ACUPUNCTURE TREATMENT OF 55 CASES OF ACUTE BACILLARY DYSENTERY

The therapeutic effect of acupuncture on bacillary dysentery was observed in 55 patients suffering from acute bacillary dysentery. Bilateral Tianshu (ST 25) and Zusanli (ST 36) points were chosen as the main points and Quchi was added for those with high fever. All the patients in this investigation were cured after one course of acupuncture treatment. It was noticed that their symptoms disappeared after average of 2. 4 days and stool laboratory test normalized after 2. 8 days on an average.It is concluded that acupuncture is effective and applicable to bacillary dysentery.

Bacillary layer detachment presenting with posterior scleritis:case report

Background:Bacillary layer detachment(BALAD)is a phenomenon characterized by fluid accumulation at the myoid region of the inner photoreceptor segments identifiable on optical coherence tomography(OCT)imaging.This finding has been recently described in patients with diverse primary diagnoses which share the common feature of serous exudation in the posterior pole.However,thus far there have been very few reports in the literature of BALAD in patients with posterior scleritis.Case Description:A 16-year-old male presented with unilateral vision changes that acutely worsened overnight to significant unilateral vision loss.He was eventually diagnosed with idiopathic posterior scleritis with associated BALAD on OCT.Similar to other reported cases of BALAD,he experienced anatomic restoration of the outer retina followed by good visual recovery after treatment with high dose steroid,ultimately with complete recovery of both retinal anatomy and vision within 4 months.Conclusions:This case provides further evidence that posterior scleritis can be a cause of BALAD.The rapid presentation and excellent visual and anatomical outcome of this case is entirely consistent with known descriptions of BALAD in a variety of other conditions,further supporting the categorization of BALAD as an entity which retinal specialists should be able to recognize as distinct from other forms of intraretinal fluid,retinal detachment,and retinoschisis.

葡萄糖对Starmerella bacillaris香草醛耐受能力的影响

分析典型酚类抑制剂香草醛对酵母Starmerella bacillaris R5生长和产乙醇的影响,同时分析改变葡萄糖的质量分数对其生长和发酵性能的影响。结果表明在3 g/L香草醛质量浓度下,将培养基中的葡萄糖质量分数从2%提高至6%可将延滞期缩短25.92%,比生长速率提高82.1%,乙醇转化率提高17.88%。进一步分析表明葡萄糖质量分数的提高还使含有活性氧的细胞比例增加、膜渗透率及胞内H2O2含量降低。过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性分别提高58%、35.5%和2.3倍,胞内甘油质量浓度提高1.82倍。另外与糖代谢相关的丙酮酸激酶活性降低54.5%,己糖激酶和6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶活性提高4.16倍和11.8倍,NADPH浓度提高19.4%,己糖激酶、6-磷酸果糖激酶、异柠檬酸脱氢酶、6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶、乙醇脱氢酶、丙酮酸脱羧酶、醛酮还原酶基因水平分别上调4.6、2.5、13.9、12.2、17.5、34.8、34.9倍。葡萄糖质量分数的增加主要是通过提高细胞内抗氧化酶的活性,减弱氧化损伤,为酵母提供更多的腺苷三磷酸以及还原力以应对胁迫环境,从而提高乙醇的转化速率。本研究结果可为进一步利用S. bacillaris产纤维素乙醇提供新思路。

Correlation Analysis for the Attack of Bacillary Dysentery and Meteorological Factors Based on the Chinese Medicine Theory of Yunqi and the Medical-Meteorological Forecast Model

Objective： To explore the impact of meteorological factors on the outbreak of bacillary dysentery, so as to provide suggestions for disease prevention. Methods： Based on the Chinese medicine theory of Yunqi, the descriptive statistics, single-factor correlation analysis and back-propagation artificial neural net-work were conducted using data on five basic meteorological factors and data on incidence of bacillary dysentery in Beijing, China, for the period 1970-2004. Results： The incidence of bacillary dysentery showed significant positive correlation relationship with the precipitation, relative humidity, vapor pressure, and temperature, respectively. The incidence of bacillary dysentery showed a negatively correlated relationship with the wind speed and the change trend of average wind speed. The results of medical-meteorological forecast model showed a relatively high accuracy rate. Conclusions： There is a close relationship between the meteorological factors and the incidence of bacillary dysentery, but the contributions of which to the onset of bacillary dysentery are different to each other.

