Oral administration of Bacillus coagulans TQ-35 alleviates allergic responses in OVA-sensitive BALB/c mice

Bacillus coagulans has been extensively studied so far,but there has been a lack of research on its usage in allergy.In this study,we designed to assess the effect of different concentrations of B.coagulans on food allergy in a BALB/c mouse model of ovalbumin(OVA)-induced food allergy and its effect on gut microbes.The assessment of symptoms,specific immunoglobulin E(IgE),T-cell differentiation,and related gene expression levels in sensitized mice by assay indicated that high doses of oral B.coagulans could alleviate allergic symptoms.Treatment with B.coagulans,in the high-dose group,significantly reduced IgE and IgG1 levels and modulated the balance of T helper type 1 cell(Th1)and Th2 and the expression of relevant genes in the spleen.16S rRNA analysis showed that probiotics improved the structure of the microbiota,in particular by boosting the percentage of Clostridia,Bacteroides vulgatus and Enterococcus faecium,and by increasing the abundance of microbial species,thereby modulating the immune system.Therefore,this study can provide insights into the practical application of B.coagulans doses to alleviate OVA allergy.

凝结芽孢杆菌(Bacillus coagulans)CGMCC 9951提升运动耐力作用的研究

为探究凝结芽孢杆菌CGMCC 9951对小鼠运动耐力的影响,将50只小鼠随机分为5组:安静对照(SC)组、运动模型对照(EC)组、凝结芽孢杆菌低剂量(LC)组、中剂量(MC)组、高剂量(HC)组。通过4周游泳训练建立小鼠运动模型,期间每天补充凝结芽孢杆菌CGMCC 9951,测量小鼠体重和主要脏器重量、游泳力竭时间、血清生化指标(血糖、乳酸、血氨、血尿素氮、乳酸脱氢酶、肌酸激酶)、肝糖原和肌糖原、炎症因子(白细胞介素-1β、白细胞介素-10、肿瘤坏死因子-α)含量。与EC组相比,补充凝结芽孢杆菌CGMCC 9951能够显著延长HC组小鼠游泳力竭时间,提升运动后血糖水平,提高肝糖原和肌糖原的储备量;血清中乳酸、血氨含量显著降低,乳酸脱氢酶和肌酸激酶活性减弱;凝结芽孢杆菌CGMCC 9951能够显著降低促炎因子(白细胞介素-1β、肿瘤坏死因子-α)和提高抗炎因子(白细胞介素-10)的含量。凝结芽孢杆菌CGMCC 9951可提高小鼠的运动耐力能力,显著降低血清炎症水平,缓解机体疲劳,在益生菌制剂的开发中具有良好的应用潜力。

The synbiotic mixture of lactulose and Bacillus coagulans protects intestinal barrier dysfunction and apoptosis in weaned piglets challenged with lipopolysaccharide

Background Lactulose as an effective prebiotic protects intestinal mucosal injury.Bacillus coagulans is widely used in feed additives because of its ability to promote intestinal health.Our previous study suggests that the combination of lactulose and Bacillus coagulans may be a good candidate as alternative for antibiotic growth promoters.However,the in vivo effects of lactulose and Bacillus coagulans on growth and intestinal health under immune challenge in piglets remains unclear.The objective of this study is to explore the protective effects of synbiotic containing lactu-lose and Bacillus coagulans on the intestinal mucosal injury and barrier dysfunction under immune challenge in weaned piglets.Methods Twenty four weaned piglets were assigned to 4 groups.Piglets in the CON-_(saline)and LPS-_(LPS)group were fed the basal diet,while others were fed either with chlortetracycline(CTC)or synbiotic mixture of lactulose and Bacillus coagulans for 32 d before injection of saline or lipopolysaccharide(LPS).Piglets were sacrificed 4 h after LPS injection to collect samples to determine intestinal morphology,integrity and barrier functions as well as relative genes and proteins.Results Our data showed that no differences were observed in the growth performance of the four test groups.LPS injection induced higher serum diamine oxidase activities,D-lactic acid levels,and endotoxin status,lower villus height and ratio of villus height to crypt depth,greater mRNA and lower protein expression related tight junction in both jejunum and ileum.In addition,a higher apoptosis index,and protein expression of Bax and caspase-3 were also observed in the LPS challenge group.Interestingly,dietary synbiotic mixture with lactulose and Bacillus coagulans protected against LPS-induced intestinal damage,barrier dysfunction and higher apoptosis as well as CTC.Conclusions Our data suggest that dietary supplementation of synbiotic mixture with lactulose and Bacillus coagu-lans showed resilience to LPS-induced intestinal morphological damage,barrier dysfunction and aggressive apoptosis in piglets as well as the protective effects of CTC.These results indicate that synbiotic mixture of lactulose and Bacillus coagulans showed beneficial effects on performance and resilience to acute immune stress in weaned piglets.

