr_(3)C_(2)-NiCr陶瓷涂层,以改善机械部件的耐腐蚀磨损性能。方法采用行星式球磨机结合喷雾造粒仪制备了微/纳结构Cr_(3)C_(2)粉体,造粒得到的Cr_(3)C_(2)粉体与NiCr粉混合均匀后通过等离子喷涂技术,在316L不锈钢基体上制备了微/纳结构Cr_(3)C_(2)-NiCr复合涂层。利用球-盘式往复摩擦磨损试验机结合电化学工作站,研究了3.5%NaCl水溶液中复合涂层的腐蚀磨损性能。利用扫描电镜观察了复合粉体、复合涂层和复合涂层腐蚀磨损后的微观形貌,利用X射线衍射仪分析了复合粉体和复合涂层的相变。结果复合粉体表面大小颗粒随机分布,表面结构致密。4种复合涂层显微结构致密,未见明显孔隙及裂纹生成。WNC3(纳米Cr_(3)C_(2)含量)复合涂层的孔隙率低至0.7%,显微硬度为853.26HV0.3。WNC3涂层所遭受的腐蚀程度最小。复合涂层动态下的自腐蚀电流密度相较于静态下有所升高,磨损和腐蚀的共同作用导致滑动接触下涂层的腐蚀速率大于静态下的涂层腐蚀速率。WNC3复合涂层的平均摩擦因数(约0.20)和磨损率(约9.7×10^(‒7)mm^(3)/(N·m))均最低。在摩擦过程中,磨损痕迹内部的腐蚀电流密度较高,腐蚀溶液通过涂层的缺陷不断向涂层内部扩散,导致局部剥落面积扩大。结论添加50%纳米Cr_(3)C_(2)晶粒使涂层内部更加致密,涂层孔隙率降低,显微硬度增加,在3.5%NaCl水溶液中表现出优异的耐腐蚀磨损性能。复合涂层在3.5%NaCl水溶液中腐蚀磨损时,腐蚀会降低复合涂层的机械性能,增加复合涂层的磨损;而磨损会导致复合涂层暴露出更多的缺陷,进而增加腐蚀发生的可能。

Interface characteristics of Al_2O_3－13%TiO_2 ceramic coatings prepared by laser cladding

Al2O3-13%TiO2 （mass fraction） coatings, prepared by laser cladding on nickel-based alloy, were heated using high frequency induction sources. The coating microstructure and the interface between bond coating and ceramic coating were characterized by SEM, XRD and EDS. The results show that two-layer substructure exists in the ceramic coating： one layer evolving from fully melted region where the sintered grains grow fully; another layer resembling the liquid-phase-sintered structure consisting of three-dimensional net where the melted Al2O3 particles are embedded in the TiO2-rich matrix. The mechanism of the two-layer substructure formation is also explained in terms of the melting and flattening behavior of the powders during laser cladding processing. The spinel compounds NiAl2O4 and acicular compounds Cr2O3 are discovered in the interface between bond coating and ceramic coating. It proves that the chemical reactions in the laser cladding process will significantly enhance the coating adhesion.

Dielectric properties and phase transitions of La_2O_3- and Sb_2O_3-doped barium strontium titanate ceramics

The dielectric properties and phase transition characteristics of La2O3- and Sb2O3-doped barium strontium titanate ceramics prepared by solid state route were investigated. The microstructure was identified by X-ray diffraction method and scanning electron microscope was also employed to observe the surface morphologies. It is found that （La,Sb）-codoped barium strontium titanate ceramics exhibit typical perovskite structure and the average grain size decreases dramatically with increasing the content of Sb2O3. Both La3＋ ions and Sb3＋ ions occupy the A-sites in perovskite lattice. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of barium strontium titanate based ceramics are obviously influenced by La2O3 as well as Sb2O3 addition content. The tetragonal-cubic phase transition of La2O3 modified barium strontium titanate ceramics is of second order and the Curie temperature shifts to lower value with increasing the La2O3 doping content. The phase transition of （La,Sb）-codoped barium strontium titanate ceramics diffuses and the deviation from Curie-Weiss law becomes more obvious with the increase in Sb2O3 concentration. The temperature corresponding to the dielectric constant maximum of （La,Sb）-codoped barium strontium titanate ceramics decreases with increasing the Sb2O3 content, which is attributed to the replacement of host ions by the Sb3＋ ions.