Seasonal and geographical distribution of bacillary dysentery(shigellosis)and associated climate risk factors in Kon Tum Province in Vietnam from 1999 to 2013

Background:Bacillary dysentery(BD)is an acute bacterial infection of the intestine caused by Shigella spp.,with clinical symptoms ranging from fever to bloody diarrhoea to abdominal cramps to tenesmus.In Vietnam,enteric bacterial pathogens are an important cause of diarrhoea and most cases in children under 5 years of age are due to Shigella strains.The serogroups S.flexneri and S.sonnei are considered to be the most common.The main objective of this study was to,for the first time,assess the seasonal patterns and geographic distribution of BD in Vietnam,and to determine the climate risk factors associated with the incidence of BD in Kon Tum Province,where the highest rate of bacillary dysentery was observed from 1999 to 2013.Methods:The seasonal patterns and geographic distribution of BD was assessed in Vietnam using a seasonaltrend decomposition procedure based on loess.In addition,negative binomial regression models were used to determine the climate risk factors associated with the incidence of BD in Kon Tum Province,from 1999 to 2013.Results:Overall,incidence rates of BD have slightly decreased over time(except for an extremely high incidence in 2012 in the north of Vietnam).The central regions(north/south central coast and central highlands)had relatively high incidence rates,whereas the northwest/east and Red River Delta regions had low incidence rates.Overall,seasonal plots showed a high peak in the mid-rainy reason and a second smaller peak in the early or late rainy season.The incidence rates significantly increased between May and October(“wet season”)across the country.In Kon Tum Province,temperature,humidity,and precipitation were found to be positively associated with the incidence of BD.Conclusions:Our findings provide insights into the seasonal patterns and geographic distribution of BD in Vietnam and its associated climate risk factors in Kon Tum Province.This study may help clinicians and the general public to better understand the timings of outbreaks and therefore equip them with the knowledge to plan better interventions(such as improving water,sanitation,and hygiene conditions)during peak seasons.This can,in turn,prevent or reduce outbreaks and onwards transmission during an outbreak.

Post Cryopreservation Growth Kinetic and Photosynthetic Assessment of an Acid Tolerant Strain of Stichococcus bacillaris

Preserving microbial diversity has become a strategic undertaking. Thus, ex situ microalgal culture conservation results in strategic and functional resource in both biodiversity protection and application domains. Cryopreservation of microalgae has been practiced since the 1960s and is now considered the optimal preservation strategy. Furthermore, the overall monitoring during growth of cultures after freezing/thawing protocols was hardly investigated and there is poor evaluation related to preserve especially the photosystem apparatus. The present study focuses on Stichococcus bacillaris as case study for short-term cryopreservation at −80 °C storage. Various freezing pretreatments using cryoprotective agents, and two thawing methods were compared introducing a novel variable to evaluate viability recovery and assessing growth kinetics of cultures immediately after thawing and after a series batch cultivation. Photosynthetic rate and pigments assessment were proposed to evaluate hidden metabolic cell damage. Results underline cryoprotective agents can increase the kinetic recovery of preserved cells in terms of reduction of lag phase during batch cultivation tests: the use of dimethyl sulfoxide and glycerol granted a growth comparable to unpreserved cells when sudden thawing occurs after 24 hours of storage, but recovery after preservation is less sensitive to cryoprotective agents when gradual thawing and 1 month of storage is considered. However, cells are always able to restore their physiological pathways even without agents, so their kinetic effect has been proved and quantified. Interestingly, both the photosynthetic efficiency and the ratio between total chlorophyll and carotenoids are comparable (0.75 Fv/Fm, 2.2 ± 0.25 g/g) to unpreserved cells and they are unsensitive to chosen agents, but the ratio between chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b was clearly altered (up to 10 times), suggesting that photoactive pigments relative proportions can result in similar growth kinetic performances. Long-term studies will be carried out to assess whether the differences found could cause chronic damage to photosystem efficiency of S. bacillaris cultures.

Prevalence and Characerizaion of <i>Salmonella pullorum</i>from Day Old Chicks Distributed to Farms in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

To investigate sources of Salmonella pullorum infections that cause frequent outbreaks of bacillary white diarrhea in poultry and sporadic human food poisoning in Nigeria, prevalence of the infection among day-old-chicks in Akwa-Ibom State, south-south Nigeria, was studied. From each depot/hatchery, 30 day-old chicks were randomly selected for their livers, spleens, kidneys, hearts, yolk sacs and intestines which were processed and cultured on appropriate bacterial media. Colonies that grew from the specimens were characterized based on their morphologies, staining characteristics, biochemical reactions and cultural characteristics. Gram positive isolates that were: short, plum shaped, rods, non-spore forming and non-capsulated were identified as Salmonella species. Motility test and biochemical tests on the Salmonella colonies identified those that were S. pullorum. Five percent of chicks being distributed in Akwa-Ibom State, Nigeria were infected with S. pullorum, the agent of, bacillary white diarrhea (which causes high mortality in chicks) and food poisoning in man.