一株凝结芽孢杆菌(Bacillus coagulans)发酵培养基的优化

以凝结芽孢杆菌(Bacillus coagulans)为研究对象,芽孢数为响应值,对其发酵培养基进行响应面优化分析。在单因素试验的基础上,采用Plackett-Burman试验筛选出对芽孢数有显著影响的因素为麸皮和牛肉膏。由中心组合试验设计及响应面分析优化确定最优发酵培养基配方为麸皮32.12g/L,牛肉膏15.24g/L,硫酸镁0.49g/L,硫酸锰0.34g/L,磷酸二氢钠0.31g/L。在此最佳条件下,发酵液中凝结芽孢杆菌芽孢数达到3.38×108CFU/mL,是优化前的5.28倍。

接种Bacillus coagulans低盐腌渍雪里蕻腌菜的探讨(Ⅱ)

对接种低盐腌渍雪里蕻腌菜成品及其在腌渍过程中的一些风味、卫生及感官指标进行了检测分析 ,并与其对照组和传统方法高盐腌渍组样品进行了分析比较 ,结果表明 ,接种低盐腌渍雪里蕻其腌菜卤汁中的氨基酸态氮和游离氨基酸明显高于其它样品组 ;其腌渍过程中所形成的亚硝酸盐含量最低 ,亚硝峰形成早 ,峰值低 ,接种腌渍成品质构与其它对照样品无明显差别 ,卤汁中的有机醇类分析结果表明 ,接种低盐腌渍成品中乙醇、丙醇和 2 ,3—丁二醇的含量较其对照组高 ,但与传统方法高盐组差别不大 ,其成品卤汁中未检出乙偶姻 ,而双乙酰含量为检测样品中最低 ,感官检验分析表明 ,接种低盐腌渍成品质量最好 ,并与其它样品有显著差别 。

Bacillus coagulans BP-2非活性菌株对Cd^(2+)的吸附特性及机理研究

为寻找Cd^(2+)经济、高效、环保的微生物吸附剂,探讨微生物对重金属的吸附特性和机理,从采自韶关大宝山矿区的土壤样品中分离、筛选耐镉功能菌株,以BP-2菌株为研究对象,采用16S r DNA方法对菌株进行了分子鉴定;通过批式试验系统研究了不同环境变量对菌株吸附Cd^(2+)的影响;利用等温吸附模型、动力学模型模拟了吸附过程;采用红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析手段,探讨了菌株吸附镉的作用机理。结果表明,16S r DNA序列相似性表明该菌株隶属芽孢杆菌属,将其命名为Bacillus coagulans BP-2。当Cd^(2+)初始质量浓度为100 mg·L^(-1),吸附时间为80min,菌株生物量为2.5 g·L^(-1)时,菌株对Cd^(2+)的吸附效果最好,吸附量可达73.26 mg·g^(-1);菌株对Cd^(2+)的吸附过程符合Langmuir等温模型(r^2=0.991 1),最大吸附量为86.19 mg·g^(-1),二级动力学方程(r^2=0.981 4)能够更准确地描绘菌株对Cd^(2+)的吸附过程。XRD分析显示,吸附后在13.3°、39.1°处出现Cd^(2+)的特征峰,说明Cd^(2+)成功被吸附到菌株的表面。FTIR和XPS结果表明Bacillus coagulans BP-2细胞壁上的-OH、-NH和-C=O基团参与了Cd^(2+)的吸附。利用Bacillus coagulans BP-2非活性菌株作为经济、高效、环境友好生物材料能够有效吸附溶液中Cd^(2+)。该研究可为含镉重金属废水的去除提供理论基础和实践依据。

