Oral administration of Bacillus coagulans TQ-35 alleviates allergic responses in OVA-sensitive BALB/c mice

Bacillus coagulans has been extensively studied so far,but there has been a lack of research on its usage in allergy.In this study,we designed to assess the effect of different concentrations of B.coagulans on food allergy in a BALB/c mouse model of ovalbumin(OVA)-induced food allergy and its effect on gut microbes.The assessment of symptoms,specific immunoglobulin E(IgE),T-cell differentiation,and related gene expression levels in sensitized mice by assay indicated that high doses of oral B.coagulans could alleviate allergic symptoms.Treatment with B.coagulans,in the high-dose group,significantly reduced IgE and IgG1 levels and modulated the balance of T helper type 1 cell(Th1)and Th2 and the expression of relevant genes in the spleen.16S rRNA analysis showed that probiotics improved the structure of the microbiota,in particular by boosting the percentage of Clostridia,Bacteroides vulgatus and Enterococcus faecium,and by increasing the abundance of microbial species,thereby modulating the immune system.Therefore,this study can provide insights into the practical application of B.coagulans doses to alleviate OVA allergy.

凝结芽胞杆菌(Bacillus coagulans)分类变迁与鉴定

研究凝结芽胞杆菌(Bacillus coagulans)的分类学变迁,凝结芽胞杆菌(Bacillus coagulans)曾重新分类为凝结魏茨曼氏菌(Weizmannia coagulans),当前分类正确名称为凝结海恩德里克斯氏菌(Heyndrickxia coagulans)。该研究通过基于全基因组的分类,除了重新复核菌株CICC 20138的16S rRNA基因序列分析外,还包括核心基因组多位点序列分型(core genome multilocus sequence typing, cgMLST)、平均核苷酸一致性(average nucleotide identity, ANI)以及数字DNA-DNA杂交(digital DNA-DNA hybridization, dDDH)的种水平分析。通过形态学和生理生化特征分析获得CICC 20138的表型信息。依据16S rRNA基因序列相似性分析,CICC 20138与H.coagulans和H.faecalis的相似性最高,均为99.20%。菌株CICC 20138(GCA_009936615.1)基因组大小为3 386 433 bp,含有216个contigs,基因组DNA G+C含量为46.7 mol%。cgMLST分析结果显示,菌株CICC 20138与H.coagulans以100%支持率聚在同一分支,亲缘关系最近。ANI分析显示,CICC 20138与H.coagulans ATCC 7050T(GCA_000832905.1)的ANI值为98.16%,dDDH值为87.1%,可将CICC 20138鉴定为H.coagulans。基于全基因组序列的ANI和dDDH分析是准确有效的菌种鉴定方法,从而得到更精准的物种分类信息。对于具有潜在重要价值的菌种,全基因组序列分析是了解微生物在分类和鉴定过程中进化的重要工具。

一株凝结芽孢杆菌(Bacillus coagulans)发酵培养基的优化

以凝结芽孢杆菌(Bacillus coagulans)为研究对象,芽孢数为响应值,对其发酵培养基进行响应面优化分析。在单因素试验的基础上,采用Plackett-Burman试验筛选出对芽孢数有显著影响的因素为麸皮和牛肉膏。由中心组合试验设计及响应面分析优化确定最优发酵培养基配方为麸皮32.12g/L,牛肉膏15.24g/L,硫酸镁0.49g/L,硫酸锰0.34g/L,磷酸二氢钠0.31g/L。在此最佳条件下,发酵液中凝结芽孢杆菌芽孢数达到3.38×108CFU/mL,是优化前的5.28倍。

接种Bacillus coagulans低盐腌渍雪里蕻腌菜的探讨(Ⅱ)