Streptomyces bacillaris ATCC 15855~T中bafilomycin A1合成基因簇的挖掘

Bafilomycin A1是大环内酯类抗生素,具有广泛的抗癌活性。通过HPLC及HPLC-MS分析Streptomyces bacillaris ATCC 15855^T的发酵产物,结果显示S.bacillaris ATCC 15855 T发酵能够产生bafilomycin A1。S.bacillaris ATCC 15855^T分离自中亚土壤。通过全基因组测序,获得了S.bacillaris ATCC 15855^T的完整基因组序列。该基因组由6957417 bp的线性染色体组成,GC含量为72.29%。该染色体预测了7284个开放阅读框架(ORF),18个rRNA操纵子,64个tRNA基因。通过antiSMASH v 4.0.3分析,共预测了39个生物合成基因簇。其中,具有抑制液泡型H(+)ATP酶的bafilomycin A1基因簇与已报道的基因簇相似度为100%。在bafilomycin A1合成基因簇中有19个ORFs。

产生广谱活性物质的放线菌Streptomyces bacillaris的分离鉴定

从台州市填海工业园淤泥中分离功能型放线菌,评价其不同发酵液的抗菌活性,以发掘和扩充其潜在的经济价值。采用连续稀释法将淤泥样品在HV培养基和高氏培养基上分离和纯化培养放线菌,通过菌块对峙法测定初筛放线菌对大肠杆菌(E.coli)、金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)、藤黄微球菌(M.luteus)3种细菌指示菌的抑菌直径。利用琼脂孔扩散法测定不同配方发酵液对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、藤黄微球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、肺炎克雷伯氏菌和铜绿假单胞菌抑菌区直径大小以评价菌株的抑菌活性。采用菌落显微形态观察、生理生化特征实验和16SrDNA序列比对法对抑菌活性强的菌株进行鉴定,构建系统发育树。结果表明,淤泥样品初筛共分离纯化获得9株活性放线菌,其中1株放线菌(4-4)的不同配方发酵液均对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、藤黄微球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、肺炎克雷伯氏菌和铜绿假单胞菌表现出不同的抑菌活性,经形态、生理生化和16SrDNA序列比对鉴定为链霉菌属Streptomyces bacillaris。说明从填海工业区淤泥分离出的能够稳定产生广谱生物活性产物的野生链霉菌Streptomyces bacillaris,对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌均有抑制作用,为后续对该链霉菌进行代谢产物的分离和新药研发等领域提供了参考数据。

Can baseline ML Flow test results predict leprosy reactions? An investigation in a cohort of patients enrolled in the uniform multidrug therapy clinical trial for leprosy patients in Brazil

Background:The predictive value of the serology to detection of IgM against the Mycobacterium leprae-derived phenolic glycolipid-I/PGL-I to identify leprosy patients who are at higher risk of developing reactions remains controversial.Whether baseline results of the ML Flow test can predict leprosy reactions was investigated among a cohort of patients enrolled in The Clinical Trial for Uniform Multidrug Therapy for Leprosy Patients in Brazil(U-MDT/CT-BR).Methods:This was a descriptive study focusing on the main clinical manifestations of leprosy patients enrolled in the U-MDT/CT-BR from March 2007 to February 2012 at two Brazilian leprosy reference centers.For research purposes,753 leprosy patients were categorized according to a modified Ridley-Jopling(R&J)classification and according to the development of leprosy reactions(reversal reaction/RR and erythema nodosum leprosum/ENL),and whether they had a positive or negative bacillary index/BI.Results:More than half of the patients(55.5%)reported leprosy reaction:18.3%(138/753)had a RR and 5.4%(41/753)had ENL.Leprosy reactions were more frequent in the first year following diagnosis,as seen in 27%(205/753)of patients,while 19%(142/753)developed reactions during subsequent follow-up.Similar frequencies of leprosy reactions and other clinical manifestations were observed in paucibacillary(PB)and multibacillary(MB)leprosy patients treated with U-MDT and regular MDT(R-MDT)(P=0.43 and P=0.61,respectively).Compared with PB patients,leprosy reactions were significantly more frequent in MB patients with a high BI,and more patients developed RR than ENL.However,RR and neuritis were also reported in patients with a negative BI.At baseline,the highest rate of ML Flow positivity was observed in patients with a positive BI,especially those who developed ENL,followed by patients who had neuritis and RR.Among reaction-free patients,81.9%were ML Flow positive,however,the differences were not statistically significant compared to reactional patients(P=0.45).Conclusions:MB and PB patients treated with R-MDT and U-MDT showed similar frequencies of RR and other clinical manifestations.Positive ML Flow tests were associated with MB leprosy and BI positivity.However,ML Flow test results at baseline showed limited sensitivity and specificity for predicting the development of leprosy reactions.