Effects of Bacillus coagulans supplementation on the growth performance and gut health of broiler chickens with Clostridium perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis

Background: The poultry industry is in need of effective antibiotic alternatives to control outbreaks of necrotic enteritis(NE) due to Clostridium perfringens.Methods: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding Bacil us coagulans on the growth performance and gut health of broiler chickens with C. perfringens-induced NE. Two hundred and forty 1-day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two dietary B. coagulans levels(0 or 4 × 109 CFU/kg of diet) and two disease chal enge statuses(control or NE chal enged).Results: NE-induced reduction in body weight gain was relieved by the addition of B. coagulans into broiler diets compared with the NE-infected birds. NE infection damaged intestinal morphological structure, promoted intestinal C.perfringens growth and liver invasion, and enhanced anti-C. perfringens specific sI gA concentrations in the gut and specific IgG levels in serum compared with the uninfected birds. NE infection significantly(P < 0.05) decreased mucin-2(at 14 d post-infection(DPI), tol-like receptor 2(TLR2, at 7 and 14 DPI), TLR4(at 7 and 14 DPI), tumor necrosis factor super family15(TNFSF15, at 7 and 14 DPI), lysozyme(LYZ, at 14 DPI) and fowlicidin-2(at 7 and 14 DPI) mR NA levels, whereas it dramatical y(P = 0.001) increased IFN-γ mR NA levels at 7 DPI. However, chal enged birds fed diets supplemented with B.coagulans showed a significant(P < 0.01) decrease in gut lesion scores, decreased C. perfringens numbers in the cecum and liver, and an increase in fowlicidin-2 mR NA levels in compared with the uninfected birds. In addition, compared with the non-supplemented group, dietary inclusion of B. coagulans improved intestinal barrier structure, further increased specific sI gA levels and alkaline phosphatase(IAP) activity in the jejunum, enhanced the expression of jejunum lysozyme mR NA, and inhibited the growth, colonization, and invasion of C. perfringens; in contrast, it reduced serum-specific IgG concentrations and jejunum IFN-γ mR NA levels.Conclusion: These results indicated that dietary B. coagulans supplementation appeared to be effective in preventing the occurrence and reducing the severity of C. perfringens-induced NE in broiler chickens.

Mechanism of the Effect of Bacillus coagulans on Production Performance of Laying Hens in Late Laying Period

[Objective]The paper was to investigate the mechanism of Bacillus coagulans preparation in improving production performance of laying hens in late period of laying.[Method]A total of 648 individuals of"Jingfen 1"laying hens(66 weeks of age)in late period of laying were randomly divided into four groups,six replicates each group,and each group had 27 individuals of laying hens.The laying hens in control group were fed with basal diet,and those in experimental groupsⅠ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were fed with the basal diets added with 3.33×10^6,1×10^7,3.33×10^7 CFU/g B.coagulans,respectively.The pretrial lasted one week,and the formal test lasted eight weeks.[Result]Compared with the control group,the laying rate in group Ⅰ increased significantly,and the feed-gain ratio in experimental group Ⅱ decreased noticeably while the spleen index increased remarkably;the alkaline phosphatase activities and blood calcium content in experimental groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ increased significantly(P<0.05),while the triglyceride content decreased remarkably(P<0.05);the urea content in experimental groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ decreased obviously(P<0.05).Adding B.coagulans significantly increased the specific activity of amylase,lipase and protease in various intestinal mucosa of small intestine(P<0.05);adding B.coagulans significantly increased the content of follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)and estradiol(E2),and significantly increased the mRNA expression of follicle stimulating hormone receptor gene(FSHR).[Conclusion]B.coagulans preparation could significantly improve the production performance of laying hens in late period of laying;appropriately enhance the immune capacity of laying hens;improve the serum biochemical indicators;increase the activity of digestive enzymes in the small intestine;and promote the release of gonadal hormone and the mRNA expression of FSHR gene in the ovary.