对接种低盐腌渍雪里蕻腌菜成品及其在腌渍过程中的一些风味、卫生及感官指标进行了检测分析 ,并与其对照组和传统方法高盐腌渍组样品进行了分析比较 ,结果表明 ,接种低盐腌渍雪里蕻其腌菜卤汁中的氨基酸态氮和游离氨基酸明显高于其它样品组 ;其腌渍过程中所形成的亚硝酸盐含量最低 ,亚硝峰形成早 ,峰值低 ,接种腌渍成品质构与其它对照样品无明显差别 ,卤汁中的有机醇类分析结果表明 ,接种低盐腌渍成品中乙醇、丙醇和 2 ,3—丁二醇的含量较其对照组高 ,但与传统方法高盐组差别不大 ,其成品卤汁中未检出乙偶姻 ,而双乙酰含量为检测样品中最低 ,感官检验分析表明 ,接种低盐腌渍成品质量最好 ,并与其它样品有显著差别 。

Bacillus coagulans BP-2非活性菌株对Cd^(2+)的吸附特性及机理研究

为寻找Cd^(2+)经济、高效、环保的微生物吸附剂,探讨微生物对重金属的吸附特性和机理,从采自韶关大宝山矿区的土壤样品中分离、筛选耐镉功能菌株,以BP-2菌株为研究对象,采用16S r DNA方法对菌株进行了分子鉴定;通过批式试验系统研究了不同环境变量对菌株吸附Cd^(2+)的影响;利用等温吸附模型、动力学模型模拟了吸附过程;采用红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析手段,探讨了菌株吸附镉的作用机理。结果表明,16S r DNA序列相似性表明该菌株隶属芽孢杆菌属,将其命名为Bacillus coagulans BP-2。当Cd^(2+)初始质量浓度为100 mg·L^(-1),吸附时间为80min,菌株生物量为2.5 g·L^(-1)时,菌株对Cd^(2+)的吸附效果最好,吸附量可达73.26 mg·g^(-1);菌株对Cd^(2+)的吸附过程符合Langmuir等温模型(r^2=0.991 1),最大吸附量为86.19 mg·g^(-1),二级动力学方程(r^2=0.981 4)能够更准确地描绘菌株对Cd^(2+)的吸附过程。XRD分析显示,吸附后在13.3°、39.1°处出现Cd^(2+)的特征峰,说明Cd^(2+)成功被吸附到菌株的表面。FTIR和XPS结果表明Bacillus coagulans BP-2细胞壁上的-OH、-NH和-C=O基团参与了Cd^(2+)的吸附。利用Bacillus coagulans BP-2非活性菌株作为经济、高效、环境友好生物材料能够有效吸附溶液中Cd^(2+)。该研究可为含镉重金属废水的去除提供理论基础和实践依据。

凝结芽孢杆菌(Bacillus coagulans)CGMCC 9951提升运动耐力作用的研究

为探究凝结芽孢杆菌CGMCC 9951对小鼠运动耐力的影响,将50只小鼠随机分为5组:安静对照(SC)组、运动模型对照(EC)组、凝结芽孢杆菌低剂量(LC)组、中剂量(MC)组、高剂量(HC)组。通过4周游泳训练建立小鼠运动模型,期间每天补充凝结芽孢杆菌CGMCC 9951,测量小鼠体重和主要脏器重量、游泳力竭时间、血清生化指标(血糖、乳酸、血氨、血尿素氮、乳酸脱氢酶、肌酸激酶)、肝糖原和肌糖原、炎症因子(白细胞介素-1β、白细胞介素-10、肿瘤坏死因子-α)含量。与EC组相比,补充凝结芽孢杆菌CGMCC 9951能够显著延长HC组小鼠游泳力竭时间,提升运动后血糖水平,提高肝糖原和肌糖原的储备量;血清中乳酸、血氨含量显著降低,乳酸脱氢酶和肌酸激酶活性减弱;凝结芽孢杆菌CGMCC 9951能够显著降低促炎因子(白细胞介素-1β、肿瘤坏死因子-α)和提高抗炎因子(白细胞介素-10)的含量。凝结芽孢杆菌CGMCC 9951可提高小鼠的运动耐力能力,显著降低血清炎症水平,缓解机体疲劳,在益生菌制剂的开发中具有良好的应用潜力。