Effects of dwell time during sintering on electrical properties of 0.98(K_(0.5)Na_(0.5))NbO_3-0.02LaFeO_3 ceramics

The effects of dwell time on the phase structure, microstructure, and electrical properties were investigated for the 0.98（K0.sNa0.5）NbO3-0.02LaFeO3 ceramics （abbreviated as 0.98KNN-0.02LF）. All the ceramics sintered for different dwell time are of pure phase and the peak intensity of the 0.98KNN-0.02LF ceramics becomes stronger with a longer dwell time. Denser microstructures with larger grain size are developed for the sample with a longer dwell time. The maximum dielectric permittivity decreases with increasing the dwell time, and the deteriorative dielectric properties are due to the increasing grain size and the domain wall motion. Ferroelectric properties results indicate that 2Pr value slightly decreases with increasing the dwell time, while the 2Ec value increases. Consequently, the 0.98KNN-0.02LF ceramic sintered at 1150 ℃ for 2 h shows optimum dielectric properties （er=2253 and tan fi〈5%） and ferroelectric properties （2Pr=34.51 gC/cm2 and 2Ec=5.07 kV/mm）.

基于分形理论的旋转超声磨削Si_(3)N_(4)陶瓷表面微观形貌

为了研究旋转超声磨削Si_(3)N_(4)陶瓷表面的微观形貌,基于分形理论研究不同加工参数下Si_(3)N_(4)陶瓷表面微观形貌的变化。设计旋转超声磨削Si_(3)N_(4)陶瓷正交试验,对比分析不同加工参数对Si_(3)N_(4)陶瓷表面分形维数和多重分形谱的影响,并设计单因素试验研究不同加工参数下Si_(3)N_(4)陶瓷表面的粗糙度、分形维数和多重分形谱。结果表明:旋转超声磨削Si_(3)N_(4)陶瓷表面时,分形维数能更好地表征其加工表面的缺陷状态,多重分形谱则能更好地表征其加工表面缺陷的起伏程度变化。

Ti_(3)SiC_(2)陶瓷材料制备方法研究进展

作为MAX相家族重要成员,钛硅化碳Ti_(3)SiC_(2)除了具有耐高温、抗氧化性能外,还具有与金属类似的优异导电性、导热性和可加工性,在电接触材料、热交换器构件材料、润滑材料等领域展现出较大的应用潜力,成为当前一种备受关注的新型陶瓷材料。现有的Ti_(3)SiC_(2)制备方法主要有无压烧结、热压烧结、热等静压、放电等离子烧结、前驱体转换陶瓷、反应熔体浸渗法、熔盐法、化学气相沉积、物理气相沉积等。本文首先阐述了Ti_(3)SiC_(2)材料的结构与性能,然后重点综述了国内外Ti_(3)SiC_(2)陶瓷材料的制备方法,最后展望了Ti_(3)SiC_(2)陶瓷材料的应用前景。

纳米Cr_(2)O_(3)对铝合金微弧氧化膜组织和性能的影响

在恒流模式下对7050铝合金开展微弧氧化试验。用SEM、EDS、XRD、膜层测厚仪、维氏硬度计、电化学工作站和磨损试验机等研究了不同纳米Cr_(2)O_(3)含量对7050铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜组织和性能的影响。结果表明:添加纳米Cr_(2)O_(3)能减小陶瓷膜孔径,提升致密度,优化陶瓷膜结构;当纳米Cr_(2)O_(3)由1 g/L增至5 g/L时,陶瓷膜的厚度、硬度均先增后减;与未添加相比,添加纳米Cr_(2)O_(3)的陶瓷膜的耐蚀性和耐磨性均明显提升;陶瓷膜主要由γ-Al_(2)O_(3)相和少量的α-Al_(2)O_(3)相、莫来石相、Cr_(2)O_(3)相构成;总体来看,当纳米Cr_(2)O_(3)为3 g/L时,陶瓷膜的性能最优,厚度、显微硬度、自腐蚀电流和磨耗比分别为30.98μm、1273HV0.1、5.162×10^(-8)A/cm^(2)、0.0913%。

Preparation and Luminescence of Er^(3+) Doped Oxyfluoride Glass Ceramics Containing LaF_3 Nanocrystals

Er^3＋ doped transparent oxyfluoride glass ceramics version and near infrared luminescence behavior of Er^3＋ in containing LaF3 nanocrystals were prepared and the up-conglasses heat-treating time and temperature, the size （varied from 0 to 19 and glass ceramics were investigated. With increasing nm） and crystallinity （varied from 0 to 47%） of LaF3 nanocrystals in the glass ceramics are increased. The up-conversion luminescence intensity of Er^3＋ ions in the glass ceramics is much stronger than that in the glasses The near infrared emission of Er^3＋ ions in and increased significantly with increasing heat-treating time and temperature the glass ceramics is found to be similar to that in the glasses.