Bacillus coagulans X3角蛋白酶的酶学性质及其应用研究

为了提高凝结芽孢杆菌(Bacillus coagulans)X3角蛋白酶的水解效率,对其粗酶液的酶学性质及降解羽毛角蛋白的效果进行了研究。结果表明,粗酶液的最适反应温度为60℃,最适pH为7.0~8.0,在70~80℃时具有较好的热稳定性。金属离子中Ca^(2+)、Mn^(2+)对角蛋白酶活性起促进作用,Cu^(2+)、Ni^(2+)强烈抑制角蛋白酶活性,而Na^(+)、Mg^(2+)、Fe^(3+)对酶活性无显著影响。化学试剂苯甲基磺酰氟(PMSF)、乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)对酶活性有较强的抑制作用,β-巯基乙醇和二硫基苏糖醇(DTT)可显著提高酶活性,十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)和二甲基亚砜(DMSO)对酶活性没有显著影响。优化条件下降解羽毛,产物中游离氨基酸的总量高达4.3226 mg/mL,主要种类为缬氨酸、苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸、谷氨酸。研究结果为菌株X3酶解角蛋白废弃物提供了技术支撑。

MLST analysis of genetic diversity of Bacillus coagulans strains to evaluate effects on constipation model

Bacillus coagulans can help ameliorate or prevent gastrointestinal diseases, but the genetic relationships among B. coagulans isolates are not well studied. Multilocus sequence typing analysis was conducted on 57 isolates of B. coagulans from 22 provinces or autonomous regions in China. B. coagulans isolates were highly diverse and a total of 33(sequence typings) STs were found. These isolates had a weak clonal population structure and strong indications of intraspecies recombination. The evolution direction of B. coagulans was not correlated with geography or isolation source. Fifteen strains were selected for further analysis based on proximity relationships from the phylogenetic tree. Five isolates(B. coagulans-1, B. coagulans-10, B. coagulans-39, B. coagulans-70 and B. coagulans-71) with good spore-forming ability relative to the rest of the isolates were evaluated for constipation relief. B. coagulans-39 significantly relieved constipation symptoms in mice by regulating intestinal flora, increasing the production of short-chain fatty acids and restoring the level of gastrointestinal regulatory peptides. Comparative genomic analysis showed the beneficial effects of B. coagulans-39 might be associated with specific functional genes that are involved in the utilization of various carbohydrates as primary substrates and short-chain fatty acid production.