Effects of Bacillus coagulans supplementation on the growth performance and gut health of broiler chickens with Clostridium perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis

Background: The poultry industry is in need of effective antibiotic alternatives to control outbreaks of necrotic enteritis(NE) due to Clostridium perfringens.Methods: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding Bacil us coagulans on the growth performance and gut health of broiler chickens with C. perfringens-induced NE. Two hundred and forty 1-day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two dietary B. coagulans levels(0 or 4 × 109 CFU/kg of diet) and two disease chal enge statuses(control or NE chal enged).Results: NE-induced reduction in body weight gain was relieved by the addition of B. coagulans into broiler diets compared with the NE-infected birds. NE infection damaged intestinal morphological structure, promoted intestinal C.perfringens growth and liver invasion, and enhanced anti-C. perfringens specific sI gA concentrations in the gut and specific IgG levels in serum compared with the uninfected birds. NE infection significantly(P < 0.05) decreased mucin-2(at 14 d post-infection(DPI), tol-like receptor 2(TLR2, at 7 and 14 DPI), TLR4(at 7 and 14 DPI), tumor necrosis factor super family15(TNFSF15, at 7 and 14 DPI), lysozyme(LYZ, at 14 DPI) and fowlicidin-2(at 7 and 14 DPI) mR NA levels, whereas it dramatical y(P = 0.001) increased IFN-γ mR NA levels at 7 DPI. However, chal enged birds fed diets supplemented with B.coagulans showed a significant(P < 0.01) decrease in gut lesion scores, decreased C. perfringens numbers in the cecum and liver, and an increase in fowlicidin-2 mR NA levels in compared with the uninfected birds. In addition, compared with the non-supplemented group, dietary inclusion of B. coagulans improved intestinal barrier structure, further increased specific sI gA levels and alkaline phosphatase(IAP) activity in the jejunum, enhanced the expression of jejunum lysozyme mR NA, and inhibited the growth, colonization, and invasion of C. perfringens; in contrast, it reduced serum-specific IgG concentrations and jejunum IFN-γ mR NA levels.Conclusion: These results indicated that dietary B. coagulans supplementation appeared to be effective in preventing the occurrence and reducing the severity of C. perfringens-induced NE in broiler chickens.

The synbiotic mixture of lactulose and Bacillus coagulans protects intestinal barrier dysfunction and apoptosis in weaned piglets challenged with lipopolysaccharide

Background Lactulose as an effective prebiotic protects intestinal mucosal injury.Bacillus coagulans is widely used in feed additives because of its ability to promote intestinal health.Our previous study suggests that the combination of lactulose and Bacillus coagulans may be a good candidate as alternative for antibiotic growth promoters.However,the in vivo effects of lactulose and Bacillus coagulans on growth and intestinal health under immune challenge in piglets remains unclear.The objective of this study is to explore the protective effects of synbiotic containing lactu-lose and Bacillus coagulans on the intestinal mucosal injury and barrier dysfunction under immune challenge in weaned piglets.Methods Twenty four weaned piglets were assigned to 4 groups.Piglets in the CON-_(saline)and LPS-_(LPS)group were fed the basal diet,while others were fed either with chlortetracycline(CTC)or synbiotic mixture of lactulose and Bacillus coagulans for 32 d before injection of saline or lipopolysaccharide(LPS).Piglets were sacrificed 4 h after LPS injection to collect samples to determine intestinal morphology,integrity and barrier functions as well as relative genes and proteins.Results Our data showed that no differences were observed in the growth performance of the four test groups.LPS injection induced higher serum diamine oxidase activities,D-lactic acid levels,and endotoxin status,lower villus height and ratio of villus height to crypt depth,greater mRNA and lower protein expression related tight junction in both jejunum and ileum.In addition,a higher apoptosis index,and protein expression of Bax and caspase-3 were also observed in the LPS challenge group.Interestingly,dietary synbiotic mixture with lactulose and Bacillus coagulans protected against LPS-induced intestinal damage,barrier dysfunction and higher apoptosis as well as CTC.Conclusions Our data suggest that dietary supplementation of synbiotic mixture with lactulose and Bacillus coagu-lans showed resilience to LPS-induced intestinal morphological damage,barrier dysfunction and aggressive apoptosis in piglets as well as the protective effects of CTC.These results indicate that synbiotic mixture of lactulose and Bacillus coagulans showed beneficial effects on performance and resilience to acute immune stress in weaned piglets.