Optical temperature sensor based on up-conversion fluorescence emission in Yb^(3+):Er^(3+) co-doped ceramics glass

yb^3＋：Er^3＋ co-doped oxy-fluoride ceramics glass has been prepared. The mechanism of up-conversion emissions about Er^3＋ was discussed, and the temperature properties of green up-conversion fluorescence between 303 and 823 K were investigated. The results show that the sensitivity of this sample reaches its maximum value, about 0.0047 K^-1, when the temperature is 383 K, indicating that this kind of sample can be used as high temperature and high sensitivity optical temperature sensor.

造孔剂对多孔Si_(3)N_(4)陶瓷透气系数的影响

为改善多孔Si_(3)N_(4)陶瓷的透气性,以Si粉为原料,Y_(2)O_(3)和CaF_(2)为烧结助剂,粒径为5和20μm的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微球为造孔剂,先注凝成型再排胶,最后在氮气气氛中于1650℃保温3 h反应烧结,制备了多孔Si_(3)N_(4)陶瓷。研究了造孔剂粒径和添加量(体积分数分别为0、15%、30%、45%和60%)对多孔Si_(3)N_(4)陶瓷显气孔率、孔径分布、孔结构、透气系数等的影响。结果表明:1)添加造孔剂的试样呈堆积衍生孔和球形演化孔的二级孔结构,孔径呈双峰分布;2)在粒径相同时,随着造孔剂添加量的增加,试样的显气孔率和透气系数增大,而体积密度、弯曲强度、断裂韧性降低;3)相同添加量下,添加5μm的小粒径造孔剂的试样具有更高的显气孔率、透气系数和弯曲强度,采用较小粒径的造孔剂能减小孔壁的厚度,并扩大孔壁内堆积衍生孔的孔径,提高孔壁的渗透性;4)添加体积分数为60%的5μm造孔剂的试样综合性能最优,其显气孔率、透气系数和弯曲强度分别为55.1%、11.6×10^(-14)m^(2)和35.3 MPa。

Digital Light Processing 3D-Printed Ceramic Metamaterials for Electromagnetic Wave Absorption

Combining 3D printing with precursor-derived ceramic for fabricating electromagnetic(EM) wave-absorbing metamaterials has attracted great attention. This study presents a novel ultraviolet-curable polysiloxane precursor for digital light processing(DLP) 3D printing to fabricate ceramic parts with complex geometry, no cracks and linear shrinkage. Guiding with the principles of impedance matching, attenuation, and effective-medium theory, we design a crosshelix-array metamaterial model based on the complex permittivity constant of precursor-derived ceramics. The corresponding ceramic metamaterials can be successfully prepared by DLP printing and subsequent pyrolysis process, achieving a low reflection coefficient and a wide effective absorption bandwidth in the X-band even under high temperature. This is a general method that can be extended to other bands, which can be realized by merely adjusting the unit structure of meta-materials. This strategy provides a novel and effective avenue to achieve “target-design-fabricating” ceramic metamaterials, and it exposes the downstream applications of highly efficient and broad EM wave-absorbing materials and structures with great potential applications.

ELASTIC BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS OF 3D ANGLE-INTERLOCK WOVEN CERAMIC COMPOSITES

A micromechanical model for elastic behavior analysis of angle-interlock woven ceramic composites is proposed in this paper. This model takes into account the actual fabric structure by considering the fiber undulation and continuity in space, the cavities between adjacent yarns and the actual cross-section geometry of the yarn. Based on the laminate theory, the elastic properties of 3D angle-interlock woven ceramic composites are predicted. Different numbers of interlaced wefts have almost the same elastic moduli. The thickness of ceramic matrix has little effect on elastic moduli. When the undulation ratio increases longitudinal modulus decreases and the other Young＇s moduli increase. Good agreement between theoretical predictions and experimental results demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed model in analyzing the elastic properties of 3D angle-interlock woven ceramic composites. The results of this paper verify the fact that the method of analyzing polyester matrix composites is suitable for woven ceramic composites.

Preparation of Crack-free 3Y-TZP/Al_2O_3 Composite Ceramic Fiber by Electrolysis-sol-gel Method

Polycrystalline 3Y-TZP/Al2O3 tetragonal zirconia fiber was obtained by the pyrolysis of gel fibers using zirconium oxychloride octahydrate（ZOC） as the raw material. The spinnable zirconia sol was prepared by electrolyzing the zirco-nium oxychloride octahydrate（ZOC） solution in the presence of acetic acid and sugar（ sucrose, glucrose or fructose） , in which the molar ratios of CH3 COOH/ZOC and sugar/ZOC were 1.0-4.0 and 0.2-0.4, respectively. The pre- pared tetragonal zireonia fibers sintered at different temperatures showed smooth and crack-free surfaces with diame, ters of 5-10 μm. The addition of Al2O3 enhanced the sintering process and prevented the crystals from growing. Thermogravimetric analysis（TG）, X-ray diffraction （ XRD ）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR）, and scanning electron microscope（SEM） techniques were used to characterize the prepared fibers.