不同精粗比饲粮中添加凝结芽孢杆菌对绵羊羔羊生长性能和消化代谢的影响

本试验旨在研究不同精粗比条件下饲粮添加凝结芽孢杆菌(BC)对绵羊羔羊生长性能和消化代谢的影响。试验采用2×2因子完全随机设计,2个因素分别为精粗比[40∶60(低精料)、70∶30(高精料)]和BC[不添加和添加1.0×1010CFU/kg BC]。选取48只4月龄的杜泊×小尾寒羊F1代公羔,按体重随机分为4个组,分别饲喂低精料饲粮(LD组)、添加BC低精料饲粮(LD+BC组)、高精料饲粮(HD组)、添加BC高精料饲粮(HD+BC组),每组12只。生长性能试验共计70 d,其中预试期10 d,正试期60 d;消化代谢试验共计7 d,其中适应期4 d,取样期3 d。结果显示:1)24只饲喂高精料饲粮羔羊的末重(FBW)和平均日增重(ADG)显著或极显著高于24只饲喂低精料饲粮羔羊(P<0.05或P<0.01),并且料重比(F/G)极显著低于24只饲喂低精料饲粮羔羊(P<0.01);24只饲喂添加BC饲粮羔羊的ADG显著高于24只饲喂不添加BC饲粮羔羊(P<0.05)。2)24只饲喂高精料饲粮羔羊对干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)的表观消化率极显著高于24只饲喂低精料饲粮羔羊(P<0.05),而对酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的表观消化率则极显著低于24只饲喂低精料饲粮羔羊(P<0.01);24只饲喂添加BC饲粮羔羊对DM、OM、NDF的表观消化率显著高于24只饲喂不添加BC饲粮羔羊(P<0.05)。同时,饲粮精粗比和BC在羔羊对OM和NDF的表观消化率上有显著的交互作用(P<0.05)。HD+BC组的OM和NDF的表观消化率显著高于其他3组(P<0.05)。3)24只饲喂高精料饲粮羔羊的粪能、总能表观消化率、总能代谢率极显著低于24只饲喂低精料饲粮羔羊(P<0.01);24只饲喂添加BC饲粮羔羊的总能表观消化率显著高于24只饲喂不添加BC饲粮羔羊(P<0.05)。饲粮精粗比和BC在粪能和总能表观消化率上有显著的交互作用(P<0.05)。4)24只饲喂高精料饲粮羔羊在氮表观消化率、微生物蛋白(MCP)合成量上显著或极显著高于24只饲喂低精料饲粮羔羊(P<0.05或P<0.01);饲粮精粗比和BC在摄入氮、粪氮、可消化氮、沉积氮、氮沉积率以及血清中尿素氮含量上有显著的交互作用(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加BC较不添加BC可提高绵羊羔羊对饲粮中OM、DM、NDF的消化吸收,有效提高总能表观消化率,进而促进羔羊生长。相较饲喂精粗比为60∶40的饲粮,饲喂精粗比为70∶30的饲粮可提高绵羊羔羊对饲粮中OM、DM、NDF的消化吸收,有效提高总能表观消化率、氮表观消化率和MCP合成量,提高羔羊的生长性能。因此,BC可以作为一种新型的益生菌制剂应用于羔羊生产中,且在精粗比为70∶30的高精料饲粮中添加效果更优。

培养温度、时间对饲用凝结芽孢杆菌菌数的影响

研究采用平板计数法,评估了两个团体标准(T/YNBX 024—2021,简称“云南团标”;T/CSWSL 022—2020,简称“北京团标”)操作步骤中微生物的培养温度、培养时间对饲用凝结芽孢杆菌制剂的菌数检测结果的影响,旨在为确定饲用凝结芽孢杆菌制剂菌数检测的培养温度和时间提供参考。结果显示:无论采用云南团标、还是北京团标,在40℃/24 h“低温、短时”培养条件下,平板上无菌落生长,无菌数检出数据;50℃/24 h“高温、短时”培养的检出菌数显著高于40℃/48 h“低温、长时”(P<0.05),且50℃/24 h“高温、短时”与50℃/48 h“高温、长时”的检出菌数一致。本研究证明,平板计数法检测饲用凝结芽孢杆菌菌数受培养温度和时间影响,以培养温度为50℃、培养时间为24~48 h为宜。