Mechanism of the Effect of Bacillus coagulans on Production Performance of Laying Hens in Late Laying Period

[Objective]The paper was to investigate the mechanism of Bacillus coagulans preparation in improving production performance of laying hens in late period of laying.[Method]A total of 648 individuals of"Jingfen 1"laying hens(66 weeks of age)in late period of laying were randomly divided into four groups,six replicates each group,and each group had 27 individuals of laying hens.The laying hens in control group were fed with basal diet,and those in experimental groupsⅠ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were fed with the basal diets added with 3.33×10^6,1×10^7,3.33×10^7 CFU/g B.coagulans,respectively.The pretrial lasted one week,and the formal test lasted eight weeks.[Result]Compared with the control group,the laying rate in group Ⅰ increased significantly,and the feed-gain ratio in experimental group Ⅱ decreased noticeably while the spleen index increased remarkably;the alkaline phosphatase activities and blood calcium content in experimental groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ increased significantly(P<0.05),while the triglyceride content decreased remarkably(P<0.05);the urea content in experimental groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ decreased obviously(P<0.05).Adding B.coagulans significantly increased the specific activity of amylase,lipase and protease in various intestinal mucosa of small intestine(P<0.05);adding B.coagulans significantly increased the content of follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)and estradiol(E2),and significantly increased the mRNA expression of follicle stimulating hormone receptor gene(FSHR).[Conclusion]B.coagulans preparation could significantly improve the production performance of laying hens in late period of laying;appropriately enhance the immune capacity of laying hens;improve the serum biochemical indicators;increase the activity of digestive enzymes in the small intestine;and promote the release of gonadal hormone and the mRNA expression of FSHR gene in the ovary.

Bacillus coagulans X3角蛋白酶的酶学性质及其应用研究

为了提高凝结芽孢杆菌(Bacillus coagulans)X3角蛋白酶的水解效率,对其粗酶液的酶学性质及降解羽毛角蛋白的效果进行了研究。结果表明,粗酶液的最适反应温度为60℃,最适pH为7.0~8.0,在70~80℃时具有较好的热稳定性。金属离子中Ca^(2+)、Mn^(2+)对角蛋白酶活性起促进作用,Cu^(2+)、Ni^(2+)强烈抑制角蛋白酶活性,而Na^(+)、Mg^(2+)、Fe^(3+)对酶活性无显著影响。化学试剂苯甲基磺酰氟(PMSF)、乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)对酶活性有较强的抑制作用,β-巯基乙醇和二硫基苏糖醇(DTT)可显著提高酶活性,十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)和二甲基亚砜(DMSO)对酶活性没有显著影响。优化条件下降解羽毛,产物中游离氨基酸的总量高达4.3226 mg/mL,主要种类为缬氨酸、苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸、谷氨酸。研究结果为菌株X3酶解角蛋白废弃物提供了技术支撑。

MLST analysis of genetic diversity of Bacillus coagulans strains to evaluate effects on constipation model