Microstructure and electrical properties of Lu_2O_3-doped ZnO-Bi_2O_3-based varistor ceramics

Lu2O3-doped ZnO-Bi2O3-based varistor ceramics samples were prepared by a conventional mixed oxide route and sintered at temperatures in the range of 900-1 000°C,and the microstructures of the varistor ceramics samples were characterized by X-ray diffractometry(XRD)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM);at the same time,the electrical properties and V-I characteristics of the varistor ceramics samples were investigated by a DC parameter instrument for varistors.The results show that the ZnO-Bi2O3-based varistor ceramics with 0.3%Lu2O3(molar fraction)sintered at 950°C exhibit comparatively ideal comprehensive electrical properties.The XRD analysis of the samples shows the presence of ZnO,Bi-rich,spinel Zn7Sb2O12 and Lu2O3-based phases.

Preparation and Characterization of Nanotitanium Dioxide Coating Film Doped with Fe^(3+) Ions on Porous Ceramic

The nanotitanium dioxide （TiO2） photocatalytic and porous ceramic filtering technique is one of the advanced methods to effectively treat organic wastewater. The TiO2 sol doped with Fe^3＋ ions was prepared by sol-gel processing. The influences of the process conditions of coating nanophotocatalytic material- Fe^3＋-TiO2 film on the surface of porous ceramic filter by dipping-lift method on the performance of porous ceramic filter were studied. The porous ceramic filters have two functions at the same time, filtration and photocatalytic degradation. The results of this study showed that the pH and viscosity of the sol, amount of Fe^3＋ ions doped as well as the coating times greatly affect the quality of coating film, the performance parameters and the photocatalytic activity of the porous ceramic filter. When the pH of the sol is 3-4, the viscosity is about 6 mPa.S, the amount of doped Fe^3＋ ions is about 2.0 g/L, the porous ceramic filter has been shown to have the best filtering performance and photocatalytic activity. In this condition, the porosity of porous ceramic is about 42.5%, the pore diameter is 8-10μm. The degradation of methyl-orange is 74.76% under lighting for 120 rain.

Fabrication of ultrahigh density ZnO-Al_2O_3 ceramic composites by slip casting

The conditions of ZnO-Al2O3 aqueous suspensions and slip casting were optimized to obtain dense green compacts and further to obtain high density ZnO-Al2O3 ceramic composites.The Zeta potential of raw powders was measured.ZnO and Al2O3 powders have lower Zeta potential than-45 mV commonly at pH 8-10.3 with polyacrylic acid(PAA)added.The influence of pH and the mass fraction of the additives on the stability and fluidity of the suspensions added with PAA and polyethylene glycol(PEG) was investigated by experiments of viscosity and sedimentation.The suspensions have the lowest viscosity and the best stability at pH 9 with 0.2%PAA(mass fraction).The maximum density of green compacts is 66.6%of theoretical density(TD)with compacting and homogeneous green particles.An ultrahigh density sintered compact(>99.6%TD)could be obtained after pressureless sintering at 1 400℃for 2 h.

3D printing of calcium phosphate bioceramic with tailored biodegradation rate for skull bone tissue reconstruction

The bone regenerative scaffold with the tailored degradation rate matching with the growth rate of the new bone is essential for adolescent bone repair.To satisfy these requirement,we proposed bone tissue scaffolds with controlled degradation rate using osteoinductive materials(Ca-P bioceramics),which is expected to present a controllable biodegradation rate for patients who need bone regeneration.Physicochemical properties,porosity,compressive strength and degradation properties of the scaffolds were studied.3D printed Ca-P scaffold(3DS),gas foaming Ca-P scaffold(FS)and autogenous bone(AB)were used in vivo for personalized beagle skull defect repair.Histological results indicated that the 3DS was highly vascularized and well combined with surrounding tissues.FS showed obvious newly formed bone tissues.AB showed the best repair effect,but it was found that AB scaffolds were partially absorbed and degraded.This study indicated that the 3D printed Ca-P bioceramics with tailored biodegradation rate is a promising candidate for personalized skull bone tissue reconstruction.