乳果糖-凝结芽孢杆菌合生素通过Toll样受体4/髓样分化因子88/核因子-κB信号通路缓解脂多糖诱导的断奶仔猪肠道炎症

本试验旨在研究乳果糖-凝结芽孢杆菌合生素对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的断奶仔猪肠道炎症缓解作用的分子机制。试验选取24头健康、体重接近的27~28日龄“杜×长×大”三元杂交断奶阉公猪,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头猪。对照组(CON组)和LPS组饲喂基础饲粮,金霉素组(CTC组)饲喂基础饲粮+75 mg/kg的金霉素,合生素组(SYN组)饲喂基础饲粮+10 g/kg的乳果糖和2×109 CFU/kg的凝结芽孢杆菌。试验期32 d。试验结束时,对LPS组、CTC组和SYN组仔猪腹腔注射100μg/kg BW LPS,CON组注射相同剂量的生理盐水;注射4 h后屠宰,采集血清和空肠黏膜样本,测定炎症细胞因子含量及Toll样受体4(TLR4)/髓样分化因子88(MyD88)/核因子-κB(NF-κB)信号通路相关基因和蛋白表达。结果表明:1)与CON组相比,LPS刺激不仅显著提高血清促炎因子白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、白细胞介素-12(IL-12)、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)以及抗炎因子白细胞介素-10(IL-10)含量(P<0.05),还显著提高空肠黏膜促炎因子IL-6、IL-12和IFN-γ以及抗炎因子白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、IL-10和转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)含量(P<0.05)。此外,与CON组相比,LPS刺激还显著提高空肠黏膜TNF-α、IL-1β与IL-10 mRNA相对表达量(P<0.05),且显著提高空肠黏膜TLR4、MyD88和NF-κB mRNA和蛋白相对表达量(P<0.05)。2)与LPS组相比,CTC组和SYN组血清IL-1β和IL-10以及空肠黏膜IL-6、IL-12、IL-4和IL-10含量显著降低(P<0.05),空肠黏膜TGF-β1含量显著提高(P<0.05),空肠黏膜TNF-α、IL-1β与IL-10 mRNA相对表达量显著降低(P<0.05),空肠黏膜NF-κB mRNA相对表达量以及TLR4和NF-κB蛋白相对表达量显著降低(P<0.05);SYN组血清IL-6、IL-8、IL-12和TNF-α以及空肠黏膜IL-1β含量显著降低(P<0.05),空肠黏膜TLR4和MyD88 mRNA相对表达量以及MyD88蛋白相对表达量显著降低(P<0.05)。综上所述,在无抗饲粮中添加乳果糖-凝结芽孢杆菌合生素替代金霉素可通过抑制断奶仔猪空肠黏膜TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB信号通路,降低TNF-α和IL-1βmRNA相对表达量,改善空肠和血清炎症细胞因子水平,从而缓解LPS诱导的应激反应,提高断奶仔猪的抗应激能力。

凝结芽孢杆菌对畜禽肠道健康调控作用的研究进展

凝结芽孢杆菌是一种新型的饲用益生菌,不仅具有乳酸菌和双歧杆菌的益生作用,还具有芽孢杆菌的耐高温、耐胃酸和耐胆盐等抗逆性,以及易培养、易储存的生物学特性。诸多研究表明,凝结芽孢杆菌具有平衡肠道菌群结构、改善肠道形态、促进消化吸收、增强肠道免疫等多种作用。本文主要综述了凝结芽孢杆菌对畜禽肠道健康的调控作用,旨在为凝结芽孢杆菌在畜禽绿色养殖和生产的进一步应用提供理论参考。