Bacillus coagulans can help ameliorate or prevent gastrointestinal diseases, but the genetic relationships among B. coagulans isolates are not well studied. Multilocus sequence typing analysis was conducted on 57 isolates of B. coagulans from 22 provinces or autonomous regions in China. B. coagulans isolates were highly diverse and a total of 33(sequence typings) STs were found. These isolates had a weak clonal population structure and strong indications of intraspecies recombination. The evolution direction of B. coagulans was not correlated with geography or isolation source. Fifteen strains were selected for further analysis based on proximity relationships from the phylogenetic tree. Five isolates(B. coagulans-1, B. coagulans-10, B. coagulans-39, B. coagulans-70 and B. coagulans-71) with good spore-forming ability relative to the rest of the isolates were evaluated for constipation relief. B. coagulans-39 significantly relieved constipation symptoms in mice by regulating intestinal flora, increasing the production of short-chain fatty acids and restoring the level of gastrointestinal regulatory peptides. Comparative genomic analysis showed the beneficial effects of B. coagulans-39 might be associated with specific functional genes that are involved in the utilization of various carbohydrates as primary substrates and short-chain fatty acid production.

大黄鱼共生菌Bacillus coagulans LL1103的代谢产物研究

[目的]研究大黄鱼共生菌Bacillus coagulans LL1103的次生代谢产物及其抑菌活性。[方法]利用色谱层析技术对B.coagulans LL1103发酵液乙酸乙酯和正丁醇提取物进行分离纯化;运用波谱技术鉴定化合物的结构;采用微量肉汤稀释法对化合物进行抗菌活性测定。[结果]从大黄鱼内生菌B.coagulans LL1103发酵液中分离并鉴定9个环二肽类化合物,分别为:(1)环(4-羟基-脯氨酸-亮氨酸)、(2)环(异亮氨酸-丙氨酸)、(3)环(脯氨酸-缬氨酸)、(4)环(脯氨酸-苯丙氨酸)、(5)环(脯氨酸-亮氨酸)、(6)环(甘氨酸-丙氨酸)、(7)环(脯氨酸-甘氨酸)、(8)环(脯氨酸-丙氨酸)和(9)环(络氨酸-甘氨酸)。活性评价显示化合物3、7和9对大肠埃希菌(Escherichia coli)具有较强抑制作用,最低抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC)分别为8.0、4.0和16.0μg/mL。[结论]从大黄鱼共生菌B.coagulans LL1103的发酵液中分离得到3个对大肠埃希菌(E.coli)具有较好抑制活性的化合物。

海洋细菌Bacillus coagulansspp.heishijiaosis发酵液抗真菌活性及其机制

目的对凝结芽胞杆菌黑石礁新亚种LU-B02产生的抗白色念珠菌活性物质的作用靶位及抑菌谱进行了研究。方法采用山梨醇保护形态变异法结合扫描电镜超微结构观察研究了活性物质的作用靶位,最小抑菌浓度（MIC）法比较了该菌发酵液对不同真菌的抑菌活性。结果该活性物质抑制白色念珠菌细胞壁中的主要组分——葡聚糖的合成从而造成其细胞壁残缺。该活性物质具有抗真菌专一性,对革兰氏阳性代表菌金黄色葡萄球菌和革兰氏阴性代表菌大肠杆菌等细菌均无抑制效果,而对人体病原真菌抑菌效果较为明显,尤其是对白色念珠菌的抑制效果较好。MIC测定表明白色念珠菌对LU-B02活性物质高度敏感,相当于斯皮仁诺8～16μg,抑菌效价每毫升相当于3 500 U制霉菌素或洁尔阴活性的4倍。发酵液在酸性条件下加入0.2%冰片时,室温下存放6个月仍可保持良好的抗白色念珠菌活性。结论凝结芽孢杆菌黑石礁新亚种（Bacillus coagulans spp.heishijiaosis）产生的活性物质在控制以白色念珠菌为主的真菌感染方面具有良好应用前景。

海洋细菌Bacillus coagulans spp.Heishijiaosis发酵液抗真菌活性及其工艺优化研究

采用均匀设计与单因素实验研究了海洋凝结芽孢杆菌Bacillus coagulans spp.Heishijiaosis发酵液的抗真菌活性及其发酵条件,得到B.coagulans产抗真菌活性物质的最佳工艺条件为：培养基配方为玉米粉2%,豆饼粉0.2%,KH2PO4 0.2%,可溶性淀粉0.64%,微量元素溶液0.05%,p H自然;发酵条件为菌龄为18-21 h,接种量5%,培养基初始p H6.0-6.5,溶氧量60 mL/250m L,发酵温度28℃。

