BACKGROUND In endemic areas,vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus(HBV)remains a major source of the global reservoir of infected people.Eliminating mother-to-child transmission(MTCT)of HBV is at the heart of Worl...BACKGROUND In endemic areas,vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus(HBV)remains a major source of the global reservoir of infected people.Eliminating mother-to-child transmission(MTCT)of HBV is at the heart of World Health Organization’s goal of reducing the incidence of HBV in children to less than 0.1%by 2030.Universal screening for hepatitis B during pregnancy and neonatal vaccination are the main preventive measures.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of HBV vaccination combined with one dose of immunoglobulin in children born to hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)-positive mothers in Djibouti city.METHODS We conducted a study in a prospective cohort of HBsAg-positive pregnant women and their infants.The study ran from January 2021 to May 2022,and infants were followed up to 7 mo of age.HBV serological markers and viral load in pregnant women were measured using aVidas microparticle enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(Biomérieux,Paris,France)and the automated Amplix platform(Biosynex,Strasbourg,France).All infants received hepatitis B immunoglobulin and were vaccinated against HBV at birth.These infants were closely monitored to assess their seroprotective response and for failure of immunoprophylaxis.Simple logistic regression was also used to identify risk factors associated with immunoprophylaxis failure and poor vaccine response.All statistical analyses were performed with version 4.0.1 of the R software.RESULTS Of the 50 pregnant women recruited,the median age was 31 years,ranging from 18 years to 41 years.The MTCT rate in this cohort was 4%(2/50)in HBsAg-positive women and 67%(2/3)in hepatitis B e antigen-positive women with a viral load>200000 IU/mL.Of the 48 infants who did not fail immunoprophylaxis,8(16%)became poor responders(anti-HB<100 mIU/mL)after HBV vaccination and hepatitis B immunoglobulin,while 40(84%)infants achieved a good level of seroprotection(anti-HB>100 mIU/mL).Factors associated with this failure of immunoprophylaxis were maternal HBV DNA levels(>200000 IU/mL)and hepatitis B e antigen-positive status(odds ratio=158,95%confidence interval:5.05-4958,P<0.01).Birth weight<2500 g was associated with a poor immune response to vaccination(odds ratio=34,95%confidence interval:3.01-383.86,P<0.01).CONCLUSION Despite a failure rate of immunoprophylaxis higher than the World Health Organization target,this study showed that the combination of immunoglobulin and HBV vaccine was effective in preventing MTCT of HBV.Therefore,further studies are needed to better understand the challenges associated with immunoprophylaxis failure in infants in Djibouti city.展开更多
目的观察乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)感染孕妇所分娩婴儿对乙肝疫苗免疫的持久性.方法选取2016年9月至2018年6月在哈尔滨医科大学附属第四医院就诊的HBV感染和未感染孕妇共90例,以其分娩的90例婴幼儿为观察对象.其中HBV感染孕...目的观察乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)感染孕妇所分娩婴儿对乙肝疫苗免疫的持久性.方法选取2016年9月至2018年6月在哈尔滨医科大学附属第四医院就诊的HBV感染和未感染孕妇共90例,以其分娩的90例婴幼儿为观察对象.其中HBV感染孕妇(60例)根据其妊娠期间是否口服替诺福韦酯(tenofovir disoproxil fumarate,TDF)分为抗病毒治疗组(30例)和未抗病毒治疗组(30例),抗病毒治疗组孕妇所分娩婴幼儿30例,未抗病毒治疗组30例.未感染HBV孕妇所分娩的30例婴幼儿为健康对照组.所有婴幼儿均于0、1、6个月注射乙肝疫苗,HBsAg阳性孕妇分娩的婴幼儿在出生后12 h内注射乙肝免疫球蛋白(hepatitis B immunoglobulin,HBIG).记录3组孕妇的分娩年龄、孕周及有无相关妊娠合并症、并发症,所分娩婴幼儿的体质量及性别.观察所有婴幼儿7月龄时HBsAg及HBV DNA阳性率,进一步观察7月龄、10月龄、1周岁、1.5周岁和2周岁时HBsAb滴度及其变化趋势.结果 3组孕妇的分娩年龄、孕周,所分娩婴幼儿的体质量及性别差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);3组婴幼儿7月龄时HBsAg及HBV DNA阳性率均为0.00%,HBsAb滴度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).HBV感染孕妇所分娩的婴幼儿,从10月龄开始其HBsAb滴度均显著低于正常对照组(P<0.05);抗病毒治疗组和未抗病毒治疗组HBV感染孕妇所分娩婴幼儿7月龄、10月龄、1周岁、1.5周岁及2周岁时HBsAb滴度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但与正常对照组婴幼儿相比,HBsAb下降较快.结论 HBV感染孕妇所分娩婴幼儿在完成乙肝疫苗全程计划免疫后,7月龄时HBsAb滴度较正常婴幼儿无显著差异,但7月龄后其HBsAb滴度随时间下降较快,需密切观察,以降低产后婴幼儿HBV感染风险.展开更多
基金Supported by the Attestation de Financement de These de Doctorat,Dakar le 28/10/2019.
文摘BACKGROUND In endemic areas,vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus(HBV)remains a major source of the global reservoir of infected people.Eliminating mother-to-child transmission(MTCT)of HBV is at the heart of World Health Organization’s goal of reducing the incidence of HBV in children to less than 0.1%by 2030.Universal screening for hepatitis B during pregnancy and neonatal vaccination are the main preventive measures.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of HBV vaccination combined with one dose of immunoglobulin in children born to hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)-positive mothers in Djibouti city.METHODS We conducted a study in a prospective cohort of HBsAg-positive pregnant women and their infants.The study ran from January 2021 to May 2022,and infants were followed up to 7 mo of age.HBV serological markers and viral load in pregnant women were measured using aVidas microparticle enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(Biomérieux,Paris,France)and the automated Amplix platform(Biosynex,Strasbourg,France).All infants received hepatitis B immunoglobulin and were vaccinated against HBV at birth.These infants were closely monitored to assess their seroprotective response and for failure of immunoprophylaxis.Simple logistic regression was also used to identify risk factors associated with immunoprophylaxis failure and poor vaccine response.All statistical analyses were performed with version 4.0.1 of the R software.RESULTS Of the 50 pregnant women recruited,the median age was 31 years,ranging from 18 years to 41 years.The MTCT rate in this cohort was 4%(2/50)in HBsAg-positive women and 67%(2/3)in hepatitis B e antigen-positive women with a viral load>200000 IU/mL.Of the 48 infants who did not fail immunoprophylaxis,8(16%)became poor responders(anti-HB<100 mIU/mL)after HBV vaccination and hepatitis B immunoglobulin,while 40(84%)infants achieved a good level of seroprotection(anti-HB>100 mIU/mL).Factors associated with this failure of immunoprophylaxis were maternal HBV DNA levels(>200000 IU/mL)and hepatitis B e antigen-positive status(odds ratio=158,95%confidence interval:5.05-4958,P<0.01).Birth weight<2500 g was associated with a poor immune response to vaccination(odds ratio=34,95%confidence interval:3.01-383.86,P<0.01).CONCLUSION Despite a failure rate of immunoprophylaxis higher than the World Health Organization target,this study showed that the combination of immunoglobulin and HBV vaccine was effective in preventing MTCT of HBV.Therefore,further studies are needed to better understand the challenges associated with immunoprophylaxis failure in infants in Djibouti city.