不同精粗比饲粮中添加凝结芽孢杆菌对绵羊羔羊瘤胃发酵和免疫功能的影响

本试验旨在研究不同精粗比饲粮中添加凝结芽孢杆菌(BC)对绵羊羔羊生长性能、瘤胃发酵和免疫功能的影响。试验采用2×2双因子完全随机设计,2个因素分别为精粗比[40∶60(低精料)、70∶30(高精料)]和BC[不添加和添加1.0×10^(10)CFU/kg BC]。选取48只体重相近的4月龄杜泊×小尾寒羊F1代公羔,随机分为4个组,分别饲喂低精料饲粮(LD组)、添加BC的低精料饲粮(LD+BC组)、高精料饲粮(HD组)、添加BC的高精料饲粮(HD+BC组),每组12只。预试期10 d,正试期60 d。结果显示:1)24只饲喂高精料饲粮的羔羊瘤胃内pH,氨态氮、乙酸、异丁酸浓度以及乙丙比值显著低于24只饲喂低精料饲粮的羔羊(P<0.05),丙酸、戊酸和总挥发性脂肪酸浓度显著高于24只饲喂低精料饲粮的羔羊(P<0.05);24只饲喂添加BC饲粮的羔羊瘤胃内丙酸浓度显著高于24只饲喂未添加BC饲粮的羔羊(P<0.05)。饲粮精粗比和BC之间在瘤胃发酵参数上不存在显著的交互作用(P>0.05)。2)24只饲喂高精料饲粮的羔羊瘤胃内淀粉酶和蛋白酶活性显著高于24只饲喂低精料饲粮的羔羊(P<0.05),木聚糖酶活性显著低于24只饲喂低精料饲粮的羔羊(P<0.05);24只饲喂高精料饲粮的羔羊瘤胃内的总菌、栖瘤胃普雷沃氏菌、嗜淀粉瘤胃杆菌数量显著高于24只饲喂低精料饲粮的羔羊(P<0.05),黄色瘤胃球菌、产琥珀酸丝状杆菌、溶纤维丁酸弧菌和原虫数量显著低于24只饲喂低精料饲粮的羔羊(P<0.05)。24只饲喂添加BC饲粮的羔羊瘤胃内淀粉酶活性显著高于24只饲喂未添加BC饲粮的羔羊(P<0.05)。24只饲喂添加BC饲粮的羔羊瘤胃内嗜淀粉瘤胃杆菌、栖瘤胃普雷沃氏菌和溶纤维丁酸弧菌数量显著高于24只饲喂未添加BC饲粮的羔羊(P<0.05)。饲粮精粗比和BC之间在瘤胃微生物酶活性和功能微生物数量上不存在显著的交互作用(P>0.05)。3)24只饲喂高精料饲粮的羔羊血清中免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量显著低于24只饲喂低精料饲粮的羔羊(P<0.05)。24只饲喂添加BC饲粮的羔羊血清中白细胞介素-4(IL⁃4)含量显著高于24只饲喂未添加BC饲粮的羔羊(P<0.05)。饲粮精粗比和BC在血清中IL⁃4含量上存在显著的交互作用(P<0.05)。综上所述,在不同精粗比饲粮中添加BC均可以促进瘤胃发酵,有效提高羔羊对饲粮的消化吸收,同时还可以提高机体炎症应答水平,进而促进羔羊健康生长,且在高精料饲喂条件下添加BC效果更好。因此,BC可以作为一种新型的益生菌制剂应用于羔羊生产中,且在精粗比为70∶30的高精料饲粮中添加效果更优。

后处理加工工艺对饲用凝结芽孢杆菌活菌收率的影响

【目的】探明提高饲用凝结芽孢杆菌发酵后处理加工贮存过程中的活菌收率,为降低规模化生产成本提供科学依据。【方法】以饲用凝结芽孢杆菌(Bacilluscoagulans)W-02菌株为研究对象,分别检测凝结芽孢杆菌发酵后处理加工贮存过程中离心浓缩工艺、干燥方式、粉碎时间和低温保存时间前后活菌数,计算各环节活菌收率,最终计算产品活菌总收率。【结果】经4000 r/min、15 min离心浓缩工艺,凝结芽孢杆菌菌泥平均活菌收率为91.57%;经-58℃、100 mT真空冷冻干燥工艺,干燥产品活菌收率为92.98%;经转速24000 r/min、粉碎15 s,粉碎产品活菌收率为83.37%;经4℃低温保存365 d,凝结芽孢杆菌活菌收率为71.21%。【结论】饲用凝结芽孢杆菌发酵液经离心浓缩、吸附干燥、高速粉碎最优条件处理后,低温保存365 d时活菌总收率(各环节活菌收率之积)为50.55%。