Effect of dietary supplementation of Bacillus coagulans or yeast hydrolysates on growth performance,antioxidant activity,cytokines and intestinal microflora of growing-finishing pigs

This study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of Bacillus coagulans(BC) and yeast hydrolysates(YH) on growth performance,antioxidant activity,cytokines and intestinal microflora of growing-finishing pigs.Thirty-six barrows(initial BW=26.87±2.65 kg) were assigned randomly to 3 treatments with 4 replicates,3 pigs per replicate.Pigs in the control group(CON) were fed a basal diet,and the diets for the other 2 groups were the basal diet plus BC at 200 mg/kg and the basal diet plus YH at 3,000 mg/kg.The trial lasted for 104 d.Compared with CON,YH treatment significantly increased average daily gain(ADG) and average daily feed intake(ADFI) during the finishing phase(P <0.05),and significantly enhanced ADG during the overall period(P <0.05).Dietary inclusion of BC tended to increase ADFI during the finishing period(P=0.08).Compared with CON,BC treatment imp roved lysozyme(LZM),complement 3(C3),complement 4(C4),interlenkin-10(IL-10) and total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC) level in serum(P <0.05).Dietary inclusion of YH enhanced the serum IL-10 level(P <0.05) and tended to increase T-AOC level(P=0.06).Dietary inclusion of YH elevated(P <0.05) the number of Lactobacillus and Bacillus in cecal contents of pigs,promoted the populations of Bifidobacterium and Bacillus in colonic contents.Moreover,the BC diet increased(P <0.05) the count of Bifidobacterium in colonic contents.These results indicated that dietary BC supplementation is beneficial to improve the immunity.Dietary YH supplementation promoted the growth performance and the populations of beneficial bacteria in the hindgut of the growing-finishing pigs.

Effects of benzoic acid,Bacillus coagulans and oregano oil combined supplementation on growth performance,immune status and intestinal barrier integrity of weaned piglets

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of benzoic acid,Bacillus coagulans and oregano oil combined supplementation on growth performance,immune status and intestinal barrier integrity of piglets.In a 26-d experiment,25 piglets were randomly assigned to 5 treatments:1)a basal diet,negative control(NC),2)NC added with antibiotics,positive control(PC);3)NC added with benzoic acid at 3,000 g/t and Bacillus coagulans at 400 g/t(AB);4)NC added with benzoic acid at 3,000 g/t and o regano oil at 400 g/t(AO);5)NC added with 3,000 g/t benzoic acid and Bacillus coagulans at 400 g/t and oregano oil at 400 g/t(ABO);On d 27,all piglets were euthanized to obtain jejunal mucosa to measure immune status and intestinal barrier integrity.Results showed that pigs fed AB diet increased the final body weight and average daily body weight gain and decreased the ratio of feed to gain co mpared with NC group(P<0.05).Co mpared with NC group,AB,AO and ABO decreased serum tumor necrosis factor-a concentration and ABO decreased interleukin-1βconcentration in serum and jejunal mucosa(P<0.05).Compared with NC group,AB upregulated mRNA expressions of sodium-glucose cotransportel,claudin-1,occludin and mucin2 in jejunal mucosa and the populations of Bifidobacterium and Bacillus in cecal digesta(P<0.05).Compared with NC group,ABO increased jejunal mucosal occludin mRNA abundance and Bifidobacterium population in cecal digesta,and decreased Escherichia coli population in cecal digesta(P<0.05).Furthermore,AB and ABO increased Bacillus population in cecal digesta compared with PC group(P<0.05).These results indicated that dietary AB supplementation could improve growth performance and intestinal barrier integrity of piglets when fed antibiotic-free diets,which was possibly associated with the improvement of immune status and intestinal microflora.Dietary ABO supplementation is also beneficial to improve immune status and intestinal barrier integrity and micro flora of piglets.

Alleviative effects of a novel strain Bacillus coagulans XY2 on copper-induced toxicity in zebrafish larvae

Copper (Cu) is a kind of micronutrient element that is essential for human metabolism.However,it is also considered as an environmental pollutant which is toxic to organisms at a high concentration level.Probiotics,regarded as beneficial microorganisms for promoting human health,have functions of antioxidant capacity,immune-enhancing properties,intestinal barrier protection and regulation.Several studies have reported that probiotics show positive effects on alleviating and intervening heavy metals toxicity.However,evidence for relieving copper-induced toxicity by probiotics is still limited.In this study,we firstly conducted a zebrafish larvae model to screen out microorganisms which are helpful for CuSO_(4)toxicity resistance and one novel strain named as Bacillus coagulans XY2 was discovered with the best protective activity.B.coagulans XY2 significantly reduced the mortality of zebrafish larvae exposed to 10μmol/L CuSO_(4)for 96 hr,as well as alleviated the neutrophils infiltration in the larvae lateral line under a 2 hr exposure.B.coagulans XY2 exhibited a high in vitro antioxidant activity and against CuSO_(4)-induced oxidative stress in zebrafish larvae by up-regulating sod1,gstp1 and cat gene transcriptional levels and relevant enzymatic activities.CuSO_(4)stimulated the inflammation process resulting in obvious increases of gene il-1βand il-10 transcription,which were suppressed by B.coagulans XY2 intervention.Overall,our results underline the bio-function of B.coagulans XY2 on protecting zebrafish larvae from copper toxicity,suggesting the potential application values of probiotics in copper toxicity alleviation on human and the environment.

凝结芽孢杆菌BC-HYI对蛋雏鸡促生长作用的研究

本试验旨在探究凝结芽孢杆菌BC-HYI对蛋雏鸡的促生长作用。将288只1日龄、初始体重(约为0.55 kg)相近的蛋雏鸡随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只。4组分别为空白组(生理盐水1 mL)以及益生菌低、中、高剂量组(凝结芽孢杆菌BC-HYI浓度分别为106、107、108CFU/mL,各1 mL),各组连续灌服28 d。在第1、2、3、4周进行取血,并采集蛋雏鸡十二指肠、空肠、回肠以及空肠黏膜。结果表明:与空白组相比,高剂量凝结芽孢杆菌BC-HYI在第4周极显著提高蛋雏鸡的平均日增重(ADG)(P<0.01),极显著降低料重比(F/G)(P<0.01);中剂量凝结芽孢杆菌BC-HYI显著提高蛋雏鸡十二指肠、空肠、回肠的绒隐比(P<0.05);各剂量凝结芽孢杆菌BC-HYI显著降低血清中二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性和D-乳酸(D-Lac)含量(P<0.05),高剂量凝结芽孢杆菌BC-HYI极显著降低血清中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量(P<0.01);中、高剂量凝结芽孢杆菌BC-HYI极显著提高第4周空肠黏膜黏液蛋白2(MUC2)、闭合蛋白(Occludin)和闭锁小带蛋白-1(ZO-1)的mRNA相对表达量(P<0.01);中剂量凝结芽孢杆菌BC-HYI显著提高空肠黏膜中分泌型免疫球蛋白A(SIgA)和白细胞介素-10(IL-10)含量(P<0.05);3个剂量凝结芽孢杆菌BC-HYI对空肠Toll样受体4(TLR4)信号通路的抑制作用不显著(P>0.05)。综上所述,凝结芽孢杆菌BC-HYI通过降低肠道黏膜通透性,提高肠道黏膜屏障的保护作用及吸收功能,降低蛋雏鸡料重比,提升其生长性能。