饲用凝结芽孢杆菌的菌数检测方法研究进展

文章综述与分析了现有标准中饲用凝结芽孢杆菌产品的菌数检测法差异。基于实际生产与应用中单一及复合饲用凝结芽孢杆菌产品的两种类型,文章描述了现有两个团体标准T/YNBX024—2021(简称“云南团体标准”)和T/CSWSL 022—2020(简称“北京团体标准”)检测饲用凝结芽孢杆菌菌数的平板计数法检测程序,明确了饲用凝结芽孢杆菌产品菌数的检测结果应包括总菌数、芽孢数及杂菌数3个指标,重点比较了两个团体标准平板计数法的操作差异及其对产品菌数检测结果的影响,为现有饲用凝结芽孢杆菌菌数检测标准的更新及相关标准的制定提供科学依据。

凝结芽孢杆菌对南美白对虾生长性能、体组成和免疫功能的影响

试验旨在研究添加凝结芽孢杆菌对南美白对虾生长性能、体组成、免疫功能的影响。选择规格一致、体重(1.05±0.05)g的对虾480尾,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复30尾。各组对虾分别投喂添加0、0.02%、0.04%、0.08%凝结芽孢杆菌的基础饲料。试验期42 d。结果显示,0.04%试验组对虾末重、增重率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),各试验组对虾的饲料系数均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),各试验组对虾的肝胰脏溶菌酶(LZM)活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验0.04%组和0.08%组对虾血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性显著高于对照组和0.02%组(P<0.05)。研究表明,添加凝结芽孢杆菌可促进南美白对虾生长,提高免疫能力,以0.04%添加量较好。

凝结芽孢杆菌对热应激肉鸡生长性能及肠道消化与吸收功能的影响

本试验旨在研究凝结芽孢杆菌对热应激肉鸡生长性能及肠道消化与吸收功能的影响。选择320只28日龄健康爱拔益加(AA)肉公鸡,随机分为5个组,每组8个重复,每个重复8只。常温对照组(TC组)肉鸡饲养于(22±1)℃的常温环境,饲喂基础饲粮;热应激组(HS组)肉鸡饲养于(34±1)℃的高温环境,饲喂基础饲粮;热应激试验组肉鸡饲养于(34±1)℃的高温环境,分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0.2×10^(7)(HS-BC 0.2组)、1.0×10^(7)(HS-BC 1.0组)、5.0×10^(7)CFU/g(HS-BC 5.0组)凝结芽孢杆菌的试验饲粮。试验期14 d。结果表明:与TC组相比,HS组的末重、平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI),干物质和粗蛋白质表观代谢率,空肠食糜总淀粉酶和总蛋白酶酶活,空肠绒毛高度、绒毛高度/隐窝深度以及空肠钠/葡萄糖协同转运蛋白1(SGLT1)、基础氨基酸转运载体(r-BAT)、y+L氨基酸转运载体-1(y+LAT1)mRNA表达量均显著降低(P<0.05),料重比(F/G)显著增加(P<0.05)。与HS组相比,HS-BC 1.0和HS-BC 5.0组的ADG、粗蛋白质表观代谢率、空肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度以及空肠SGLT1、r-BAT、y+LAT 1 mRNA表达量均显著增加(P<0.05),HS-BC 1.0组的空肠绒毛高度显著增加(P<0.05),HS-BC 5.0组的空肠食糜总蛋白酶和总淀粉酶活性显著增加(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加凝结芽孢杆菌通过提高肠道消化酶活性和促进肠道营养吸收转运载体的表达,改善了热应激肉鸡的生长性能。

凝结芽孢杆菌的益生特性及机制研究进展

凝结芽孢杆菌作为益生菌,近年来因其特有的益生特性备受关注。鉴于此,在深度解析凝结芽孢杆菌益生特性的基础上,结合目前国内外的研究现状和未来发展趋势,从消化道微生态、营养物质的消化吸收和免疫系统三方面揭示了凝结芽孢杆菌在食品领域的应用机制,并展望了未来在本领域的研究热点,旨在为凝结芽孢杆菌在食品工业中的广泛应用提供支撑,助力益生菌产业的可持续发展。