凝结芽孢杆菌BC-HYI改善脂多糖损伤蛋雏鸡肠道作用的研究

本试验旨在探究凝结芽孢杆菌BC-HYI调节脂多糖(LPS)损伤蛋雏鸡肠道作用。选取1日龄京红蛋雏鸡180只,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复6只,重复之间体重接近。空白对照组(CON组)和模型组(LPS组)饲喂基础饲粮,连续灌服生理盐水;3个益生菌组饲喂基础饲粮,同时分别连续灌服低、中、高剂量的凝结芽孢杆菌BC-HYI (浓度分别为106、107、108CFU/mL),连续灌服28 d,28 d后灌服LPS,灌服浓度为2 mg/kg,灌服剂量为200μL/只,试验周期为6 h,分别记为LOW+LPS、MID+LPS、HIGH+LPS组。6 h后采血,剖检、收集蛋雏鸡十二指肠、空肠、回肠肠道组织及空肠黏膜。结果表明:与空白对照组相比,LPS灌服后,蛋雏鸡十二指肠、空肠、回肠的绒隐比以及空肠黏膜黏液蛋白2(MUC2)、闭合蛋白(Occludin)和闭锁小带蛋白-1(ZO-1)mRNA相对表达量显著降低(P<0.05),血清二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性及D-乳酸(D-Lac)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量,空肠黏膜分泌型免疫球蛋白A(SIgA)和白细胞介素-10(IL-10)的含量,空肠黏膜Toll样受体4(TLR4)和核因子-κB (NF-κB)的mRNA相对表达量和蛋白表达量显著提高(P<0.05)。与LPS组相比,中、高剂量凝结芽孢杆菌BC-HYI极显著上调十二指肠、空肠、回肠绒隐比(P<0.01),极显著下调空肠黏膜TLR4和NF-κB的mRNA相对表达量和蛋白表达量(P<0.01),显著下调蛋雏鸡血清DAO活性及D-Lac和TNF-α含量(P<0.05);凝结芽孢杆菌BC-HYI显著提高空肠黏膜MUC2、Occludin和ZO-1的mRNA相对表达量(P<0.05);凝结芽孢杆菌BC-HYI对空肠黏膜SIgA和IL-10含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。综上所述,凝结芽孢杆菌BC-HYI对LPS损伤有缓解作用,能降低肠道通透性,下调TLR4/NF-κB信号通路中TLR4和NF-κB的mRNA相对表达量和蛋白表达量,从而改善LPS灌服后的肠道损伤,提高蛋雏鸡肠道健康。

凝结芽孢杆菌BC-HYI对肉鸡生长及肠道形态结构的影响

[目的]通过分析平均日采食量、料重比、屠宰指数、肠道绒毛高度/隐窝深度比值,探究凝结芽孢杆菌BC-HYI对肉鸡生长性能及肠道形态结构的影响。[方法]选取3日龄健康、体质量110~140 g的肉鸡75只,随机分为对照组(基础日粮);抗生素组(基础日粮加杆菌肽);凝结芽孢杆菌低剂量组(基础日粮加凝结芽孢杆菌BC-HYI,细菌数2×10^(7) CFU/mL);凝结芽孢杆菌中剂量组(基础日粮加凝结芽孢杆菌BC-HYI,细菌数2×10^(8) CFU/mL);凝结芽孢杆菌高剂量组(基础日粮加凝结芽孢杆菌BC-HYI,细菌数2×10^(9) CFU/mL)。试验期为35 d,每7 d为一个周期对试验肉鸡称量体质量、采血和剖检。[结果]凝结芽孢杆菌低剂量组、凝结芽孢杆菌中剂量组可以显著提高肉鸡生长性能与屠宰指数;凝结芽孢杆菌中剂量组、凝结芽孢杆菌高剂量组提高十二指肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度比值作用的效果显著且持久;凝结芽孢杆菌中剂量组促进乳酸菌的生长,抑制大肠杆菌的生长效果更优。[结论]2×10^(8) CFU/mL凝结芽孢杆菌BC-HYI可以改善肠道形态结构,调节盲肠内乳酸菌和大肠杆菌的生长;对肉鸡具有显著促生长作用。